Latın Amerikası Romanı" - I Cild PDF

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LATIN AMERIKASI
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Tarixin ayr-ayr dövrlrind ümumbri mdniyyt, ne-
c deyrlr, yaradclq böhranyla üzlnd hanssa xalq, ya ey-
ni corafiyada yaayan toplum ön çxb, mdniyytin üfüqlrini
genilndirib, ona yeni nfs verib, onu mnn znginldirib.
Yaxn keçmi d nzr salsaq, görrik ki, XIX srin ortalarnda
bu missiyan rus dbiyyat öz üzrin götürrk, dünya dbi
prosesin tkan verib. Tolstoy, Dostoyevski, Çexov, Turgenev,
Qonçarov, Leonid Andreyev, Qorki – bu yazçlarn hr birinin
mnviyyatmzdak rolu danlmazdr. XX srin vvllrind bu
sçray fransz, XX srin ortalarnda Amerika dbiyyatnda
müahid edirik. XX srin ikinci yarsnda is Latn Amerikas
dbiyyat öz sözünü dedi, bu “çarlmam qonaq” dünya d-
biyyatnn qapsn utancaq tlb kimi çkin-çkin döymdi,
ksin, tpikl vurub açd v çox qsa müddtd milyonlarla
oxucunun üryin yol tapd. Vur-tut iyirmi-iyirmi be ild Kar-
pantyer (Kuba), Asturias (Qvatemala), Xuan Rulfo (Meksika),
Bastos (Paraqvay), Fuentes (Meksika), Kortasar (Argentina),
Markes (Kolumbiya), Borxes (Argentina), Onetti (Uruqvay),
Lyosa (Peru), Sabato (Argentina) v adn çkmdiyimiz onlarla
yazçnn kitablar dünya dbiyyatn “ial” etdi.
80 il vvl roman janrnn glcyi bard fikir yürüdn
ingilis nzriyyçisi Foks Ralf “müasir romana, az qala, ntibah
dövründn itirdiyimiz gözllik, fantaziya, istehzal bax çox la-
zmd... azad olmu briyyt Afrika v hind-ispan xalqlarnn
drind gizlnmi, demk olar, toxunulmam enerjisi hesabna
znginlck” demidi. Vaxt onun dediklrini tsdiqldi: yeni
Latn Amerikas roman briyytin yaradclq sviyysin
böyük töhf verdi.
5
Latn Amerikas dbiyyatndak bu sçrayn sbblri
hl d müzakir mövzusudur. Tbii ki, buna mnvi, estetik priz-
madan baxlmaldr. Dünya dbiyyatn onlarsz tsvvür ed
bilmdiyimiz bu yazçlar, sasn, ispan dilind yazb-yaradblar.
Ancaq hmin corafi mkanda glmlrl yana, aborigen xalq-
lar da yaayb. Hr xalqn da öz dünyagörüü, dünyabax, m-
nvi dyrlri, mifologiyas... Zoraklqla qsb ediln, hr cür
iddt mruz qalan yerli xalqlarn glmlrl qaynayb-qar-
mas sonradan istr-istmz hm d znginliy çevrilib: müxtlif
mdniyytlr bir-birini tamamlayb v bellikl, yeni mdniyy-
tin sintezi yaranb. Ola bilsin, Latn Amerikas dbiyyatnn
mhz “dünyviliyi” onu bel maraql, tkrarolunmaz edib.
Kitabda siz tqdim etdiyimiz dörd yazç ayr-ayr ölkni
tmsil edir. Bu ölklrin hr biri öz hali trkibi, tarixi, md-
niyytiyl frqlidir. Lyosann vtni Peruda hindilr v metislr,
Markesin vtni Kolumbiyada metislr, Argentinada Avropa
mnli xalqlar üstünlük tkil edirlr. n “Avropa” ölksi
Onettinin vtni Uruqvayd, hindilri burada ancaq yer adlar
xatrladr. Bütün bu ciddi frqlr baxmayaraq, onlar ümumi
bir mfhum – “Latn Amerikas dbiyyat” mfhumu birldirir
v bu yazçlarn hr biri özünmxsusluuyla seçils d, ger-
çklikl xyallarn srhdlrinin itdiyi mkanda poetik simvol-
lar vasitsil eyni eyi – Yeni nsan nslinin tarixini yazblar,
bizi d hmin mkann sakinlrin çeviriblr.

Saday Budaql

6
XUAN KARLOS
ONETT
Uruqvay

Girdab
7
JUAN CARLOS
ONETT
Uruguay
El pozo

8

XUAN KARLOS
ONETT

XX srin görkmli Uruqvay yaz-
çs Xuan Karlos Onettini (1909-1994)
çox vaxt “tnhaln trnnümçüsü” adlandrrlar. Onun dünya-
görüünün formalamasnda “sol” ideologiyann rolu böyük
olub. Gncliyind htta keçmi SSR-y glib, özü demikn, “so-
sializm quruculuunda itirak etmk” istyib. El bu baxlarna
gör d 1974-cü ild hbs olunub, ancaq dünya ictimaiyytinin
tzyiqiyl azadla buraxlb.
Onetti “Yiysiz torpaq” (1941), “Qsa ömür” (1950),
“Vidalama” (1954), “Trsan” (1961), “Skeletlr xuntas”
(1965), “Küly söz verk” (1979) roman v povestlrinin,
hmçinin “Çin olmu yuxu” (1951), “n dhtli chnnm”
(1962) v s. hekaylr toplusunun müllifidir.
Onettinin srlrind insann daxili almi, düünclri, hiss
v duyular ön çkilir. O, 1980-ci ild “Migel de Servantes” mü-
kafatna layiq görülüb. 1939-cu ild çap olunan “Girdab” roman
yazçnn ilk sridir v ona dünya öhrti qazandrb.

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36

ERNESTO
SABATO
Argentina

Tunel

37

ERNESTO
SABATO

Argentina

El tunel
38

ERNESTO SABATO

Tannm Argentina yazçs Er-

nesto Sabatonun (1911-2011) ilk kitab
esselr mcmusindn ibart olsa da, 1948-ci ild iq üzü gö-
rn “Tunel” roman artq onu bir yazç kimi tantdrb. Alber
Kamyunun sr haqqnda dediyi xo sözlrdn sonra roman
drhal onlarla dil trcüm olunub. 1961-ci ild çap olunan
“Qhrmanlar v mzarlar” roman is XX srin n yax ro-
manlarndan saylr.
Sabato XX srin nhng yazçlarndan olan Kortasar,
Borxes, Qabriel Qarsia Markes v Jorji Amadu il birlikd
“magik realizm”in sasn qoyanlardan hesab olunur.
Ernesto Sabato “Mediçi” (taliya, 1977), “Migel de Ser-
vantes” (spaniya, 1984), “Yeruslim” (srail, 1989) mükafat-
larna layiq görülüb.

39

Bu dünyada çtin v dyikn ideyalara qar

durma bacaran dostum Roxelio Frixerioya
ithaf olunur.

…hr halda, yalnz bir tunel mövcud idi,
qaranlq v kimssiz bir tunel – mnim tunelim…

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ötn xatirlri oyatd. Tkc gördüklrim yox, sslr, qqrq-
lar, uzun pauzalar da. El indi d dnizin sahilind dayananda,
n vaxtsa bütün bunlar xatrlayanda qm-qüss hiss elycyi-
mi bilirm.
bdi v coqun dniz is yaxnlqdad. Kimssiz sahild-
ki çoxdann göz yalar v intizar bs imi. Dalalardan gözü-
mü çkmdn keçirdiyim saatlar da bs imi. Mnim bu xatir-
lrimi sn nec duya bilmidin, yoxsa sn biz oxayan bir çox
insann sirrindn agah olmusan?
Ancaq indi sn burdasan: sn mniml dniz arasnda
dayanmsan. Bizim baxlarmz qarlar. Sn trpnmdn
ümidsiz halda mn baxrsan, sanki kömk umursan.
Mariya”.
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XXIII

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XXIV

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132

QABREL QARSA
MARKES
Kolumbiya
Mnim küskün
gözlçlrim

133

GABRIEL GARCIA
MARQUEZ
Colombia
Memora
de ms putas
trstes

134
QABREL QARSA
MARKES
(1927-2014)

Böyük Kolumbiya yazçs, Nobel
mükafat laureat Qabriel Qarsia Mar-
kes dünya dbiyyatnn görkmli simalarndan biridir.
O, “Yüz ilin tnhal”, “Polkovnik mktub yoxdur”,
“Patriarxn payz”, “Bir qtlin tarixçsi” v bir çox baqa ro-
man, povest v hekaylr müllifidir.
“Mnim küskün gözlçlrim” roman sevgi haqqndadr.
Ömrünü mnasz keçirmi bir adam hyatnn sonunda haqla-
yan sevgi haqqnda. Roman hm d qocalq haqqndadr. O qo-
calq ki, istk var, amma güc yoxdu. Ona gör bu sevgi hm gö-
zl, hm d facilidi.

135

– O grk bel aybl i görmyydi, –
mehmanxanadak qadn üzünü qocaya tutub de-
di, – barman yatan qadnn azna soxmayay-
d, buna oxar ns etmyydi.
“Yatm gözllr evi”

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Latn Amerikas nsrinin görkmli
nümayndlrindn biri olan Mario Var-
qas Lyosa 1936-c ild Peruda anadan olub. Onun ad Markes,
Kortasar, Borxes kimi XX srin klassiklri il bir crgd çkilir.
“hr v köpklr” (1963), “Yal ev” (1968), “Kilsd
söhbt” (1969), “Kapitan Pantaleon v xeyirxah xidmtlr bö-
lüyü” (1973), “Xuliya xala v czmaqaraç” (1977), “Palamino
Moleronu kim öldürüb” (1986), “Keltin yuxusu” (2010) v bir
çox roman, povest v pyes müllifi olan yazç 2010-cu ild No-
bel mükafatna layiq görülüb.
“Küçüklr” (1967) romannn nrindn sonra bir çox
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248

Latın Amerikası Romanı" - I Cild PDF

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LATIN AMERKASI ROMANI

Tannm Argentina yazçs Er-

Bu dünyada çtin v dyikn ideyalara qar

“Mn d sizin haqqnzda düünürm.

“Mn üç qeyri-adi gün yaadm: dniz, çimrlik, crlar

“Yatm gözllr evi”

Ernesto Sabato (Argentina)

Qabriel Qarsia Markes (Kolumbiya)

Mario Varqas Lyosa (Peru)

You might also like

Latın Amerikası Romanı" - I Cild PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

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Did you find this document useful?

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Copyright:

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Latın Amerikası Romanı" - I Cild PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

7Ԥ5&h0Ԥ0Ԥ5.Ԥ=ø1ø1.

LATIN AMERKASI ROMANI

Tannm Argentina yazçs Er-

Bu dünyada çtin v dyikn ideyalara qar

“Mn d sizin haqqnzda düünürm.

“Mn üç qeyri-adi gün yaadm: dniz, çimrlik, crlar

“Yatm gözllr evi”

Ernesto Sabato (Argentina)

Qabriel Qarsia Markes (Kolumbiya)

Mario Varqas Lyosa (Peru)

You might also like

“Mn üç qeyri-adi gün yaadm: dniz, çimrlik, crlar