format Background ‘Tangent (or Drift) Angle + The tangent angle (or drift angle) isthe inclination (in degrees from the vertical) ofthe long straight section ofthe well after the build up section ofthe well. + ‘The tangent section forms a tangent tothe are formed by the build up section ofthe wll + The tangent angle will generally be between 10 and 60 degrees since itis difficult to control the trajectory ofthe well at angles below 10 degrees and its difficult to ‘nan wireline tools into wells at angles of greater than 60 degrees Click to add notes EE © rene to searTanne mains Stow Raw ew Hh P sexo, The conventional visual representation of a directional well consists of a horizontal and vertical cross-section A straight segment A-B is used here to represent the wellbore, The distance from the rotary table [the rotary kelly bushing (RKB)] to Point A or Point B as measured along the wellbore is called a measured depth (MD). The vertical distance from the rotary table to Point A “| or Point B is called true vertical depth (TVD) or simply vertical depth. ‘The vertical and horizontal planes are called the inclination and dired The inclination angle g is the angle between the vertical and the wellbore. The direction angle 0 is specified as the azimuth between the geographic north and the projection of the wellbore onto a horizontal plane. Click to add notesvane et OrmDAEGhTattons —dnmaone Stow Rav Wew P sex ‘Multilateral Drilling ‘Multilateral well has been defined as a well that has more than one horizontal or near horizontal laterals drilled from single site and connected back to a single well bore. Applications + Greater reservoir exposure. + Drain more than one reservoir. | + Exploit irregular reservoirs efficienty + Speed up reservoir drainage. Reduction in drilling cost per unit length of the well bore contacting, the reservoir rock. Ability to obtain a given length of horizontal well bore in reservoir where drag would perhaps limit the length of single horizontal well bore. Click to add notesMultilateral Drilling Multilateral well has been defined as a well that has more than one horizontal or near horizontal laterals drilled from single site and connected back to a single well bore. Applications + Greater reservoir exposure. + Drain more than one reservoir + Exploit irregular reservoirs efficiently. + Speed up reservoir drainage. Reduction in drilling cost per unit length of the well bore contacting, the reservoir rock. Ability to obtain a given length of horizontal well bore in reservoir where drag would perhaps limit the length of single horizontal well bore. + Click to add notes type ae tseThe conventional visual representation of a directional well consists of a horizontal and vertical cross-section A straight segment A-B is used here to represent the wellbore, The distance from the rotary table [the rotary kelly bushing (RKB)] to Point A or Point B as measured along the wellbore is called a measured depth (MD). The vertical distance from the rotary table to Point A “| or Point B is called true vertical depth (TVD) or simply vertical depth. The vertical and horizontal planes are called the inclination and direction planes respectively. The inclination angle @ is the angle between the vertical and the wellbore. The direction angle 0 is specified as the azimuth between the geographic north and the projection of the wellbore onto a horizontal plane. + Click to add notes EB © enero sear+ The conventional visual representation of a directional well consists of a horizontal and vertical cross-section — A straight segment A-B is used here to represen the wellbore. The distance from the rotary table [the rotary kelly bushing (RKB)] to Point A or Point Bas measured along the wellbore is called a measured depth The vertical distance from the rotary table to Point AZ or Point Bis called tre vertical Tepeh (FYB) or sity iDpeTUD — vertical depth, ———— Ca Thc ean rat plane arcade ton and ce panes ope The inclination angle @ is the angle between the vertical and the wellbore. The dcton angle 8's speed ay the amuth between the geographic oath and the projection he wero arcana plane - Click to add notes EER © veenereto seaParameters Defining the Well Path ‘There are three specific parameters which must be considered when planning one of the trajectories ‘The Kickoff Point (KOP): The kick off point is the along hole measured depth at which a change in inclination of the well is initiated and the well is orientation in a particular direction (in terms of North, South , East and West). + In general the most distant targets have the shallowest KOPs. + Itis generally easier to kick off a well in shallow formations than in deep formations, + The kick-off should js initiated in formations which are stable and not likely to cause drilling problems, such as unconsolidated clays. + Click to add notes EB © senate to seanset ° s/s a7 eZ ph Ley bx ae poten. = I> gold uf?Parameters Defining the Well Path ‘There are three specific parameters which must be considered when planning one of thesasnses > YnelT perl be ‘The Kickoff Point (KOP): The Ei off point is the along hole measured depth at which a change in inclination of the well is initiated and the well is orientation in a particular direction (in terms of North, South , East and West). + In general the most distant targets have the shallowest KOPs. + Itis generally easier to kick off a well in shallow formations than in deep formations. + The kick-off should is initiated in formations which are stable and not likely to cause drilling problems, such as unconsolidated clays. Click to add notes EM © senate to searParameters Defining the Well Path ‘There are three specific parameters which must be considered when planning one of the trajectories —> yell 6 alee ‘The Kickoff Point (KOP): The E off point is the along hole measured depth at which a change in inclination of the well is initiated and the well is orientation in a particular direction (in terms of North, South eee + Itis generally easier to kick off a well in shallow formations than in deep formations. ‘+ The kick-off should is initiated in formations which are stable and not likely to cause a drilling problems, such as unconsolidated clays. Leokegeent Click to add notes EM © senate to searEB © senate to sean Buildup Rate (BUR) and Drop Off Rate (DOR) + The build up rate and drop off rate (in degrees of inclination) are the rates at which the well deviates from the vertical (usually measured in degrees per 100 ft drilled). ‘The build-up rate is chosen on the basis of drilling experience in the location and the tools available, but rates between 1 degree and 3 degree per 100 ft of hole drilled are most common in conventional wells. Since the build up and drop off rates are constant, these sections of the well, by definition, form the are ofa circle, Build up rates in excess of 3 degrees per 100 ft are termed doglegs when drilling conventional deviated wells with conventional drilling equipment. ‘The build up rate is often termed the dogleg severity. Click to add notesoe a = “ So # Le Re OU Aue - ree ( e7 igi He I. : RK = Lami | ial gy joe Soo _(@. a 57284 ark Ment ty eo = GD. OK tet Ngune 51215 + Click to add notes BBuildup Rate (BUR) and Drop Off Rate (DOR) + The build up rate and drop off rate (in degrees of inclination) are the rates at which the well deviates from ne Ger Rly measured in dszes per 10 file) ‘The build-up rat is chosen onthe bass of drilling experience inthe location and the tools available, but rates between 1 degree and 3 degree per 100 ft of hole drilled are most common in conventional wells. Since the build up and drop off rates are constant, these sections of the well, by conventional deviated wells with convéftional drilling equipment. ion, form the arc of a circle. z Build up rates in excess of $ degrees per 100 ft are termed doglegs when driling ‘The build up rate is often termed the dogleg severity. + Click to add notes EM © senate to sean( bR-O aR ee enh Si Spon rs 1284 aa pede 9 — Toot! = 51% NSB UR. 4 : + Click to add notesvery 4me 4 o- ork Bis, pened mye aneEE © senate to sean iL ‘Tangent (or Drift) Angle + The tangent angle (or drift angle) is the incl well. The tangent angle will generally be between 10 and 60 degrees to control the trajectory of the well at angles below 10 degrees and it is dificult to run wireline tools into wells at angles of greater than 60 degrees. — BH: a Click to add notesGeographic North In geographic cognates totruenorth or true azimuth I ponte OeN Magnetic North; Magnetic north can be mearued by 2 i fuagoee compare, Negu stimsta are not gustan dee othe erate the north SAiGouth mga pels a bevce Inagnetie measurements may ein ero duet lea magnet eld variations, —_ Incil wells all surveys with ‘magnetic type’ tools are initially given an azimuth reading referenced to Magnetic North. However, the final calculated coordinates are always converted to True North — Magnetic Declination: Magnetic north and true north do not coincide. ‘The divergence between true north and magnetic north is different for most points on the earth's surface, and in addition to this the ‘magnetic north pole changes its position very slightly each year ‘The angle in degrees between true and magnetic north is called the declination angle. The declination angle is negative if magnetic north lies tothe west of true north and is positive ifthe magnetic north lies ta the east of true north + Click to add notes EB © senate to seaPROFILE OF A WELL ‘There are 3 types of well profile: 1. BUILD & HOLD (L) 2. BUILD-HOLD-DROP (S) 3. DEEP KICK OFF (1) ‘Most common & simple type of directional well. ‘Well is drilled down to KOP and deviated to required angle and maintained that angle to target. ‘This type of well is generally preferred for larger horizontal displacement with shallower depths. ‘This type of well is called L-type type 1 + Click to add notes P _oenaretoseaeReet inl Perare Geographic North: In geographic cognates Sta totmuenorth ora true azimuth I points OreN local magnetic field ——s re initially given an However, the final ‘The divergence hand magnetic north is different for most points on the earth's surface, and in addition to this the ‘magnetic north pole changes its position very slightly each year ‘The angle in degrees between true and magnetic north is called the declination angle. The declination angle is negative if magnetic north lies tothe west of true north and is positive ifthe magnetic north ies ta the east of true north + Click to add notes P _oenaretoseaeGeographic North: In geographic cognates totruenorth ora true azimuth. I ponte OeN Magnetic North; Magnetic north can be mearued by 2 i tuagoee compare. Negug stimsta ae not gustan dee othe erate aE the north SAiGouth cage pels a bevce Images measurements may ein ero duet loa magnet eld variations, — Inoil wells all surveys with ‘magnetic type’ tools are initially given an azimuth reading referenced to Magnetic North. However, the final calculated coordinates are always converted to True North — Magnetic Declination: Magnetic north and true north do not coincide. ‘The divergence between true north and magnetic north is different for most points on the earth's surface, and in addition to this the ‘magnetic north pole changes its position very slightly each year ‘The angle in degrees between true and magnetic north is called the declination angle. The declination angle is negative if magnetic north lies tothe west of true north and is positive ifthe magnetic north lies ta the east of true north Click to add notes EE © seenereto sea