Page |1

udkjjdoh hkq l=ulao@

udkjjdoh ms<sn| o¾Ykh flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lsÍug m%:u ir,
w¾:fhka udkjjdoh hkq l=ulaoehs y÷kd.ekSu m%fõYhla jYfhka jeo.;a jkq
we;' úoHdjka ;=< fukau udkj Ydia;% ;=<o fndfydauhla jdohka wka;¾.; fõ'
jdohla hkqfjka ir,j woyia jkafka m%ia;=;hg wod< jia;=j fyda m%mxph
iïnkaOj wOHhkh flfrk wOHhk lafIa;%h jeks w¾:hls' fï wkqj
udkjjdoh ms<sn|j ir,j meyeos,s l< yels woyi jkafka udkjhd ms<sn|
wOHhkh lrkq ,nk wOHhk lafIa;%h jYfhks' Ydia;%Sh f,dalh .;al, úúO
wOHhk lafIa;%hka fkd.sKsh yels m%udKhla mj;S' fïjdfhka wruqKq
flfrkafka úúO m%mxphkah' WodyrK jYfhka cSj úoHdjka u.ska cSj f,dalh
ms<sn|j wOHhkh flf¾' úoHdfõ fukau o¾Ykfhao wdrïNh cSj f,dalh
wOHhkh ;=<ska f.dvke.=Kq Ydia;%Sh l;sldjhs' f;a,aia úiska úYajfha h:d¾:
uQ,O¾uh fiùug wdrïN l<od o¾Ykh muKla fkdj úoHdjo Wm; ,eîh' fï
wkqj udkjjdoh hkq udkjhd ms<sn| wOHhk lafIa;%hla fyda m%jdohla f,i
fmkajdosh yelsh' kuq;a udkjjdoh hkq l=ulao@ hk .eg¨j ;=<oS fujeks
ms<s;=rlska iEySulg m;aúh fkdyel' wfkla w;g iEu Ydia;%hlu uõ úIh jQ
o¾Ykh ;=<ska tl t,af,a ms<s;=re iemhSu hkq o¾Yk úIhg wdfõKsl
iajNdjfhka uE;a ùuls' ukaoh;a o¾Ykh ;=<ska isÿ flfrkafka tl t,aaf,a
ms<s;=re osh fkdyels fojk .Kfha .eg¨ Wfoid ú.%yd;aul fukau ;d¾lsl
ms<s;=re ,ndoSuhs' ta wkqj udkjjdoh iïnkaOfhka mj;sk u;jdo i,ld n,ñka
.uH lr.; yels woyi ljf¾o hkak úuid ne,Su jeo.;ah'

udkjjdoh hehs lS muKska th wúysxidjdoS fyda udkj ys;jdoS w¾:fhka

bosßm;a jk iSud iys; jdohla f,i tl t,af,a jegysh yelsh' kuq;a udkjjdoh
hkq tjeks mgq iajNdjhlska hqla; jQjla fkdfõ' fï wkqj udkjjdofhys
ksrela;sh ms<sn| fláfhka fyda úuid ne,Su jeo.;a jkq we;'

udkjdoh o¾Ykfhys l;sldjla f,i m%Njh jkafka ngysr f,dalh ;=<h'

th w;sYh uE; ld,Skj tkï mqkreo hq.fhaoS wdrïN jQ l;sldjla f,i
fmkajdosh yelsh' kuq;a udkjjdoh hkak mqkreo hq.fha l;sldjla f,i m%Njh
jQjo udkjhd uQ,sl m%ia;=;h fia ie,lSu wdrïN jQfha yqfola ngysr f,dalfha
 Page |2

fyda mqkreo hq.fhaoS fyda fkdfõ' th fmros. fukau ngysr b;d wE; w;S;hlg
osj hkakdjQ l;sldjls' ir, WodyrKhlska meyeos,s l<fyd;a fmros. f,dalfha
ffjosl foaj weoys,a, ;=<ska udkj iqnisoaêh i,id .ekSug W;aiql ùu fukau
.%Sl hq.h ;=< ú;KavjdoSka úiska udkj we.hqï ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu hk
m%mxp oaú;ajhu udkjjdoS fõ' ukaoh;a th udkj cSú;fha wx. ms<sn| wjOdkh
fhduql< neúks'

udkjjdoh hk mohg bx.%Sis NdIdfjka fhfok Humanism hk mohg

we;af;a ,;ska NdIduh iïNjhls' th ,;ska NdIdfjka Humanitas f,i Ndú; ù
we;' tys w¾:h ñksid ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;a ùu jeks w¾:hla .uH lrhs'

udkjjdoh ms<sn| úuid ne,SfïoS ta iïnkaOj bosßm;a ù we;s ks¾jpk

lsysmhla flfrys fyda wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu úfYaIfhka jeo.;a jkq we;' fï
iïnkaOj j¾;udkfhaoS b;d úYd, ld¾hNdrhla bgq lrkq ,nkafka weußldkq
udkjjdoS ixúOdkhhs' Tjqkaf.a ks¾jpkhg wkqj udkjjdoh hkq" m%.;sYS,S cSjk
ffY,shls' th ukqIH;ajh fjkqfjka wêiajNdúl;ajfhka f;drj wmf.a
yelshdjka yd j.lSï ;=<ska w¾:j;a yd iodpdrd;aul cSú;hla we;slr.ekSug
WmldÍ jkakdjQ cSjk ffY,shla f,i w¾: olajd we;'

tfukau cd;Hka;r udkjjdoS yd iodpdr ix.ufha w¾: oelaùug wkqj

udkjjdoh jQ l,S m%cd;ka;%jdoS yd iodpdrd;aul cSjk ffY,shls' tu.ska ñksidg
;u cSú;h yev.iajd .ekSug whs;sjdislï yd j.lSï we;snj ms<s.kS' ta ;=<ska jvd
udkjjdoS iudchla f.dvke.Sug uq, mqrk w;r th iodpdrh u; mokï fjñka
ñksidg iajNdúl we.hqï yd úpdr Yla;sho Ndú; lsÍug bvlv imhhs' tfiau
th wfoajjdoS fõ' ;jo tu.ska h:d¾:h iïnkaOj wêiajNdúl;aj oDIaáh
m%;slafIam lrhs'

udkjjdoh iïnkaO ;j;a ks¾jpkhla flfrys wjOdkh fhduq l<fyd;a

ì%iag,a udkjjdoS lKavdhu w¾: olajk wdldrhg udkjjdoh hkq úpdr Yla;sh
yd fmdÿ ukqIH;ajfhka hqla; cSú;h u; mokï jQ t<Uquls' tu.ska iodpdruh
we.hqï y÷kd.kakd w;r kshu f,i ukqIH iajNdjh y÷kd.kS'
^https://americanhumanist.org&
 Page |3

udkjjdoh hkak od¾Yksl ia:djrhl isg w¾: olajk úg udkjjdoh hkq

ñksid úiska ukqIH ukfiys iïm;a Wmfhda.S lr.ksñka udkj w;aoelSï u;
ndysr f,dalh ixcdkkh lsÍu ms<sn| od¾Yksl m%Yakhls'^F.C.S. Shiller; Studies in
Humanism;12.p.&

weursldkq b;sydi{fhl= jQ Edward P. Cheyney úiska w¾: olajk wdldrhg

udkjjdoh hkqfjka fndfyda foa w¾:j;a l< yelsh' th we;eïúg .%Sl hq.fha wdos
udkjjdoS úu¾Ykhkays w¾:fhka cSú;fha nqoaêuh iunr;djh f.dvke.Sug
W;aidy oeÍu úh yelsh' we;eïúg th wdpdrYS,S Ydia;%hka iïnkaO yeoEÍula úh
yelsh' tfukau th wd.ñl;ajfhka ksoyiaùulao úh yelsh' ;jo" úúO m%n,
pß; WodyrK f,i t<sin;a /csK" fnkacñka *%Ekala,ska jeks pß; flfrys we;s
wdl¾IKhla úh yelsh' fYalaiamsh¾" f.df;a jekakkag olajk uy;a <eoslula úh
yelsh' tfukau th udkjhd flakaølr.;a o¾Ykhlao úh yelsh' ^Corliss Lamont;
Humanism as a Philosophy;18.p.& fuu ú.%yh ;=<ska fndfyda woyia .uH lr.;
yelsh' úfYaIfhka fuu ú.%yfhka meyeos,s jk tla lreKla kï udkjjdoh
hkak w;sYh mq¿,a lafIa;%hla wdjrKh lrkakla jk njhs' wfkla w;g
udkjjdoh hkak nqoaêjdoS" Ydia;%Sh" foaYmd,ksl" iudcSh"fi!kao¾hjdoS"ixialD;sl
yd od¾Yksl jYfhkao w¾:l:kh l<yels njhs'

Corliss Lamont úiska meyeos,s lrk wdldrhg udkjjdoh hkak

ld,dkqrEmjo fjkia jkakls' uQ,sl jYfhkau udkjjdoh o¾Ykhla f,i
f.dvkef.kafka mqkreo hq.fhaoS jqjo udkjjdoS l;sldjkays b;sydih b;d wE;
w;S;hlg osj hhs' úisjk ishjfia udkjjdoh ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lsÍfïoS th
nqoaêh yd m%cd;ka;%jdoh keu;s úêl%uj,g wkqj hñka ukqIH;ajhg by<u
hym;la bgqlsÍu ms<sn| m%uqos; fiajdjla ms<sn| o¾Ykhla fia ksrEmKh
fõ'^Corliss Lamont; Humanism as a Philosophy;18.p.& ta wkqj meyeos,s jkafka
úisjk ishji jkúg udkjjdoh hkak lsishï Wmfhda.S;duh iajNdjhlska
ms<s.efkk njhs'
 Page |4

by; i|yka lrk ,oafoa udkjjdoh iïnkaOfhka bosßm;a jQ m%p,s; ks¾jpk

lsysmhls' fulS ks¾jpk ms<sn| ie,ls,af,ka úuid n,k ta ;=< u;=msg
iudk;djka wju jqj;a lsishï fmdÿ ixl,am lsysmhla jgd f.dKq ù we;s
wdldrhla meyeos,s fõ' tlS ixl,am my; mßos fm<.eiaúh yelsh'

 cSjk ffY,sh
 udkj we.hqï
 iodpdrh
 wêiajNdúl;ajfhka f;drùu
 úpdr Yla;sh fhdod.ekSu
 hq;=lï yd whs;sjdislï

fï wkqj meyeos,s jkafka udkjjdoh hkak ñksid iïnkaO wxYhka ms<sn|j

ie,ls,su;a jk tfukau ñksid uQ,sl m%ia;=;h fldg.;a wOHhk lafIa;%hla jk
njh' by; meyeos,s lr we;af;a fmdÿ w¾:fhka udkjjdoh hkq l=ulao hkak
ms<sn|jh' kuq;a od¾Yksl oDIaáfldaKhlska hula i,ld n,k úg o¾Ykhg
wdfõKsl ks¾Kdhl ;=<ska wod< lreK ms<sn| i,ld ne,sh hq;=h' ta wkqj
udkjjdoh hkq l=ulao@ hk .eg¨jg od¾Yksl w¾:fhka oshyels w¾:l:kh
l=ulao@ hkak úuid ne,Su jeo.;ah'

F.C.S. Shillerúiska udkjjdoh hkak úYaùh jQjla fia meyeos,s lrhs' ta ;=<
wka;¾.; úêl%uh úYaùh f,i Ndú; l< yelsh' ta wkqj wdpdrúoHdj" fi!kao¾h
úoHdj" i;aNjfõoh" foajO¾uh" {dkúNd.h fukau udkjhd iïnkaO ´kEu
l;sldjla i|yd wod< lr.; yelsh'^F.C.S. Shiller; Studies in Humanism;16.p.&
fuu woyi ;=<ska m%n, od¾Yksl me;slvla úoHudk flf¾' fuhska meyeos,s jk
wdldrhg o¾Ykfha WmúIh lafIa;%hka fia .efkk wdpdrúoHdj fi!kao¾h
úoHdj" i;aNjfõoh" foajO¾uh" {dkúNd.h hkdoS lafIa;%hka iu. udkjjdoh
iïnkaO jk nj b;du;a meyeos,sj .uH lr.; yelsh' ta wkqj udkjjdoh hkak
od¾Yksl me;slvla ;=<ska úuid ne,Su w;d¾lsl jQjla fkdfõ hehs ks.ukh l<
yelsh'
 Page |5

Corliss Lamont úiska ish“Studies in Humanism” keu;s lD;sfhys fmrjofkka

w¾: olajk udkjjdoh iïnkaO ir,u ks¾jpkh jkafka th udkj cSú;h
ms<sn| o¾Ykh jk njh' fuu woyi ;=<skao meyeos,s jkafka udkjjdoh hkq
meyeos,s o¾Ykhla jk njhs' ta wkqj Tyq od¾Yksl oDIaáfldaKhlska udkjjdoh
w¾: olajk w;r Tyqg wkqj udkjjdoh ms<sn| o¾Ykh iïnkaOfhka m%Odk
m%ia;=; 8la .uH lr.; yelsnj Tyq wjOdrKh lrhs'

1' úYajfõoh (Cosmology) iïnkaOfhka .;a l, udkjjdoh u.ska iajNdjO¾uh

wêiajNdúl;ajfhka(Supernaturals) iajdëk jQjla f,i jgyd.efka'

2' ñksid hkq urKh wNsnjd .sh meje;aulska f;dr wúfhdackSh YÍrhlska hqla;
mßKdñ; cSúfhls'

3' ukqIHhd hkq yqfola nqoaêh yd fud<h iu. muKla wka;¾l%shdldÍ jk" lsisÿ
ixlS¾K wfN!;sl cSj mod¾:hlska f;dr cSúfhls' Tyqg we;af;a nqoaêuh
l%shdldÍ;ajhla muKs'

4' udkjhdg iajlSh .eg¨ id¾:lj úi|d.ekSug Yla;sh yd yelshdj we;' ta

i|yd Wmldr wjYH jkafka nqoaêfhka yd úoHd;aul l%ufhka muKs' ta ;=<ska
ñksidf.a h:dN+; {dkh mq¿,a fõ'

5' udkjjdoh u.ska úYaùh jYfhka ms<s.efkk ffojh^Predestination&"

ksh;sjdoh^Determinism&" foajjdoh^Fatalism&" wdoS kHdhka m%;slafIam lrk w;r
ñksidg ;udf.au ffojh ilia lr.; yels nj;a Bg we;af;a nqoaêuh iSud
muKla nj;a ms<s.efka'

6' udkjjdoh u.ska ms<s.efkk iodpdrh jkafka ñksid úYaùh jYfhka ish¨
udkjhdf.a i;=g" ksoyi" oshqKqj" wd¾Ólh" ixialD;sl yd iodpdrd;aul oshqKqj
flfrys cd;s wd.ï j¾. wdoS lsisÿ fjkilska f;drj lghq;= lsÍuhs'

7' udkjhd úiska iqkoa r;ajh yd l,dj ms<sn| wjfndaOh yryd úYd, oshqKqjla ,o
yelsh' ndysr f,dalfha jákdlu wjfndaO lr.; hq;=h' fï u; fi!kao¾hd;aul
w;aoelSï udkj cSú;h ;=< me;sÍ mj;skakla f,i wjOdrKh fõ'
 Page |6

8' cd;sl yd cd;Hka;r jYfhka iuDoaêu;a wd¾Ólhlska hqla; m%cd;ka;%jdoS

iudchla we;s lsÍug lghq;= lsÍu'^Corliss Lamont; Humanism as a
Philosophy;19,20,21.p.&

fuu lreKq lsysmh ;=<ska udkjjdoh hkq l=ulao@ hkak od¾Yksl

m¾hdjf,dalkfhka jgyd.; yelsh' úfYaIfhkau udkjjdoh od¾Yksl
w¾:l:khla fyda wOHhk lafIa;%hla f,i m%Njh jkafka mqkreo hq.fhaoSh'
tuksid th mqkreo udkjjdoh(Renaissance Humanism) hkqfjkao y÷kajkq ,nhs'
óg wu;rj udkjjdofha úúO m%fNaohka mj;sk nj ñka .uHudk fõ' ta wkqj
kQ;k udkjjdoh" wdos udkjjdoh" idys;Hsl udkjjdoh" wd.ñl udkjjdoh"
l%sia;shdks udkjjdoh hkdoS jYfhka m%fNao fndfyduhls' kuq;a fuysoS uQ,sl
wjOdkh fhduqjkafka od¾Yksl oDIaáfldaKfhka udkjjdoh hkq l=ulao@ hkak
ms<sn|jh'

ta wkqj mqkreo hq.fhaoS fujeks od¾Yksl m%jK;djla we;sjkakg mdol jQ

miqìu l=ulao@ hkak jgyd.ekSu ;=<ska ienúkau udkjjdoh ìysjQfha wehs@ hk
ldrKho jgyd.; yelsh' mqkreo hq.h hkqfjka woyia jkafka uOH;k hq.h
tkï l%s' j' 3-4 yd l%s' j' 15 ishji w;r ld,hhs' ñka l%s'j' 15" 16" 17 ishjia
ye|skafjkafka mqkreo hq.h jYfhks' úfYaIfhka uOH;k hq.fhaoS mej;s
od¾Yksl fukau iudc m%jK;djka wNsnjd hñka kej; msìoSula we;sùu ir,j
mqkreoh jYfhka ie,fla' uOH;k hq.fhka miq ienE f,iu mqkreohg fukau
udkjjdohgo wjYH miqìu ks¾udKh ù mej;=Ks' uOH;k hq.fha mqoa.,hd mßêh
fj; ;,a¨ù hdu;a foúhka flakaøh njg m;aùu;a o¾Ykfha muKla fkdj
iudcfha nrm;, fÄojdplhla njg m;aúh' th yqfolau foaj flakaøSh o¾Ykhla
úh' ñksidg leue;af;ka fyda wlue;af;ka foajO¾uh úYajdi lsÍug isÿúh'
fuhska isÿjQ wksgq m%;sM,hla jkafka ñksidg ñksidj u.yeÍ hduhs' fuh
udkjjdofhys meyeos,s m%;smlaIh hehs w¾:oelaùu idjoH fkdfõ' fuu ;;ajfhka
mSvdjg m;ajQ hq.hla ;=< mqkreoh fukau udkjjdoh ìysùu keu;s ldrKh
hq.fha wjYH;djhls' ta wkqj ks.ukh l<yels ldrKhla jkafka fï wdldrfhka
 Page |7

meyeos,s jk mqkreoh jQ l,S foajO¾uh flakaøShj mej;s ft;sydisl jYfhka w÷re

hq.hla jQ ld,iSudjlg idfmalaIj jgyd.; hq;= njhs'

ta wkqj udkjjdoh ;=<ska .uH jk by; lreKq i,ld ne,sh hq;af;a

iuld,Sk o¾Ykhg idfmalI
a j fkdj uOH;k o¾Ykhg idfmalaIjh' udkjjdoh
fmdÿ w¾:fhka .;a;o od¾Yksl w¾:fhka .;a;o" wêiajNdúl;ajfhka f;drùu
uQ,sl ,laIKhls' ta wkqj wêiajNdúl;ajhg <eos nj udkjjdohg tfrys
,laIKhla hehs wNHqm.ukh l< yelsh' wêiajNdúl;ajh hkqfjka woyia
jkafka iajNdúl;ajh blaujd .sh m%mxphka flfrys we;s wNsk;Ndjhhs' fuh
uOH;k w¾:fhka .;a l, i¾jn,OdÍ foú flfkl= ms<sn| úYajdihhs' wfkla
w;g úYajdih muKla fkdj uOH;k o¾Ykfhys oelsh yels uQ,sl ,laIKhla
jkafka ñksid iy ñksidf.ka iukaú; iudch muKla fkdj iajNdjO¾uh mjd
i¾jn,OdÍ foúhkaf.a wKilg hg;a f,i ms<s.ekSuhs' úfYaIfhkau
l%sia;shdksfhys b.ekaùïj,g wkqj f,dalh fukau udkj j¾.hdo ujd we;af;a
foúhkajykafia úisks' wfkla w;g ueùu muKla fkdj f,dalfha meje;au
md,kh lrkafkao foúhkajykafia úisks' tmuKla fkdj f,dalfha wjidkh
fukau udkjhdg wjika úksYaph ,ndoS Tjqkaf.a urKska u;= cSú;h ;SrKh
lrkafkao foúhkajykafia úisks' fujeks mokula u; iSud iys; jQ udkj ksoyi
h<s W;amdokh lsÍug wjYH miqìu ks¾udKh lsÍfï m%jK;djla f,i
udkjjdoh fmkajdosh yelsh' udkjjdoh u.ska wêiajNdúl;ajh ;rfha m%;slafIam
lrkafka tneúks' wfkla w;g foajO¾uh m%;slafIam lsÍug mej;s oeä
wjYH;djh foajO¾uh muKla fkdj urKska u;= cSú;h" wd;auh ms<sn| wdl,amh
m%;slafIam lsÍu hkdoS ,laIK ;=<ska w;sYh meyeos,s fõ' ukaoh;a fulS ixl,am
foajjdofha uQ,sl uQ,O¾uhkah'

udkjjdoh ;=<ska wjOdrKh lrk ;j;a ldrKhla jkafka ñksidg urKska

u;= ;j;a meje;aula fkdue;s njhs' fuho foajO¾uhg tfrysj hdula fia
fmkajdosh yelsh' ukaoh;a ñksid iajlSh f,!lsl cSú;fha oshqKqj i,id .ekSug
miqng jk tla;rd idOlhla jkafka urKska u;= cSú;h ms<sn| we;s ixYhjdoS
wdl,amhhs' wd.ï úfõpkh lrñka ld,a udlaia m%ldY lrkafka ñksid urKska
u;= cSú;hla we;ehs lshd wd.u u.ska ñksid u;a njg m;a lrk njh' —wd.u
 Page |8

wìx˜ f,i Tyq olajkafka tneúks' udkjjdoh ;=< we;af;ao fujeks ms<s.ekSula
hehs is;sh yelsh' wfkla w;g fuh tla;rd wdldrhl WÉfPao oDIaáhla ia:dms;
lsÍug ork ,o W;aidyhla f,io fmkajdosh yelsh'

wfkla w;g udkjhdg we;af;a yqfola nqoaêu l%shdldÍ;ajhla muKla nj;a

lsisÿ ixlS¾K wfN!;sl cSj mod¾:hla fkdue;s nj;a wjOdrKh lsÍfuka meyeos,s
jkafka uOH;k foajO¾ufhys uQ,sl uQ,O¾uhla jQ wd;auh ms<sn| ms<s.ekSu
m%;slafIam lsÍfï wjYH;djhhs' ñksidf.a nqoaêuh mlaIh wjOdrKh lsÍug
W;aidy lsÍfï wjYH;dj" mqkreoh ld,iSudj ;=< isÿjQ nqoaêm%fndaO l%shdj,sh
n,md we;snj is;sh yelsh' ukaoh;a ful, uQ,sl l;sldj jQfha úoHd;aul l%uh
mokïlr.;a oekquhs' uOH;k hq.h ;=< úoHd;aul oekqug lsisÿ NjH;djla
mej;sfha ke;'

tfukau ñksidg iajlSh .eg¨ úi|d.ekSfï yelshdj we; hkafkka

wOHdydr f,i .uH jkafka ñksidf.a ish¨ lghq;= flfrys foajO¾ufha
ueosy;aùu j<lajd.ekSug udkjjdoSkag wjYH ù we;s njhs' wfkla w;g
wdpdrúoHd;aul w¾:fhka .;al, BIajr ksh;sjdoh u.ska udkj iajÉPkao;djh
m%;slafIam ùula uOH;k foajjdoh ;=< oelsh yelsh' ta wkqj mqkreo hq.fha
od¾Ykslhkag wjYH ù we;af;a foajjdofhka mSvdjg m;ajk ñksid bka
uqojd.ekSug hehs is;sh yelsh' wfkla w;g mqkreoh ;=< m%Odk wx.hla jkafka
úoHd;aul úma,jhhs' úoHd;aul u;jdohla fyda Bg mlaI jQ lD;shla fyda rpkd
lsÍu ;ykï jQ hq.hl mej;s mSä; ;;ajh u.yrjñka úma,jldÍ f,i we;sjQ
úoHd;aul wkdjrKhka fya;=fldgf.k úoHd;aul úma,jh osh;a úh' ta
fya;=fjka miqld,Skj ìysjQ iEu lafIa;%hlau úoHd;aul oDIaáfldKfhka
w¾:l:kh ùu uQ,sl ,laIKhla úh' ta wkqj tlS iajNdjh udkjjdoh ;=<o
olakg ,efnk nj udkjjdoh u.ska úoHd;aul {dkh yd úoHd;aul l%uh fukau
nqoaêjdoS úêl%uh wjOdrKh lsÍu ;=<ska meyeos,s fõ'

tfiau" ffojh" ksh;sjdoh" foajjdoh m%;alafIam lsÍu hkq Rcqju uOH;k

foajO¾uh m%;slafIam lsÍuls' wfkla w;g l%sia;shks iodpdrh jQ oimk; jeks
w;d¾lsl wdpdrO¾u ms<s.;a hq.hl Bg m%;smlaI jYfhka bosßm;a jQ wdpdrO¾óh
woyia f,i úYaùh jYfhka ish¨ udkjhdf.a i;=g" ksoyi" oshqKqj" wd¾Ólh"
 Page |9

ixialD;sl yd iodpdrd;aul oshqKqj flfrys cd;s wd.ï j¾. wdoS lsisÿ fjkilska
f;drj lghq;= lsÍu jeks lreKq wjOdrKh lsÍu fmkajdosh yelsh' ukaoh;a
tl, l%sia;shdksh je<|.ekSu wksjd¾h wjYH;djla jQ w;r wkHd.ñlhkag
i,lk ,oafoa hym;a wdldrfhka fkdfõ'

fï wkqj meyeos,s jkafka udkjjdoh hkak mqkreo hq.fhaoS ìysj we;af;a

hq.fha wjYH;djla fukau foajO¾uhg m%;smlaIhla jYfhka jk njhs' ukaoh;a
foajO¾uh fya;f
= jka udkj cSú;fha l;D;ajh udkjhdg wysñj mej;s w;r th
ukqIH j¾.hdg uy;a mSvdjlaj mej;s neúks'

fulS ú.%yh ;=<ska udkjjdoh hkq l=ulao@ hk .eg¨jg m%Yia: ms<s;=rela

bosßm;aj we;s nj mejish yelsh' fulS moku u; msysgd udkjjdoh iïnkaOj
my; i|yka wNHqm.ukhka fkdtfiakï Wml,amk lsysmhlg t<ôh yelsh'

1' udkjjdoh ;=<ska uQ,slj idlÉPd flfrkafka ñksid uQ,sl fyj;a

ñksid l;D fldg.;a lafIa;%hka ms<sn|jh'

2' udkjjdoh od¾Yksl l;sldjla f,i wdrïN jkafka ngysr f,dalfha

mqkreo hq.h ;=< jqjo udkjjdoS l;sld Bg ishjia fndfyda .Kklg fmr isgu
fmros. yd ngysr f,dalh ;=< osh;aj we;'

3' od¾Yksl l;sldjla jYfhka udkjjdoh ms<sn|j i,ld ne,SfïoS th

hq.hg idfmalaIj isÿjQ hq. fmr<shla fukau hq.fha wjYH;djla f,io fmkajdosh
yelsh' tkï fuh uOH;k foajjdohg m%;smlaIj bosßm;a jQ jdohla f,i
ifya;=lj meyeos,s l< yelsh' fjk;a f,ilska lsjfyd;a foajjdoh yd udkjjdoh
hkak tlsfklg m%;súreoaO wOHhk lafIa;% fia fmkajdosh yelsh' foajjdoh ;=<ska
udkjjdoho udkjjdoh ;=<ska foajjdoho m%;slafIam flf¾'

4' by; lreK bosßm;a l< mokñkau meyeos,s l<fyd;a udkjjdoh

u.ska foajjdofha fndfyda ixl,am úfõpkh lrñka m%;slafIam lrhs'

5' udkjjdoh uOH;k yd kQ;k hq.h w;r ld,h ;=< ìysjQ jeo.;au
od¾Yksl jHdmD;shla f,io fmkajdosh yelsh' óg fya;=j wfkl=;a iEu fN!;sl
yd wfN!;sl m%mxphlgu jvd ñksidg m%uqL;ajh ,eîu ksidh'
 P a g e | 10

6' tfukau foajO¾uhg m%;smlaIj bosßm;a jQ mqkreoh yd nqoaêm%fndaOh

hk úma,ùh ixisoaëkays w;=re M,hla f,io udkjjdoh fmkajdosh yelsh'
ukaoh;a udkjjdoh mqkreofha yd nqoaêm%fndaOfha ,laIK ksfhdackh lrk neúks'

7' mqkreoh yd nqoaêm%fndaOh u.ska úoHd;aul l%uh yd úoHd;aul l%uhg

wkq.; oekqu wjOdrKh lrhs' fuu lreK udkjjdoh flfryso Rcqju n,md
we;snj mejish yelsh'

8' mqkreoh ;=<ska ìysjQfha fN!;sljdoS oDIaáhls' fuu iajNdjh

udkjjdoh ;=<o tf,iskau olakg ,efí' h:d¾:h ms<sn| fN!;sljdoS oelau
wêiajNdjjdohka m%;slafIam lsÍu ;=<ska meyeos,s fõ'

9' udkjjdoh w;sYh mD:q, lafIa;%hla wdjrKh lrhs' lafIa;%h mq¿,a

ùug idfmalaIj iSudlï yd ixlS¾K;do Woa.; fõ' l%sia;shdkshg m%;smlaIj
ìysjQjd hehs is;sh yels udkjjdoh ;=< l%sia;shdks udkjjdoh jeks m%fNaohla
olakg ,efnkafka fujeks ixlS¾K;d ksidh'

10' udkjjdoh o¾Yk úIhg muKla fmdÿ jQjla fia .; fkdyel' th

w;sYh mD:q, lafIa;%hla wdjrKh lrhs' udkjjdoS w¾:fhka fndfyda lreKq
iïnkaOj idlÉPd l< yelsh'

udkjjdoh iïnkaOfhka by; i|yka Wml,amk fj; t<ôh yelsh'

wjika jYfhka mejish yelafla udkjjdoh hkq Rcqj w¾:oelaùu wmyiq ñksid
flakaølr.;a mq¿,a wOHhk lafIa;%hla jk njh' wfkla w;g fndfyda ndysr
lreKq wOHkh lrkq ,nk wOHhk lafIa;%hka mj;sk ;;ajhla ;=< udkj
j¾.hdg uQ,sl ia:dkh ,ndÿka wOHhk lafIa;%hlao mej;su w;sYh jeo.;ah'
ndysr f,dalh jgyd.ekSug fmr udkjhdg ;ud ms<sn| wjfndaO lr.ekSug fuu
jdoh WmldÍ jkq we;'
 P a g e | 11

wdY%s; .%ka: kdudj,sh

1' Blackham; H.J. ; Humanism ;Penguin Books Ltd; England; 1968.

2. Lamont; Corliss; Humanism as a Philosophy ; Philosophical library; New

York; 1949.

3. Shiller; F.C.S. Studies in Humanism; Mcmillan and Co. Ltd; London; 1907.

Web sites

1. https://americanhumanist.org

2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanism