Objective Mathematics Tangent at (%,») toy =f). y-y=2Q-» ay a ‘Normal at (x,y). ‘The normal at (x,y) being perpendicular 10 1 tangent (1) wil have its slope as ~ 3-7 and hence its equation is L Yoys- FR a-D (2) Geometrical meaning of dy/dx. From equation (1) we observe that dy/dr represents the slope of the tangent to the given curve y= f(x) at any point (x,y) . Be » Qeuny where ¥ is the angle which the tangent to the curve makes with +ive direction of x-axis. In case we are to find the tangent at any point Gy then ho te. the value of & at (21, y1) will represent the slope of the tangent and hence its equation in this case will be hion Gx) .B) Int Normal y—y, 1 (ds )ex,.¥)) Sipe of tangent =m, = 3% ors vale a sien poi Slope of Normal = fp sm ya wits ale ata given point. 6) Tangents and Normals 10 9° 2 Q < © G lenuay Condition for tangent to be parallel or perpendicular to x-axis : Ifa tangent is parallel to x-axis or normal is to x-axis, then m = so that dy/de =0. If the tangent is perpendicular to x-axis or ‘normal is parallel to x-axis, then m s+ dy/dz= eo oF its reciprocal dx/dy Parametric Form aoe, ae dt {If the equation of the curve be x=f(0.Y= 9, then Tangeatis y— 9 (=2 [x-F(0] e-f01 ‘Tangent is Ito x-axis if =0 ‘Tangent is 1 to x-axis if Normal is y-$() Partial Differentiation. (-x) fy or (X-a)f,+(¥-y)f,=0 a) or = (x-a) f,+ (yb) fy=0 at the point (a, b) @b @b auveX=2-¥=2 ‘Normal will be 2) iE t (2) or 224-2? atthe point (a, 6). fo Sy wy eb ‘Tangent isl to x-axis iff, =0 Itis Ltoxaxisiff,ross 2 10. Angle of intersection of two curves. By angle of intersection of two curves we mean the angle between the tangents to the two curves at their common point of intersection. Hence if @ be the acute angle between the tangents, then ctr flue of (dy/dx) at the common, point for Ist curve alue of (dy/dx) at the common point for 2nd curve. Condition for orthogonal intersection. ‘Two curves are said to cut orthogonally if the angle between them is aright angle ie, @=90 or 1+mym, or mym=-1 or (dy/ds)y(dy/dxyy=— 1 Condition for the two curves to touch, Ifthe two curves touch, then 8=0, Po) =m,=0 or m= (dy/ds),= (dy/aay, If the two curves be f(x,y) =0 and @ (x, ))=0 = alt tan = ery Condition for touching. : a e tan 0=0 Fe%~H%=0 fe_% ty % Condition to eut orthogosally. 0-90 2 tanO=e Lec hy%=0 Intercepts of tangent on the axes. Find the equation of the tangent. Put y= 0 and find the value ofx which wll fe or Objective Mathematics ofx. Then putx= 0 and find the value of y which will be intercept on y-axis. Length of tangent and normal. Length of tangent = PT, where P is the point of contact and T is the point where tangent meets the axis of x. Length of normal = PG where P is the point of ‘contact and G is the point where normal meets. the axis of x. From the figure y TSEM SN OX Fig.OD-11 ozs Pr PT=ycosec .Q) Fare ® PG=ysecy Now tan w = dy/dx=y’, say sec y=Vi+ tan y =V1+y* cose w= Vireo y Vay? fd) . preity? by (1) and (4) PG=yVity7 by 2) and (3). ‘Condition for a given line to touch a given curve. Let the line be a tangent to the given curve at (% 3) then write the equation of the tangent as Y—y=(dy/ds) (X-9). ‘Compare this with the given line aX + bY +e=0 and then eliminate x andy. Length of sub-tangent and sub-normal Subtangent = TM = y cot y=y + (dy/de) Subnormal=MG=y un y=y 2,Tangents and Normals L 5 7 1049 Problem Set (A) Equation of tangents and normals to given curves. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS For the curve x=?—1, y= ?— the tangent Tine is perpendicular to x-axis, where (@) 1=0 (b) t= © 113 @ t=-143 (@) The slope of the tangent to the curve x=?+31-8,y=2P 21-5 atthe point Q-Dis 2 @ 2 © -6 wm § @ None ofthese (MN. 1994) (b) Angle between the tangents to the curve y=x2=5x46 at the points (2,0) and CO) @ W/2 ) /6 (© 4 @ ws (AIEEE 2006) ‘The tangent of the curve y=2x*=x+1 is paralle to the line y= 3x-+9 at the point @ 9% ©) @-) ©@eD © 0.2 ‘The tangent tothe curve x7+y?—2x-3=0is parallel to x-axis at the point (@) @4%3) ©) (1,42) © @1,2 @ 3.0) “The points on the curve y=x?+ 5 at which the tangents are perpendicular tothe line x+3y=2 are @ G.I. 14) — @) (1,6)(1,4) © GNA-D) @) 1.614) ‘The equation of the tangent atthe point P (0), where 1 is any parameter, to the parabola yPadaxis (@) +ar () © ® ‘The tangent to a given curve is perpendicular to axis if a Be a @ a7? ) ant 10. rT 2 1B 14, 18, © F=0 a O% ‘Tangents to the folium of descartes x+y? =3aay at the point where it meets the parabola y? = ax are parallel to (@) x-axis (b) y-axis (©) y=x (@) none ‘The values of a for which y=x+ax+25 touches the axis of x are (@) £5 (0) £10 © £15 (@ none ‘The point on the curve y*=.x, the tangent at which makes an angle of 45° with -axis will be siven by @ (4) © (3) © as @ (3) (PE. Raj. 1992, 90) Ifthe tangent tothe curve x+y =€ be parallel toy-axis, then the point of contact is @ 4,0) ) ©) © (1.1 @ None Ifthe parametric equation ofa curve is given by x= cost, ye! sin then the tangent to the ‘curve atthe point #= /4 makes with the axis of xthe angle @o (b) n/4 () K/3 (Ad) 2/2 (Screening 1992) The slope of the tangent to the curve 43-8 y=2P—-21-5 at the point 2.- Dis @2 OF O68 @ nore (UPSEAT 1994, 99) The stsightlinex+ y=a willbe atangenttothe ellipse 29+ 2/16 = 1 ifa= @8 +5 ©.410 @ 26 (BLTS. 1992) ‘The curve y—e +.x=0 has a vertical tangent at the point @ a1) © @D (b)_ at no point @ G0) (Screening 1992)1050 16. W. 18, yw. 20, 2. “The point(s) on the curve y? +3 ‘the tangent is vertical, is (are) $2) 0 bVE.) © @% @ fe 2) (LLT. Sc. 2002) The tangent othe curve y= 2 tthe point (0, 1) meets the x-axis at (@) a) >) 2.0) © ©1720) @ None of these The equation of the tangent to the curve y= be“ at point where x= 0is (@) x/a-y/b=1 —(b) y/b-2/a=1 (©) x/a+y/b=1 — (@) None of these curve (2) +(2 The we T+ line 2 +'=2 atthe point (a,b) then the value ofnis 2y where 2 touches the straight @ 2 3 o4 @ any real umber (Kurukshetra 1993) ‘The line x/a-+y/b= 1 touches the curve y= be atthe point (@) (6/2) ©) a,b/a) ©) (@a/b) (@) None of these (CEE Delhi 1999) Equation of tangent tothe curve x= a cos? t, yrasin® rat’ is (@) xsect—ycosect=a ©) xsect+y cosect=a (©) xcosec 1+y cosee t= a (@ None of these ‘The equation of the tangent atthe point on the curve x=a (t+ sin), =a (I -cos iis (@) y=(r—at). tan (1/2) () y=G+ an) .tan(/2) © y=G=at).cot(t/2) (@) None of these “The tangent to the curve y=12-+3x will pass through the point (0,~9) if itis drawn at the point @ G18) ) (1.4) 2. 31. Objective Mathematics © 4,4) @ 3,0) If the tangent at P (1, 1) ony? =x (2-2)? meets the curve again at Q then the point Qis @ 1,2) © (PF (©) (4,4) (@) none of these The co-ordinates of the point on the curve 2743x+4 the tangent at which passes through the origin is equal to @) Q14),(-2,2) 6) @,14),-2,-2) (d) (2, 14) (2,2) (@) None of these (LT. 1990) Tangents are drawn to the curve x?y=1—y at the points where it is met by the curve ay=1—y. The point of intersection of these tangents is @ @-) ©) @1) © aD (@) none If the tangent at (1, 1) on y* =x (2—x)? meets the curve again at Pthen Pis @ 1,2) ) 4.4) : of) om If tangent at any point on the curve &= 1432 rakes an angle @ with tive direction ofx-axis, then @ Iran 01> 1 (© tano>1 () tan 10 () ASW (© -WsAsWF — @ None The number of points on the curve P2422 whore the tangents are ually inclined to the axes @1 2 ©4 None The point on the curve Vix + Vy = 2a” at which the tangent is equally inclined tothe axes is (@) (4a, 0) () 0,404 © @ay (@) NoneTangents ‘and Normals 2 33. 34, 36. 37. 39, If tangent to the curve x=ar’, y=2at is perpendicular to x-axis then its point of contact @ (a) &) @.a) © @0 @ 0.0) ‘The area of the triangle formed by the tangent to the curve y=8/(4+x7) at x=2 and the co-ordinate axes is (@) 28q. units ) 4 sq. units © 859. units @ 7/259, units ‘The value of n for which the area ofthe triangle formed by the axes of coordinates and any. tangent to the curve x"y = ais constants (@) 12 (b) 2 © 32 @1 ‘Any tangent at a point P(x,9) to the ellipse meets the coordinate axes in the points A and B such that the area of the triangle ‘OABis least, then the point Pis @ 08,0 © (0,Vi8) ©) (2,3) (@) none ‘The equation of the tangent to the curve y=2sinx+-sin 2x at x=1/3 is equal to (@) 2y=3N3 (b) y=3N3 (© 2+3V3=0 @ y+3N3=0 ‘The points on the curve. where the (=x) tangent is inclined at angle /4 to the x-axis (a) (©, 0), (3, = 3/2) ©) (,0),(-¥3, ¥32) © (,0),(03, 13/2) (@ None of these ‘The pint P on the curve 12 ® extna-L>* ae (0,2) has a a 2 Poot a (45) tangent parallel to y=1+5. Ifthe ordinate of 2 Pis then a= (@) 15° (b) 30° ©) 45° (4) 60° Co-ordinates of the point P on the curve y? = 2x, the tangent at which is perpendicular to the line 4x — 3y +2=O are given by (@) @4) (b) @,0) (©) (1/8,- 1/16) (@) None of these 40. a1 4s, “The points on the curve 4x2 — 992 at which is perpendicular to. the 5x42) 10=0is given by @ (2 © (8,21 © (iB, -2) (@) none If yade-5 is a tangent to the curve y= ax?+bat @, 3), then 2,b=7 2b=7 (LT. 1994) (@) If the tangent to the curve xy+ax+by=0at (1, 1) is inclined at an angle tan~' 2 to axis of x then (a,b) is equal to @ C1L-2 © 12) © (1-2) © 0.2 (©) A function y=/(2) has a second order derivative f” (2)=6(~ 1). If the graph ‘passes through the point (2, 1) and at this ‘point tangent to the graph is y= 3x1, thea function is @ @-1P &) G1? © GHP @ +P : (AIEEE 2004) The equations of the tangents to the curve from the point (2,0) not on the curve, are ‘The tangent and normal atthe point P (a? 2at) to the parabola y?=4ar mest the xaxis in T-and Grespectively, then the angle at which the tangent at P to the parabola is inclined to the tangent at P tothe crcl through 7, P, Gis (@ tant? (b) cot! © tar! @ cots ‘The equation of one ofthe tangents tothe curve y=cos (x+y), —2n SxS 2n that is parallel to the line x+2y =0, i @ xe2y=11052 46, 41. 49. 50, sh. 52, 53, (© x#2y=n/4 (A) None of these All points on the uve =4ax+ asin }a which the tangents are parallel tothe axis of x, lieona (@ Circle (6) Parabola © Line (@ None of these ‘The points of contact ofthe tangents drawn from the origin tothe curve y =sin x lie on the curve @ P-~exy ) P+y¥ary © 2-~=7y — (A) None of these ‘The angle which the perpendicular from the ‘origin on the tangent makes with the x-axis for the curve whose parameteric equations are x=asin® 0, y=acos Bis, (@) 82) @ ©) 28d) none Ifpy and p,be the lengths of perpendicular from the origin on the tangent and normal tothe curve P49 2 respectively, then 4p? +p} = (@) 4a? (b) 2a? @) a? ~—@) none The curve y=ar?+bx*+cx+5 touches the x-axis at P (~ 2, 0) and cuts the y-axis at a point OQ where its gradient is 3. Then a, b, c are 13 @ 3b) 3,-$,-3 © -}.-73 @) none (1-1. 1994) The curve y=ar* + bx? + cxisincined at 45°10 x-axis at (0, 0) but it touches x-axis at (1,0), then (a,b, c)is @) (1,-2.1) © C210 ©) (1,2) @ C120) (CELT. Haryana 2000) the tangent tthe point P (a? ar} onthe curve ay? =x? meets the curve again at Q whose para- meter is f then f = @% O-- OO @-2 ‘A curve is given by the equations x=sec? 0, y=cot0. If the tangent at P where O= 1/4 ‘meets the curve again at Q, then length PQ = @) VIE & 3A © FVI5 @ none Ifthe ineax+ by + ¢= Oisanormal othe curve ay= Iuthen (@) a>0,b>0 &) 4>0,6<0 s1. 9. oa, 0, Objective Mathematics © a<0,b>0 (©) None of these (LLT. 1996; CEE Delhi 1997) ‘The normal to a given curve is parallel to x-axis @ 4<0,b<0 ‘The normal at the point (I, 1) on the curve. dy=3-2is (@) xty= (b) x+y+1=0 © x-y+1=0 @) x-y= ‘The normal to the curve x= a (cos 0+ sin 6), y=a (sin @ ~ @ cos 6) at any 0 is such that (a) it makes a constant angle with x-axis (b) itpasses through the origin (© itis ata constant distance from the origin @ none of these (AIEEE 2005) ‘The equation to the normal to the curve y=sin x at(0,0)is, (Karnataka 1993) Equation of normal to the curve y=sin x at (,0)is @ x+ () xtyte © x-y=n @ x-y+n=0 Equation of normal to the curve yextsinxc0s xatx=1/2is, @ x= © © x+n=0 @ ‘The normal to the curve x=a(I+cos®), =a sin Oat ‘6 always passes through the fixed point 1 @ (@a) ©) @0) © Oa) (@) none of these (AIEEE 2004) ‘The equation of the normal to the curve y(€—2) @—3) —x+7= Oat the point where it cuts the x-axis is (@) x=20y=7 —(b) 20r-y=7 (©) 20x+y=140 @) 20r-y=140 Equation of normal to the curve y= x (2 —x) at the point (2, 0) is (@ x-2y=2 (b) 2e+y=4Tangents and Normals 67. (©) x-2y42=0 — @) None ofthese (PE.T. Raj. 1992) If the normal to the curve y=f(2) at the point (3,4) makes an angle 32/4 with the positive axis, then f’3)= @-1 &-2 @§F @i (LLT. Se. 2000) (@) Trepointon the curve where the normal the curve 9)?=.° makes equa intercepts wth the axes i @ (45 & (-4.3 © 4-3) (@ none (Roorkee 1993; M.N.R. 1998) (b)_ The values of parameter ‘a’ so that the line G-a)x+ay+ar— is a normal to the curve xy= 1 is/are @ B=) ®) C=.0) © @.3) @ none If PG, and PG be the normals to the curves y? = 4ax and ay? = 42° at a common point other than origin meeting x-axis in G, and G, then GG= (@ 2a) 4a (©) 6a (@) none ‘The abscissa of the point on the curve ay*= 2, the normal at which cuts off equal interepts from the axes is (@ 2a (b) 4a!9 (©) 3a (@) none The normal at any point P (ct, ¢/#)0n the curve ay=c? meets the curve at @ (et,¢/t), then 4s @ -t ® VP © -18 (@) none ‘Accurve C has the property that if the tangent drawn at any point P on C meets the co-ordinate axes at A and B, then P is the mid-point of AB ‘The curve passes through the point (1, 1) . The equation of the curve is L 6 1053 @ y= @2 (b) y?=2r- @ none 2-1 TRUE AND FALSE Normal to 2° +? =a? is of the form y=eos 0=.xsin @=a.cos 20 where @ is the angle which the normal makes ‘with the axis of x. ‘Normal to the parabola y?= 4ax is of the form y= mx— 2am — am? where mis the slope of the tangent. ‘Tangent to the parabola y? = 4ax is of the form ms+a/m where m is the slope of the tangent ‘The normal «tthe. curve 535-100 +x4+2y+6=0 at P(0,~3) meets the curve again at two points at which equation of tangents tothe curve are same. (Roorkee 1892) ‘The angle between the tangents at any point P and the lin joining P to the origin Ois the same at all points of the curve log (+9?) = tan! (y/2). ‘The equation of the tangent tothe curve (e- 1) e+) js FEED whore x=0,iny = 128 FILL IN THE BLANKS “The point on the curve 2°+y?= 3axy at which thetangent is parallel to a-axis given by Let C be the curve y*~3xy+2=0. If H be the set of points on the curve C, where tangent is horizontal and Vis the set of points on the curve CC where the tangent is vertical, then H = Ve (LT. 1994) ‘The tangent to the curve y=4 —x° at a point P is parallel to the chord connecting the points. A (2,0) and B (1,3). Then the co-ordinates of Pare. Answers to Problem Set (A) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1 @ 1 © 2.(a) 8. (b) ©) @ 9. (b) 3 @ 10. (@) 4 © iL. (@ 5 @) 2 @. 6 (@) 13. (b)1054 Objective Mathematics 14, (b) 18. 16. (d) 17. (©) 18. (c) 19% (d) 20. (a) 1 20 Bead AO BW WO) 2% © 28. (d) 29. () 30. (a) 31. (c) 32. (@) 33. (b) 34. d) 3.6) 3% @ 32d B@ BO MMW 4. @ 2090 O@ 89 4 4&0 46 47 @) 4) (©) 5) = LG) — SAH) SH) SH. (HO) 55. (©) 56. (d) 57. ©) 58. (c) 59, (0) 0. (@) 61. (b) 26 B® &@ BA @) OW @) 60 6 & ao 8 @ ‘TRUE AND FALSE LT 27 aT 47 8.7 OF FILL IN THE BLANKS 1 24420) 2 H=oV=(1) 4y=l + (4) Hints/Solutions to Problem Set (A) MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1 Ans.(@). ‘Tangent is perpendicular to x-axis if by (3) P, 1047. 2028 2 @ Ans.) 1'=2 forthe point (2,~ 1) 4, 2 8 torts des D3 7? @) Ans. (0) Bare-5=- 102, 0)and=186,0) Clearly myn =~ 1 and hence the tangents are perpendicular «. @= 1/2 3. Ans. (0). Wetne Badr 12 Sastngenspato Slope of given line is ~1/3 and’hence of perpendicular tangent ic 3 ye ae ‘and hence y= 6 and 4 respectively 6 Ans. (a). yotare tema) 1 Atte points where the curve meets *= dy =) «and hence tangent is vatve of S22 =m and hence tangent js or parallel to y-axis ee oasungettsaci et or xe-a/2, a yet taxt25= asi les on x-axis. 10. Ans. (@). Benn Bananas?nD 2B. 14. 18. 16. Ihe tangents parallel to y-axis then $= oF fy=0ie. 1-2 .x=0 or 1-x(e+y)=0 Above relation is satisfied by x= 1,y Ans. (0). ae ax ¢ (sin t + cos #) ce! (cos t~sin 1) nce tangents perpendicular ans Ans.0). dy 3 ate are a3 0) For (2,~1),?-3¢-8=2 or P+3¢-10=0 ee (t+5)@-2) and 2° 21~5=-1 or P-1-2=0 (4+ D¢-2) Hence for (2,~ 1),42 (common vale) B82 we Ans. (6). If the given line isa tangent to ellipse it wil cut it in two coincident points. Eliminating y, we get 257 —18ax+9 (2-16) =0 Boaace or 18x 18a —4x25x9(@-16)=0 16a*=400 or a=t5 Ans.(@. ytx=e” fi ah atr=n/4, At A) =h20 1-xe%=0 or 1-x(x+y)=Oby 1) Itis satisfied by (1,0). Ans. (4). fy) = +32 - 12y=0 4 ‘Slope of tangent is: pcan iee i anid 17. 18, wv. 20, 21, 1055 ide angen veri Sa = ad on yes? y==2 is ruled out as it makes? negative, Hence y=? xed Ans. (©). Tangent, y— =2r, Heme wars Lean Ans. (©). Point is (0,6). 2 c+ Tangentis y-b or bx+ay=2ab @-a) on F42n2fortlvaes ot, Ans. (d) Let the point be (p, 4) = ber?/8 a) sit lies on the given curve. ay Hence the angentisy -a=—2(0-p) La nk ak sete ama or 2422142 Giga! Comparing with £42 gzbanbieBat 2 peo Hence the point of contact is (0, b). Ans. (b).1056 or xsint+y cost a sin £c0s ¢ (cos? ¢+ sin* 1) Now divide by sin tos . 2 asateeee dx a(l+cos) 2 ya (1 = cos 1) = tan (72) fx—a(¢+ sin] or y—a,2 sin? (/2) =(x~at) tan (1/2) = 2a sin? (4/2) or y=(x-ar) tan (1/2) + (3,0) and G, 18) From any point two tangents can be drawn tothe parabola and hence we have two points of contact. 24, Ans. (6). a! zat Tangent is y~1=—4 (2-1) or 2y=3-x Solving with *= x 2x7 =x(2-x) [Putting the value of y] 2 or 40172 +22x- (= 1) 4? = 13x49) 0 D&D Gr-9 Hence @is(2+2 is forthe point P at which tangents drawn, 25, Ans. (a). yast+3n+4 ol) Objective Mathematics Tangent is ¥—y=(2x+3)(X—3) Itpasses through (0, 0) ce ysxQe+3) 4 WP +3ea243rt4 s ¥2,-2;y= 14, 2respectively. | Ans. (b). . *y Solving we have #y wyG-)=0 8 1 x20, y=1 OD, y=0> Ato? 2152 * & eel en -(2) (B)acte(Ev Hence (wo tangents ae y=1 and Poy-200. Tey ees.) 1. Ans. (c). Paden 4e ee Batts? L4G, Equon ofngantisy 1 =—4¢e=1 oe 4290. Soing wth tegen ‘curve, we get L+lxP221x1by AM.2GM. 2ial ey 1+lxP Ans. ©), m=% 230-22 -2ae+ L=tive ‘Now a quadratic expression has the same sign as that ofthe Ist term 3 ie. + iveif ASO, or 422-1250 or 4(A+N3)A-¥3) 50‘Tangents and Normals ~Wsasv3. 30. Ans. (a) def," yi WAL in ao oy. Also? +99? = a? 2x¥2 =a¥? of 0=a'/? (not possible) x =y. Hence only one point. Pa oi 31. Ans.(¢). Proceed asin last question 32. Ans. (@), + &=O,0) 33, or xt2y=4 Its intercepts on the axes are a=4, Equation of tangent is Y-. ~ Ras) 35. Ans, (c) 1057 ‘Any point on the ellipse is (acos 8, b sin 8) a 6 Its in fon the axes are —2— and Its intercepts on the egy anaca ct’ 0134.04.08 ab cos 8. sin Sin 26 It will be least when sin 20 is greatest so that 5 26 5 her “4 pb} bE) Ans. (a). x 33 dy xa Zineny=32, 2-0 1 MBeofet Ans. (a), (b). 142 on aaa 2 L4Pe1-22+x4 or 2 ¢7-3)=0 ae N3,-V3. 3 3 Fp respectively. = Slope of tangent is 1 DB vtena—* sec? ota J sect ay 2 x= (tana 1) 1? cos? and y=" (given) Put the value of x and y in given equation 1s = yexfma-t5 4] aw [ 2 Peo al (ana) PeoP aan a3 cane] cana 02a 2 = cos? at. (tan® a= 1) = sin? cos? a. mgt)1058 2 60? => (A), atonyssae (0d 2 cxastonyae 04) = asf Ans. (c). Shope of rennet 3 3B. w 0 ence reject Now = at 0,0) and hence rejected * Required poimis (5 i) Ans. (d) Slope of given line is ~ and hence Be dr Tay 9y is2=%. slope of tangent is 2 =22 = Saf 242 x Solving with the curve we have 9x36_ (9 429100 2 arp op P= 22350 (2 ee no such point exists. 41. Ans. (a). 3a? a3 ata 08 2,3 Aso (2,3) lies on the curve 2 Batb=9 2 b=H7 4 @ Ans. (11 ies on the curve 2 atb+l=0 a me 233), (14a) +21 +8) =0 or a+2b+3=0 02) Solving (1) and (2), we get a 43. Objective Mathematics (b) Ans. (a) y=£(a) has a second order derivative of Ist ‘degree and hence it must be a cubic. 8 f@=artbt tata w(t) f' @)=3a + 2bx+c=3at (2,1) 2) f°) + (x-1) Q) ‘Comparing a =1,2b=-6 = b=-3 4) From (2) we have 3a (4) + 2b (2)+¢ 12(1)+4(-3)+c= ‘Again be point, es on a+ 4b+2e+d .144(-3)42.340 fQy=0 = 32 43x-1= (2-1) Ans. (a) and (c). Lette point of contact be (h,k) where “ A) Tangent is y~k = 40° (x—h) (2) Ie passes through (2, 0) k= 48 Q-) or = h*= 81-418 by (I) or 3h*— 8h? 2 he Qor8/3 k=00r(8/3)* s+ Points are (0,0) and [8/3, (8/3)*] Putting in (2), tangents are ysOandy ‘Ans. (0. Tpis y=xtar a) Npis y==0n+ 2artar. Both meet x-axisie.y=Oin T(-ar,0), GQa+at,0) Circle through 7; P, G, where TP and GP are L boeing tangent and normal, is a circle on TG as diameter . (etaP) (e-2a~aP)+y2=0 2 4y?—2ax- a? Qatar) =0 Tpto circle aay + yy a etx) — af? a+ aP)=0 Slope of tangent ~ y ‘Also from (1), slope of tangent to parabola is 1/tTangents and Normals 47. Vs O=tan"" Ans. (b) Ba sin(xty). U4 dy/es) ay Since the tangent is parallel to x+2y=0 1 a ing in therefore & = slope =~. Putting in (1) (e+ y= 1 sin (x/2), cos (x+y) =0 y= 005 (+9) 0 sin (x+y) =1 = sinx Eas amex BB as-2ncxcie Hence the points are [(~ 3x)/2, 0] and {n/2, 0] ‘where the tangents are parallel to the line x+2y=0, <, The equations of tangents are: 5 (x43n/2) and y-0=-3 (x-1/2) or x+2y+3n/2=0 and x+2y—n/2=0 = @. Ans. (b). y= 4a [x+a sin (x/a)] Al) 2y. dy/de = 4a [1 + 608 (%/@)] @ If the tangent is to be parallel to x-axis then dy/de=0 Hence from (2), we get cos (x/a) =: 2 sin(x/a)=0 Putting in (1), we get y or yP=dax Hence all such points tangent at which are parallel to x-axis will Iie onthe parabola P= dar. Ans. (6). Let the tangent be drawn at the point (x). Its equation is es 1a(x+0) But y=sinx Y-y=o0s x (X—2). Since it passes through (0, 0), 48, 49, s1. 1059 or % cos xand y=sinx 2 BaP ccod ee six or yterytaP or Paster Hence the points of contat le on P-y~erYe = © ‘Ans. (b). Bab slope ofthe tangent cot 8. Hence slope of aline through origin and perpen- dicular to the tangent is= tan @ as mymy == 1 Therefore it makes an angle @ with x-axis. ‘Ans. (€) ‘Take the parametric equation as x=asin 0,y=acos? @ Tangent is x cos 8-+y sin @= (a/2) sin 20. Normal is ycos 6 -x sin @= aos 20 acos 20 (cos? 6 + sin? @) 2 ph + ph=a2 (sin? 20+ 008? 26) =a? Ans. (a). Cuts y-axis (c= 0) at (0,5) at which 2 =3 or 3ax*+2bx+c=3 at (0, 5) e=3 Amin 2-00 (2,0) arouse ass 12a-40+e=0 or 12a-46+3=0 Q) Also P lies on the curve ~8a+4b—2e+ or -8a4+4b— @) Solving (2) and (3), we get a Ans. (a). Baga? + 26+ c= tan ds" = Lat1060 $a (.0)~2042b+e=Osssassstnget ot2be1=0 vent Glealy (1-2) for (a) sates Sorabeaea Hence (a, b, ¢) is (1,2, 1). ‘52, Ans. (b). Thetmgetatisy-a? «Zeenat. It meets the curve again at the point Q whose Parameter is ¢. -. Q (at, af?) lies on (1) S a@-P)=Xa@?-A) (atte?) 2=30(¢4 Nast et 6 Waw-P=0 of (f-)Qr+)=0 fa 53. Ans. (b) ak acng 2 ‘Also the point P for © = n/4 is (2 1) -2) fies) cot? O=~> at =F Tp=y-1 or r42y-4=0 2) This meets the curve whose cartesian equation oon eliminating @ oy sec” 0 — tan? 0. +2) Solving (1) and (2), we get y A x22,5 1 2 Hence Pis (2, ‘as givenand i (5, a Poe S AE 54, Ans. (b),(c)- 2. Slope of normal =? Itar+by+ =-b/a is normal, then its slope a cbePetie o ‘Le. and b are of opposite signs. $5. Ans.(0). -E7R= 56. Ani. (A) = 57. Ans. (c) dx/d0=—a sin 8 + a8 cos +a sin ® 0.cos 0 cos 8 ~a cos 0+ a8 sin @ 20 sin 8 16-1) ay/d , 2, 3_H88, 2 Bak a 88 « sope of tangent Slope of normal =~ £258 ss Normalis [y-(@ sin 0 a8 cos 69) [e-(acos 8 + a8 sin 6)) or ysinO+xcos 0=a (cos? 0+ sin? 0)=a Its distance from the origin is clearly Nicos? 0+ sin® 0) ‘58, Ans. (c). 59. Ans. (c). 60, Ans. (d). '=ai.e. constant Slope of normal is 2 Yt oe 77) 61, Ans. (b) ‘The equation of the normal is easily found as xsin@~y cos @=asin@ It clearly passes through the point (a, 0) 62. Ans. (0) Point (7,0) _yQe-3)=1_ (2-3) 20 at 7,0) ac ‘Slope of normal is ~ 20 and its equation is 20-7) 63. Ans. (a). y =2-2x=~2at(2,0)Tangents and Normals 67. yeoet@-2) xotyed Ans. (d). Slope of the normal at (3,4) is the value of Vf’ @)atx=3. eee oe FO (4 (a) Ans. (a), (©). “10 18y%=3x. Since normal makes equal imercepts on the ~— axes hag Be ~ara*! eae 6 ED=2 of 6-0 or 48aste0 va? edy=889 therefore (e=Oisexcaed ws becomes 220) (b) Ans. (a), (6). ia— 7 Hence slope of the normal is which is +ive V_ xe R. But slope of 3a normal is given to be or (a-0) (a~3) <0 or a>3 ae (-=,0) of aeB,~) Ans. (0) ‘Common points (a, 2a). Normals are y-2a=-1 (xa) and y-2a=-4(.-a) Putting y=0, we get ihe points G (3a, 0) and (7a, 0) GiG,=4a Ans. (b). Since the normal makes equal intercepts on the axes its inclination to axis of x is either 45° or 135°. In other words its slope is tan 45° or tan 135° or 1, ~1. 1061 #1 or Aaytnont or 4a. =9x* x=4a/9 Ans. (©). Equation of normal at P (ct, ¢/f) can be written asy—Pr=£—cP. Let it meet the curve agsin at Qsay (ct,,¢/t) e - LA ey af ne? = HH i i Pn) Th 2 oor n=-d is mid-point of AB xy ayo deax-y/% and 2y=y-2 224 from ether 2% fromeithes or xdy+y dr Integrating xy or di/x+dy/y=0 It passes through (1, 1). x= Lis the required equation of the curve. TRUE AND FALSE Ans. Tre. Pay ad? yk es ya Bp ana ++ Slope of the normal is x'73/y/3 = tan @ (given) (itis given that normal makes an angle @ with axis) 28 YO f 28498 7 sin "cos 8” [sin?@ + cos? 6 . bya xeasin? 6,y=a0os? 8, Hence the normal whose slope is tan 8 is given by1062 ya .cos? @ = (sin 8/cos 8) (xa sin’ @) or ycos@~xsin@=acos 20 2 Ans. Tre. ofattat ag a Heac tn corma who leis m wiles point (a, ~ 2am) s thats equation is ‘Therefore x =: y+ 2am =m (x— am?) or y=mx—2am—am> 3. Ans. True. Slope of the tangent y? = dax is Hence the tangent whose slope is m will beat the vin) ind hence its equation is, y-Benfen8) oc yomes 4. Ans. Tie. 55102 +x429+6=0 2 St 302+142 a a2 Slope of soma 2 Its equation is y+ 0) ory=2x-3 Solving withthe given equation, we get 58— 108 +24 4x-6+6=0 or Sx(xe4- 27 +1) 527-1? =0 Yen3-1-5 *+ Other points are (1,—1), being P. ‘Tangent at both these other points are easily seen tobe $20,003 atP x=0,1-1 5); @.-3) Objective Mathematics y+l=2Q+1) and y+5=2G+1) or y=2x—3ie. same. Fig. OD-12 tog (+32) =k tan”! 7/2) a ax wal a) a ‘The tangent makes an angle y with x-axis, then = tan y= 2 2) Let OP where P is (x, ) make an angle 0 with -eeaxis, then tan 0=y/x If cre the angle between the tangent and OP, then a= y-6 an ~ 9) = tan O fanaa (YO =7 yan tan 6 dy a7 ax or 2 yay xty® dr ax=tan”! (2/8) Le. constant 6 Ans. False.Tangents and Normals s. FILL IN THE BLANKS Ans. 2179 a, 27 a). IE the tangent isto be parallel to x-axis, then dy te, ay) dx fy OP -an) Solving with the given curve, we get B+ (/0) 3x2 = or (8-207) =0 Nowy=x%/a y=0.20 Hence th required points are (0,0) 274,27 a) 3 1063, but fr 0,0) $229 nteminte. Hece the required point isthe other point. Ans. H= 6, V=(1,1) H=o, Ain and solving with C, we get xy=1 or 1 yehx=l 1s ans. ( 2 ¥ ae Vis(1. 0. Problem Set (B) Angle of intersection of two curves, length of tangent, normal, sub-tangent, sub-normal and intercepts on the axes. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS The curve x? —377+2=0and 3x7y-y -2=0 cut at an angle of (@) 45° (b) 60°) 90” @) 30° (AIREE 2002) ‘The angle of intersection of the curves y= 7, 6y=7-2 at(t, 1Dis @ 14 © 3 © v2 (@ None (CEE. Andhra 1992) ‘The curves y=x ++ 1, 2y=47+ Sx at (1,3) (@)_ touching each other (intersecting orthogonally (©) not intersecting (@ None of these ‘The angle at which the curve y = me™ intersects the y-axisis (a) cot"! (m?) (b) tan“! (mn?) (© sin re @ sect Vient The curves ar?+ by? interset orthogonally if and d+ by? 2 (@ Va-1/b= fal V al + VE b+ 1/6) (@ None of these 2 Ite curves 42 1 and y= 1c imerset at right angles then a” = 1 2 4 @t ©} Of © no ‘The curves y=¢"* sin brandy =e" touch at the points for which bx = x x @) anne (b) nn © dnn+t (@) none ‘Angle of intersectionof the curves =4~ and yeris E 14 @ § © wa" (§) @ 82 None ‘The angle between the curves y= x and x? = y au(l. Dis © tao (3) @) tan ()106 10. i 2, B. 4 15. 16. W. wv. © 4° ‘Angle of intersection of the curve x2 = 32y and y= 4xeat the point (16, 8) is (@) 60° © 90° © tan”! (4/3) @ tan”! (3/5) If the curves »? = 16x and 9x7 + by? =16 cut ceach other at right angles, then the value of bis @2 4 © 9/2 @) None Ifthe twocurves y= a* and y= B* intersect at an angle a, then tan ccequals @) 90° (@ lea=logb — @) lopa+togb © [+ log alogb 1 ~loga log 5 cy oR =H0Rb (4) none of these © Tekgac kegs | none of thes ut of the four curves given below choose the curve which intersects the parabola y? = dax orthogonally @ P+ =a oy © ysax (d) 7 =4ay ‘The length of sub-normal to the parabola y? = dar at any pointis equal 10 (@) Yea () 22a (©) Gy @) 22 a Tf at any point (x, y) on @ curve subtangent and subnormal are of equal length, then the length of the tangent is @ Wy &) By © y — @ none ‘The length of sub-tangent othe curve Ales Wy=3 atthe point (4, 1 @2 Of ©-3 OF ‘The length of the subtangent to the curve Paxyty?=Tat(1,—3)is @ 3 ) 5 @ 15 @) 5 (Karnataka 1993) ‘The length of the normal at ‘fon the curve =a ((+sin 1), y=a(1~cos is (®) asint (b) 2a sin? (4/2) see (t/2) (©) 2asin (1/2) tan (/2) (@) 2asin (/2) (EAMCET 1991) ‘The length ofthe normal tothe curve x=a(¢+sin), y=a(I cos), att=n/2is, 21, 2, 28, Objective Mathematics @ %2 War }ar Mar Sum of squares of intercep's made on co-ordinate axes by the tangents tothe curve PO 4yAaPig @ F230) 4a? (P.E.T. Raj. 1990) ‘The portion of the tangent to the curve P3423 wo? when is intercepted between the aes is of length. @a 2% © 3a Ata point (a/8,a/8) on 3 4yI8 (@) none the curve V3 (q> 0) tangent is drawn. If the portion of the tangent intercepted between the axes be of length ¥2, then a= @1 2 @©4 @8 Inthe curve x= a [c0s t+ log tan (t/2)], =a sin the portion of thetangent between the point of contact and the x-axis is of length (@ 20 wa () a (@ none The triangle formed by the tangent tothe curve F)=2+bx-b at the point (1, 1) and the ‘co-ordinate axes, lies in the frst quadrant. I its area is 2, then the value of dis @-1 3 ©-3 @1 (LET. Se. 2001) ‘The length of the normal at @ on the curve x=a0c0s? 8, y=asin® Ois (@ asin?o (b) asin? tan (©) asin? Ocos® — (4) asin 6 tan@ ‘The length of the normal fo the curve at (x, 9) wal te y=a| —> ) san ri ara Qn Og On. Ob, The value of mn for which the length of the "* is constant If the tangent at P on the curve x"y"=d"*”" meets the co-ordinates axes at A and B, then AP: PB= @) min ©) = min (b) aim @) -nm‘Tangents and Normals 29. For the parabola y*=4ax, the ratio of the subtangent tothe abscissa is @ 41:1 @ 2:1 (© xy @ #:y (EAMCET 1994) The tangent at any point on the curve at+yted! cuts off intercepts p and q on the ‘ordinate pag? axes then is equal to the value @) ©? () a? © a? @) none TRUE AND FALSE Angle of intersection of the following curves LP tyPad2,2-y~ aa isn/s, 2. xysa?,x? +y'= 2d is 0c. the touch, of 4 5. @ a 1085 yav 627 sis tan !7, For the curve y= ‘The intercept between the axes on the tangent at any points bisected at the point of contact. ‘The tangent at any point makes with co-ordinate axes atriangle of constant area, (LLT, 1991) In the curve x" =a", mth power of subtangent varies as the nth power of the sub-normal FILL IN THE BLANKS If xj,y1 be the parts of the axes intercepted by the tangent at any point (x, on the curve EP GPs Fhe ee Answers to Problem Set (B) 4 a. 18, 28, 4 @) © © ©) 5. (a) 6 © 7. @ R@® Bo 4 @ 19. (b) 20. (@) 2. (a) 2%) 2 BC 5.7 67 Hints/Solutions to Problem Set (B) 3. 16x, 22 +y?=4 is 2/2, MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS L© 2@ 3. @) &z@ %%) 1 @ 5 6@ 20 2OQ BO 2% © 29.0) 30. @) ‘TRUE AND FALSE LT 2T 327 FILL IN THE BLANKS Li MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS L Hence the curves cut orthogonally. 2 Ans. (©) -1/2), sym =~ Lat (1, 1) 3. Ans. (a). sn4.t0,3 orb ces 1 mn? with x-axis, Tangent makes an angle of tan” Hence it makes an angle of (9/2) - tan"! m? = cot"! (m?) with y-axis. Ans. (a). art by=lar+byat1086 6 1 Ifthe curves cut orthogonally, then mm (_axy(_ ax) ad? + bby? = or CBI Gy)rnh oe a +b ~ We have now to put the values of 2 and y* corresponding tothe points of intersection of ae+be-1=0, dP+by-1=0 xy 1 a-d “a -ab Putting the values of x? and y* in (1) 1 WH), yy f= 2) aay ab SO ay ab? Ans. (a) yee sin bx yo ‘The two curves meet atthe points where sin bx = 1 =sin (n/2) br=n/2 or 2nn+n/2 ince sinbx=1 2. cosbr=0 vo (el sae" + be“ cos bu = a) by@) by (2) (2 “eh 10, uM 2B Ty 1s. Objective Mathematics Hence the two curves touch at the points given by) ‘Ans.(c). The curves meet at (V2, 2) and slopes ‘of the tangents are 22, - 2V2. At the points (1,1). tm =2,m Ans. (8). Atthe point (16,8). m=tm=t fe te Since te curve cuts aright angle mms or by'=72x orb [16x] = 72x either x= 0005 =2 18x 2by 16 Ans. (6). m 234m =— But when x=0, y=0 from y*= 16x but this, point does not satisfy 9x7-+ by? = 16, 22 Hence b= Ans. (a). For point of intersection a = bt = Jrsne m= 2a 0.1) 1 =a log a at (0, 1) =loga my-m T+mym, for parabola Similarly my =log b +. tan a=: =@) S40 2a. Ans. (6). my mym,= 1. Hence the parabola intersects the ccurve given in (b) orthogonally Ans. (@. S.N-ayy=y- 2820 Ans. (b). Given yy’ =Tangents and Normals 1067 3 sec?! tan (72) “°° 3 Length of tangent is 2 Vi +y7 = Y2y 23. Ans. (b) ima[-sines 16. Ans. (2). na[-snee se] 2 1 sJ=acost 17. Ans. (0). and y’ Length of tangent is Vl +y/%) asint at (1,-3) tan T= A 18, Ans. (c). tan (1/2) (See Q. 1, P. 922-26) A oa ae Fs e. Nay (N(1+y")) =a (1-008 9 see (0/2) eae es meen ee wasnt 1 aaa Equation of tangents y- 1= 2 +8) (= 1) 2 gos ¢72) ~ 22 810 (1/2) tan 1/2) Tis intercepts A and B on the axes are obtained 12 Ans.0» by puting y= 0 and then y’stan(/2)=Lati=n/2,y=aats=n/2 5 aye e a We sy9= at )=ala B=1-Q+b)=-@+1) Tangent (X—2) f,+(P—))fy=0 AnpAB=2 2 ABA . 0+ D+) =4642) or 6 +6b+9=0 7 or (64320 2 b=-3 28. Ans intercepts on axes are obaned by puting asin? oo =0,and theny =0 Aa BLS, pag Ba Bteal? 249 nd Pad. 21, Ans. (a). See last question. ark = 3a cos? @ sin ® 22, Ans.(c). Slope of tangent is (y -16-0 a sty8 1 at(a/8, a/8) Tangentis y—a/8 Hence N varies as y?. ELL 21. Ans.(@). logx+nlogy=(n+ 1) loga Ponto of ge inereped between th ats s ESF AE (ivan): Sear Icwill be constant ifn+2=01088 Objective Mathematics 28, 2. 30, Ans. (a). stytaa™*, Take log mlogx+nlogy=(m+n)loga milan Beg 2, Benmye a yar ane Hence the equation ofthe tangent is Yn y=— RE Kea) or mX+nx¥= (m+n) ay «ay Let the tangent (1) meet the axes in points A and B Pouing ¥=0, ne pt =[2# 0] Panag =O we (0.25) Point of contact Pis (x,y) Let P divide AB in the ratio 2: 1 2041 BEE wl s O+ne=(Fete phe leBel a het ot AP: PB=2:1=m:n Ans. (6). y I 2 Putting yin (1 the ratio is 2 = $2% = 2 Ans. (8). (X—a)f+(¥-y)fh=0 (X-94° +079) 47?=0 or xe +H) 0) intercepts are p and g then (p, 0) and (0, q) lie TRUE AND FALSE Payteaeayted If @be the angle between the curves, then miami _ =2Ue/y) _ =e tmm 1-27 Poe Now from (A), 42)? = a 1 ayza?. Also 2 =—a? tan = mym= oat Pelee Hence the curves eu orthogonally. Do yourself @ Ans.Te, y= or y=e/s ay ey + ae x ‘Tangent is: ¥-y=—2(X—2) ary or XoXo or Xy+¥e=20 Repel Te meets the axes at A (2x, 0) and B(O,23). id-point of ABis (x,y) 4. the point of contact. (i) 4 OABis right angled triangle whose two sides are 2x and 2y. Hence its 1 2x .2y=2xy= 20? ie. constant.Tangents and Normals 1069 6 Ans. True. FILL IN THE BLANKS (om nog x= (m~n)loga+2n logy 1. Ans.1. Refer Q. 20, Page 1064-67, Greer Equation of tangent is x y aay apy yaltee x aaa) +O-Ng & =o x wa 1” SEE EY Jost or iG) +26) =1 mo) ony : Since the intercepts on the axes are x; and y;, aroygmrayent 64,0) and 0,y))lieon (1). +3 Apa}? My ce 463-8 from the equation of the curve. Squaring and adding, we get the result.