Straight Lines Solutions

Chapter 10
Straight Lines
Solutions
SECTION - A
School/Board Exam. Type Questions
Very Short Answer Type Questions :
1. Find the inclination of the line x – y + 3 = 0 with the positive direction of x-axis.
Sol. x – y + 3= 0
 y = x+3
Comparing with y = mx + c
 tan = m =1
  = 45°
2. Find the angle between the lines joining the points (3, –1) & (2, 3) & the points (5, 2) and (9, 3).
Sol. Let the slope of the line through (3, –1) & (2, 3) is m1.
3   1
m1 =  4
23
Let the slope of the line through (5, 2) and (9, 3) is m2.
32 1
m2 = 
95 4
m1  m2
Now, tan  = 1  m m
1 2
1
4 
4
=
⎛ 1⎞
1   4  ⎜ ⎟
⎝4⎠
17
4
=
0
  = 90°
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26 Straight Lines Solutions of Assignment (Set-1)
x y
3. If p is the length of perpendicular from the origin on the line   1 and a2, p2, b2 are in AP., then show
a b
that a4 + b4 = 0.
Sol. a2, p2, b2 are in A.P.
a2  b2
 p2 
2
0 0
 1
also, p  a b
1 1
2
 2
a b
Squaring both sides, we get
1 1 1
 2 = 2
a 2
b p
1 1 2
  = 2
a2 b2 a  b2
 (a2 + b2)2 = 2a2b2
 a4 + b4 + 2a2b2 = 2a2b2
 a4 + b4 = 0
Hence proved.
4. Show that the line 5x – 2y – 1 = 0 is the mid-parallel to the line 5x – 2y – 9 = 0 and 5x – 2y + 7 = 0.
5
Sol. Slope of all three lines is .
2
 All lines are parallel
 5x – 2y – 1 = 0
If x = 1, – y = 2
Now, distance of (1, 2) from 5x – 2y – 9 = 0
5 1  2  2   9
=
5 2  22
8
=
29
Also, distance of (1, 2) from 5x – 2y + 7 = 0
5 1  2  2   7
=
5 2  22
8
=
29
Since the perpendicular distance of point (1, 2) from both the lines is equal, thus it is mid parallel between
the two lines.
Solutions of Assignment (Set-1) Straight Lines 27
5. If the lines 2x + y – 3 = 0, 5x + ky – 3 = 0 and 3x – y – 2 = 0 are concurrent, find the value of k.
Sol. Here given lines are
2x + y – 3 = 0 ...(i)
5x + ky – 3 = 0 ...(ii)
3x – y – 2 = 0 ...(iii)
Solving (i) and (iii), by cross multiplication method, we get
x y 1
  or, x = 1, y = 1
 2  3 9  4 2  3
Therefore, the point of intersection of two lines is (1, 1), Since above three lines are concurrent, the point (1, 1) will
satisfy equation (i)
i.e., 5·1 + k·1 – 3 = 0 or k = – 2.
6. Name the figure formed by the lines ax ± by ± c = 0.
Sol. Equations are
c
⎛ c ⎞ ⎛ c ⎞ B (0, b )
ax + by + c = 0  ⎜⎝ ,0⎟⎠ & ⎜⎝ 0, ⎟⎠
a b
⎛ c ⎞ ⎛ c ⎞
ax – by + c = 0  ⎜⎝ ,0⎟⎠ & ⎜⎝ 0, ⎟⎠ c
a b (– ,0)
a A
C O c
⎛ c ⎞ ⎛ c⎞ ( ,0)
ax + by – c = 0  ⎜⎝ ,0⎟⎠ & ⎜⎝ 0, ⎟⎠ a
a b
⎛ c ⎞ ⎛ c ⎞
ax – by – c = 0  ⎜⎝ ,0⎟⎠ & ⎜⎝ 0, ⎟⎠ (0,– c )
a b D b
Since AB = BC = CD = AD and AC  BD, it is a Rhombus
7. Find the equation of line passing through origin and equally inclined to positive y-axis and negative x-axis.
Sol. = 90° + 45°  tan  = – cot 45° = – 1
 Equation  y – 0 = –1 (x – 0)
x+y=0
8. Find equation of line which is equidistant and parallel to both x = 2 and x = – 4.
Sol. x = – 1
9. Find the angle between the following lines.
(a2 – ab) y = (ab + b2) x + b3 and (ab + b2) y = (ab – b2) x + a3.
m1  m2
Sol. Ans. 45° [Hint- use: tan  = ]
1  m1m2
10. Find the angle between the lines x = a and by + c = 0.

c
Sol. x = a is a line parallel to y-axis and y = is a line parallel to x-axis. Thus, angle is 90°
b
Short Answer Type Questions :

11. Show that the points (a, 0), (0, b) and (3a, – 2b) are collinear. Also, find the equation of the line containing them.
Sol. Equation of line through (a, 0) & (0, b) is
b0
y–0=  x  a
0a
 – ay = bx – ab.
 bx + ay – ab = 0
Clearly (3a, – 2b) satisfies b(3a) + a(– 2b) – ab = 0
Thus, all three points are collinear.
And the equation containing them is bx + ay – ab = 0
12. Through the point P(3, – 5), a line is drawn inclined at 45° with the positive direction of x-axis. It meets the line x + y
– 6 = 0 at the point Q. Find the length of PQ.
Sol. Equation of line through P(3, – 5) and slope = tan = tan 45° = 1 is
y – (– 5) = 1(x – 3)
x–y–8=0
Now, x – y – 8 = 0 and x + y – 6 = 0 intersect at (7, – 4)
Now, distance between P(3,– 5) and Q(7,–1) is
 7  3  2   1  5  2
= 42  42
= 4 2
3 4
13. If the points (a, 0), (0, b) and (3, 4) are collinear, then show that   1.
a b
Sol. A(a, 0), B(0, b), C(3, 4)
b  0 b
Slope of AB = 
0a a
4b 4b
Slope of BC = 
30 3
Since A,B and C are collinear,
 Slope of AB = Slope of BC
b 4b
=
a 3
 – 3b = 4a – ab
 4a + 3b = ab
4a 3b
  =1
ab ab
4 3
  =1 Hence proved.
b a
14. A line cuts off intercepts of – 3 and 4 on x and y-axis respectively. Find the slope of the line.
x y
Sol.  1
a b
x y
  1
3 4
 – 4x + 3y = 12  3y = 4x + 12
4
 y x  12
3
4
 Slope =
3
15. A line passes through point (1, 5) and cuts off intercept 7 units on x-axis. Find the slope of the line.
Sol. Line cuts off intercept of 7 units
 Point (7, 0) lies on the line
0  5 5
 Slope = 
7 1 6
16. Find the equation of the line which passes through the point (– 4, 3) and the portion of the line intercepted between
the axes is divided internally in the ratio 5 : 3 by this point.
Sol. (– 4,3) divides the line segment AB in the ratio 5:3.
y
5  0  3( a )
 –4=
53
 – 4 × 8 = – 3a B (0, b)
32 (– 4,3)
 a=
3
A
5  b   3  0 x x
3= (– a,0)
53 y
 5b = 8 × 3
24
 b=
5
⎛ 32 ⎞ ⎛ 24 ⎞
Now, the points are ⎜⎝ ,0⎟ and ⎜ 0, ⎟
3 ⎠ ⎝ 5⎠
 Equation of the line is
⎛ 24 ⎞
0
⎛ 24 ⎞ ⎜ 5 ⎟ ( x  0)
y ⎟ ⎜
⎝⎜ 5 ⎠ ⎜ 32 ⎟
 0⎟
⎝ 3 ⎠
 18x – 40y + 192 = 0
17. Find the lengths of the perpendicular segments drawn from the vertex of the triangle with vertices A(2,1), B(5, 2)
and C(4, 4).
Sol. Equation of AC A (2,1)
⎛ 1 4 ⎞
y 4⎜
⎝ 2  4 ⎟⎠
 x  4
 3x – 2y – 4 = 0
Now, perpendicular distance of B from AC is
B C
3  5   2  2  4 (5, 2 ) (4, 4)
15  4  4 7
= =
3 2
2 2
13 13
18. Find the ratio in which the line 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 divides the distance between the lines 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and 3x + 4y – 5
= 0.
Sol. Distance between 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 and 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 is
52 3

3 4
2 2 5
Distance between 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 and 3x + 4y – 5 = 0 is
2   5  7

3 4
2 2 5
3 7
 Required ratio = :
5 5
=3:7
19. Find the coordinates of the points which are at a distance of 4 2 from the point (3, 4) and which lie on the
line passing through the point (3, 4) and inclined at an angle of 45° with positive x-axis.
Sol. Let the point be (a, b)
  a  3 2   b  4 2 4 2
 (a – 3)2 + (b – 4)2 = 32 ...(i)

Now, equation of line with slope tan 45° = 1 & passing through (3, 4) is
y – 4 = 1(x – 3)
x–y+1=0 ...(ii)
since (a, b) lies on (ii)
 a–b+1=0
b = a +1
Putting value of b in (i)
(a – 3)2 + (a + 1 – 4)2 = 32
 2(a – 3)2 = 32
 (a – 3)2 = 16
 a–3=4
 a–3=4  a – 3 = –4
 a=7  a = –1
 b=8  b=0
 The required points are (7, 8) or (– 1, 0)
3
20. If the slope of a line passing through point P(3, 2) is , then find the points on the line which are 5 units
4
away from point P.
3
Sol. Equation of line passing through (3, 2) having slope is
4
3
y 2  x  3
4
 4y – 3x + 1 = 0
Let (a, b) be the points such that (a, – 3)2 + (b – 2)2 = 25 ...(i)
Since (a, b) lies on 4y – 3x + 1 = 0, then 4b – 3a + 1 = 0
3a  1
 b ...(ii)
4
Solving (i) & (ii), we get

b = –1, 7
 a = –1, 5
 Points are (–1, –1) and (7, 5)
21. Two lines cut x-axis at distance of 4 units and – 4 units and y-axis at distance of 2 units and 6 units
respectively. Find the coordinates of their point of intersection.
Sol. a1 = 4, b1 = 2 a2 = – 4, b2 = 6
 Equation is Equation is
x y x y
 1  1
4 2 4 6
x + 2y = 4 ...(i) – 3x + 2y = 12 ...(ii)
Multiply (i) by 3
3x + 6y = 12
3 x  2y  12
8y = 24
y = 3
x = 4–2×3
= –2
 Point of intersection is (– 2, 3)
22. Find the equation of a straight line on which length of perpendicular from the origin is 4 units and the line makes
an angle of 120° with positive x-axis.
Sol. sin 120° = sin (90 + 30°)
3
= cos 30° =
2
cos 120° = cos(90°+30°)
= – sin30°
1
= 
2
 The equation is cos 120° x + sin 120° y = 4
x 3
  y4
2 2
 x  3y  4  0
23. The vertex of an equilateral triangle is (2, 3) and the equation of the opposite side is x + y = 2. Find the
equation of other two sides.
Sol. Slope of BC = –1 A
(2,3)
Let m be the slope of AB
m   1

1  m  1
= tan 60°
m 1
 =± 3
1 m B
x+y=2
C
m 1 m 1
= 3 =  3
1 m 1 m
 m+1 = 3 m 3 m + 1 =  3  3m

m 1 3  = 3 1 m  3 = 1 3
3 1 3 1 1 3 3 1
 m =   m= 
3 1 3 1 3 1 3 1
   
2 2
3 1 3 1
= =
2 2
42 3 42 3
= =
2 2

= 2 3  = 2 3
 Required equations of the sides are

y – 3 = 2  3  x  2 
24. Find the points on the line x + y = 4 which lie at a unit distance from the line 4x + 3y = 10.
 a+b=4b=4–a
4a  3b  10
 =1
42  32
 |4a + 3(4 – a ) – 10| = 5
 4a  12  3a  10 = 5
 |a + 2| = 5
 a+2=5
a+2=5 a+2 =–5
a=3 a=–7
b=4–3=1 b = 4 – (–7) = 11
 The points are (3, 1) and (– 7, 11)
25. Find the coordinates of the foot of perpendicular from the point (2, 3) on the line y = 3x + 4.
Since (a, b) lies on y = 3x + 4
 3a – b + 4 = 0 ...(i)
Slope of the line through (2, 3) and (a, b)
3b
= m1 =
2a
Slope of y = 3x + 4 = m2 = 3
Now, m1m2 = –1
⎛ 3  b⎞
⎜⎝ 2  a ⎟⎠ 3 = – 1
 a – 3b = a – 2
 a + 3b = 11 ...(ii)
Solving (i) & (ii), we get
1 37
a and b 
10 10
 The coordinates of the foot are ⎛⎜ 1, 37 ⎞⎟

⎝ 10 10 ⎠
26. Show that 4 points (0, –1), (8, 3), (6, 7) and (–2, 3) are the vertices of a rectangle.
Sol. Slope of AB = m1
3   1 (–2,3) (6, 7)

= D C
80
4 1
= 
8 2
73 4
Slope of BC = m2 =   2
6  8 2
A B
73 1 (0, –1) (8, 3)
Slope of CD = m3 = 6  2  2
 
3   1
Slope of AD = m4 =  2
2  0
m1 = m3 and m2 = m4
 AB||CD and BC||DA
 ABCD is a parallelogram
Also m1m2 = – 1
 DA  AB
 ABCD is a rectangle.
27. Find the coordinates of the points on the line x + 5y = 13 which are at a distance of 2 units from the line
12x – 5y + 26 = 0.
Since (a, b) lies on x + 5y = 13
 a + 5b = 13
 5b = 13 – a
Now, distance of (a, b) from 12x – 5y + 26 = 0 is 2 units
12a  5b  26
 =2
122  52
 |12a – 5b + 26| = 13 ×2
 |12a – 13 + a + 26| = 26
 |13a + 13| = 26
 |a + 1| = 2
 a + 1 = 2
 a = 1, – 3
12 16
If a = 1, then b  and if a = – 3, then b 
5 5
⎛ 12 ⎞ ⎛ 16 ⎞
 Points are ⎜⎝ 1, ⎟⎠ & ⎜⎝ 3, ⎟⎠
5 5
28. Find the x and y-intercept of the line that passes through (2, 2) and is perpendicular to the line 3x + y = 3.
Sol. Slope of 3x + y = 3 = m1 = – 3
1
 Slope of required line = m2 =
3
 Equation of the required line is
1
(y – 2) = (x – 2)
3
 3y – 6 = x – 2
 x – 3y + 4 = 0
 x 3y
  1
4 4
 x y
 1
4 4
3
 x intercept = – 4
4
y intercept =
3
29. Find the value of k if the straight line 2x + 3y + 4 + k (6x – y + 12) = 0 is perpendicular to the line 7x + 5y =
4.
Sol. 2x + 3y + 4 + k(6x – y + 12) = 0
(2 + 6k) x + (3 – k) y + 4 + 2k = 0
⎛ 2  6k ⎞
 m1 = – ⎜⎝
3  k ⎟⎠
Let slope be m1
Let slope of 7x + 5y = 4 is m2
7
m2 =
5
Now, m1 × m2 = –1
⎛ 2  6k ⎞ ⎛ 7 ⎞
  ⎜⎝
3  k ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 5 ⎟⎠
= –1
 7(2 + 6k) = – 5 (3 – k)
 37k = – 29
29
 k =
37
30. Find the equations of the straight lines passing through the point of intersection of x + 3y + 4 = 0 and
3x + y + 4 = 0 and equally inclined to the axes.
Sol. Point of intersection of x + 3y + 4 = 0 and 3x + y + 4 = 0 is x = –1, y = –1
The required lines pass through (–1, –1) and are equally inclined with the axes i.e. slopes are  1
Equation of requaired lines are
y + 1 = ± 1(x + 1)
y+1=x+1 and y + 1 = – (x + 1)
 x–y=0  x+y+2=0
Long Answer Type Questions :

31. Mid-points of the sides of a triangle are (2, 2), (2, 3) and (4, 6). Find the equations of the sides of a triangle.
63 3 A
Sol. Slope of EF = 
42 2
3
BC || EF  Slope of BC = , Point (2, 2) (4,6) F E (2,3)
2
3
Equation of BC is y – 2 = (x – 2)  3x – 2y – 2 = 0
2 B C
D (2,2)
Similarly, find for AB, AC
Equations are 3x – 2y – 2 = 0, 2x – y – 1 = 0, x=4
32. The sides AB, BC, CD, DA of a quadrilateral have the equations x + 2y = 3, x = 1, x – 3y = 4, 5x + y = –12
respectively. Find the angle between the diagonals AC and BD.
Sol. Solving the equations in pairs we get the co-ordinates of the vertices as A(–3, 3), B(1,1), C(1, –1) and D(– 2, – 2).
m1 = slope of AC = –1, m2 = slope of BD = 1
 m1m2 = –1
Hence the diagonals AC and BD are perpendicular.
33. Find the equations of the medians of the triangle whose vertices are (2, 0), (0, 2) and (4, 6).
Sol. Using mid-point formula, we will find D, E and F.
A (2,0)
(1,1) F E (3,3)
B C
(0,2) D (2,4) (4,6)
Then, using two point form we find the equations

x = 2, 5x – 3y = 2, x – 3y + b = 0
34. The opposite angular points of a square are (2, 0) and (5, 1). Find the remaining points.
Sol. Let the unknown vertex be B(,)
We know that, D C (5,1)
A (2,0) B ()
AB2 = BC2  ( – 2)2 + ( – 0)2 = ( – 5)2 + ( – 1)2

 6 + 2 = 22
  = 11 – 3 ...(i)
As, B = 90°, we get
AB2 + BC2 = AC2
 ( – 2)2 + ( – 0)2 + ( – 5)2 + ( – 1)2 = (5 – 2)2 + (1 – 0)2
 2 +2 – 7 –  + 10 = 0
 2 + (11 – 3)2 – 7x – (11 – 3) + 10 = 0
 2 – 7 + 12 = 0
  = 4, 3
From (i),
When  = 4,  = –1 and when  = 3,  = 2
Therefore, the required vertices are (4, –1) and (3, 2).
35. The extremities of the base of an isosceles triangle are the points (2a, 0) and (0, a) and the equation of one
of the equal sides is x = 2a. Find the equation of the other equal side.
Sol. In the given figure x = 2a is the line BA passing through B(2a, 0) and let the point A on it as(2a, k).
y A = (2a,k)
C x = 2a
(0,a)
x
B (2a,0)
Now, AC = AB  4a2 + (k – a)2 = k2

 5a2 – 2ak = 0
5a
 k= as a  0
2
⎛ 5a ⎞
 Point A is ⎜⎝ 2a, ⎟⎠
2
Hence by two point formula, the equation of side AC is 3x – 4y + 4a = 0.
36. Find the equations of the diagonals of the square formed by the line x = 0, y = 0, x = 1 and y = 1.
y
Sol.
C y=1 B
x=0 x=1
(0.0) (1,0)
x O y=0 A x
y
Slope of the line through OB = tan 45° = 1

 Equation is (y – 0) = 1(x – 0) y = x x – y = 0
slope of the line through AC = tan 135°
= – cot 45°
=–1
 Equation is
(y – 0) = –1 (x –1) y + x – 1 = 0  x + y = 1
37. One side of a square is inclined to the x-axis at an angle  and one of its extremities is at origin. If the side
of a square is 4, find the equations of the diagonals of the square.
Sol. Slope of OB = tan(45° + )
B
1  tan 
=
1  tan 
C
sin   cos 
=
cos   sin 
A (4cos, 4sin)
 Equation of OB is 45° 4
O 
sin   cos  (0,0) P
y–0= (x – 0)
cos   sin 
 x(sin+ cos) – y (cos– sin) = 0
1
slope of AC =  sin   cos 
cos   sin 
sin   cos 
=
sin   cos 
 Equation of AC is
sin   cos 
y – 4 sin  = (x – 4 cos )
sin   cos 
 x(cos– sin) + y(sin + cos) = 4
3
38. Find the equations of the lines passing through the point (1, 0) and at a distance of from the origin.
2
Sol. Let the equation of the line be
x y
 1
a b
Point (1, 0) lies on the line
1 0
  1
a b
 a=1
3
Now, distance of line from origin is
2
0 0
 1
a b 3
 
1 1 2

a2 b2
1 3
 
1 2
1 2
b
Squaring both sides
1 3
 
1 4
1
b2
1 4
 1 2

b 3
1 1
 
b2 3
 b2 = 3  b=± 3
 Equations are
x y
 1
1  3
y y
x 1 x 1
3 3
3x  y  3  0 3x  y  1  0
39 Find the equation of one of the sides of an isosceles right angled triangle whose hypotenuse is given by
3x + 4y = 4 and the opposite vertex of the hypotenuse is (2, 2).
Sol. A = C = 45°
3x + 4y = 4
A
3
slope = m1 =
4 3x
+
4y
Let slope of AB be m2. =
4
m2  m1
tan  = 1  m m
1 2
B C
(2,2)
3
m2 
4
tan 45° = 3
1 m
4 2
4m2  3
 1
4  3m2
4m2 + 3 = 4 – 3m2 4m2 + 3 = – 4 + 3m2

 7m2 = 1  m2 = – 7
1
 m2 =
7
 Equation are
1
y–2 = (x – 2) and y – 2 = – 7(x – 2)
7
 7y – 14 = x – 2 y – 2 = – 7x + 14
 x – 7y + 12 = 0 7x + y – 16 = 0
40. If the equation of the base of an equilateral triangle is x + y = 2 and the vertex is (2, –1), then find the length
of the side of the triangle.
Sol. h = length of perpendicular from A to line x + y = 2.
A (2,–1)
2   1  2
 h=
12  12
h
1 1
= =
2 2
60°
h 3 B D C
In ADC, = sin 60° = x+y=2
AC 2
h2 1 2 2 6
AC = =    units
3 2 3 3 3
41. If the line joining two points A(2, 0) and B(3, 1) is rotated about A in anticlockwise direction through an angle
of 15°, then find the equation of the line in new position.
1 0
Sol. The slope of the line AB is  1 or tan 45°.
32
After rotation of the line through 15°, the slope of the line AC in new position is tan 60° = 3
y
C
1)
(3,
B
15°
x
O A (2,0)
Therefore, the equation of the new line AC is
y–0= 3 (x – 2)
or y  3x  2 3  0
42. Find the reflection of the point (4, –13) about the line 5x + y + 6 = 0.
Sol. Let (h,k) be the point of reflection of the given point (4, –13) about the line 5x + y + 6 = 0. The mid-point of
the line segment joining points (h, k) and (4, –13) is given by
⎛ h  4 k  13 ⎞
⎜⎝ 2 , 2 ⎟⎠
This point lies on the given line, so we have
⎛ h  4 ⎞ k  13
5⎜  60
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠ 2
or 5h + k + 19 = 0 ...(i)
k  13
Again the slope of the line joining points (h, k) and (4, –13) is given by .
h4
⎛ k  3⎞
This line is perpendicular to the given line and hence (– 5) ⎜⎝  1
h  4 ⎟⎠
This gives 5k + 65 = h – 4
or h – 5k – 69 = 0 ...(ii)
On solving (i) and (ii), we get
h = –1 and k = –14.
Thus the point (–1, –14) is the reflection of the given point.
43. If one diagonal of a square is along the line 8x – 15y = 0 and one of its vertex is at (1, 2), then find the equation
of sides of the square passing through this vertex.
Sol. Let ABCD be the given square and the coordinates of the vertex D be (1, 2).
A B
0
y=
– 15
8x
45°
45°
D C (1, 2)
 BD is along the line 8x – 15y = 0
8
Its slope is . The angles made by BD with sides AD and DC is 45°. Let the slope of DC be m.
15
8
m
15
 tan 45° = 8m
1
15
or 15 + 8m = 15m – 8
23
or 7m = 23, which gives m =
7
Therefore, the equation of the side DC is given by
23
y–2= (x – 1) or 23x – 7y – 9 = 0
7
Similarly, the equation of another side AD is given by
7
y–2= (x – 1) or 7x + 23y – 53 = 0.
23
44. For what values of a and b the intercepts cut off on the coordinate axes by the line ax + by + 8 = 0 are equal
in length but opposite in signs to those cut off by the line 2x – 3y + 6 = 0 on the axes.
Sol. ax + by + 8 = 0
Let x & y intercepts be x1 and y1 respectively
8 8
 x1 = and y1 
a b
2x – 3y + 6 = 0
Let x & y intercepts be x2 and y2 respectively
6 6
x2 =  3 y2  2
2 3
According to the question,
x1 = – x2 y1 = – y2
 8 = 3  8 = 2

a b
8
 a=  b = –4
3
45. Show that A(2, –1), B(0, 2), C(2, 3) & D(4,0) are coordinates of the angular points of a parallelogram and find
the angle between the diagonals.
Sol. Slope of line through AB = m1 D C
(4,0) (2,3)
2   1 3
= 
02 2
32 1
Slope of line through BC = m2 = =
20 2
A B
(2,–1) (0,2)
30 3
Slope of line through CD = m3 = =
24 2
0   1 1
Slope of line through AD = m4 = 
42 2
Since m1 = m3 and m2 = m4
 AB || CD, BC || AD
 ABCD is a parallelogram
3   1 1
Slope of AC = m5 = =
22 0
1
0
m5
0  2 1
Slope of BD = m6 = 
40 2
Now, If angle between AC & BC is 
m6 ⎛ 1⎞
1 1 ⎜ ⎟ 0
m5  m6 m5 ⎝ 2⎠
 tan  = 1  m m = 1 = ⎛ 1⎞
5 6  m6 0⎜ ⎟
m5 ⎝ 2⎠
1
= 1
2
=2
  = tan –1 (2)
SECTION - B
Model Test Paper
1. Find the slope of the line whose inclination to the positive direction of y-axis in anti-clockwise sense is 30°.
Sol. Since the inclination with y-axis is 30°, then inclination with x-axis is 90° + 30° = 120°
 Slope = tan  = tan 120°
= tan (30°+90°)
= cot 30°
=  3
2. Find the y intercept of 2x – 3y = 5.

Sol. 2x – 3y = 5
2x 3y
  1
5 5
x y
 1
5 ⎛ 5 ⎞

2 ⎜⎝ 3 ⎟⎠
5
y-intercept =
3
3. Find the equation of line passing through (a, 0) and (0, – b)

Sol. x-intercept = a
y-intercept = – b
x y
  1
a  b
x y
  1
a b
 bx – ay = ab
4. Transform 3x – y + 2 = 0 to slope intercept form and find its slope and y-intercept
Sol. 3x  y  2  0
y= 3x  2
This is the slope intercept form of the line.
 Slope = 3 and y intercept = 2

5. Check whether the given two lines are parallel or perpendicular.
2x + 3y + 5 = 0
4x + 6y – 5 = 0
2
Sol. Slope of 2x + 3y + 5 = 0 = m1 =
3
4 2
Slope of 4x + 6y – 5 = 0 = m2 = 
6 3
Since m1 = m2
 The lines are parallel.
6. Write down the equations of the line parallel to
(a) x-axis at a distance of a units below it
(b) y-axis at a distance of b units on right of it
Sol. (a) y = – a  y+a=0
(b) x = b  x–b=0
7. Find the equation of a line whose y intercept is – 3 and which is perpendicular to the line joining the points
(0, – 5) and (– 1, 3).
Sol. Slope of line through (0, – 5) and (– 1, 3) = m1
3   5
=
1  0
=–8
Let slope of required line be m2
 m1m2 = – 1
1 1
 m2 = m  8
1
y-intercept is – 3
 Point (0, – 3)
 The required equation of the line is
1
y – ( – 3) =  x  0
8
 8(y + 3) = x
 x – 8y – 24 = 0
8. Using slopes, find the value of x for which the points (x, – 1), (2, 1) & (4, 5) are collinear.
Sol. Let A(x, – 1), B(2, 1), C(4, 5)
Since points A, B & C are collinear,
1   1 5 1
 =
2 x 42
2 4
 =
2 x 2
 4 = 4(2 – x)
 2–x=1
 x=1
9. Find the equation of the lines with cut off intercepts on axes whose sum and products are 1 and – 6
respectively.
x y
Sol. Let the equation be  1
a b
 a + b = 1 & ab = – 6 ...(ii)
b=1–a ...(i)
From (i) & (ii),
a (1 – a) = – 6
 – a2 + a = – 6
 a2 – a – 6 = 0
 a = 3, – 2
If a = 3, then b = – 2
If a = – 2, then b = 3
 Equations are
x y
  1 and x  y  1
3  2 2 3
 2x – 3y = 6  2y – 3x = 6
10. If the lines 3x + y – 2 = 0, px + 2y – 3 = 0 and 2x – y – 3 = 0 are concurrent, then find the value of p.
Sol. Point of intersection of 3x + y – 2 = 0
and 2x – y – 3 = 0 is (1, – 1)
(1, – 1) will satisfy px + 2y – 3 = 0
 p(1) + 2(–1) – 3 = 0
 p = 5.
11. If A(1,4), B(2,–3) & C(–1, – 2) are the vertices of ABC. Find the equation of median through A.
Sol. D is the mid point of BC.
A (1,4)
⎛ 1 5 ⎞
 D ⎜⎝ , ⎟⎠
2 2
Equation of AD is
⎛ 5 ⎞ B C
4 (2,–3) D (–1,–2)
⎜ 2 ⎟
y – 4 =⎜ 1 ⎟ (x–1) ( ,– 5
2 )
⎜ 1 ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
⎛ 13 ⎞
 y – 4 = ⎜⎝  x  1
1 ⎟⎠
 y – 4 =13x – 13
 13x – y – 9 = 0
12. Find the equation of straight line passing through origin and making angle 60° with the line x + 3y  3 3  0
Sol. x  3y  3 3 = 0
 3y =  x  3 3
1
 y= x 3
3
1
Slope = m1 =
3
Let slope of required line be m2
1
m2 
3
tan 60° = m2
1
3
3m2  1
 =  3
3  m2
 3m2  1 = 3  3m2
 3m2  1 = 3  3m2
 2 3m2 = 4Not possible (m = )
2
 m2 =
3
Required equation of line is
2
y–0= (x – 0)
3
 2x – 3y = 0 ; x = 0
13. Find the distance between the parallel lines 2x + 3y – 11 = 0 and 4x + 6y – 15 = 0.
Sol. 2x + 3y – 11 = 0
4x + 6y – 15 = 0
15
 2x + 3y – =0
2
15
  11
2
 The required distance =
22  3 2
7
=
2  13
7
= units
2 3
14. Without using the Pythagoras theorem, show that the points (4, 4), (3, 5) and (– 1, – 1) are the vertices of a
right angled triangle.
Sol. The vertices of the given triangle are A(4, 4), B(3, 5), and C(–1, –1).
It is known that the slope (m) of a non-vertical line passing through the points (x1, y1) and (x2, y2)
y 2  y1
is given by m  , x2  x1
x2  x1
54
 Slope of AB = m =  1
34
1  5 6 3
Slope of BC = m2 =  
1  3 4 2
4 1 5
Slope of CA = m3 =  1
4 1 5
It is observed that m1m3 = – 1

This shows that line segments AB and CA are perpendicular to each other
i.e., the given triangle is right-angled at A(4, 4).
Thus, the points (4, 4), (3, 5), and (–1, –1) are the vertices of a right-angled triangle.
15. Without using distance formula, show that points (–2, –1), (4, 0), (3, 3) and (–3, 2) are vertices of a
parallelogram.
Sol. Let points (–2, –1), (4, 0), (3, 3), and (–3, 2) be respectively denoted by A, B, C, and D.
0 1 1
Slope of AB = 
42 6 D (–3,2) C (3,3)
23 1 1
Slope of CD =  
3  3 6 6
 Slope of AB = Slope of CD
 AB and CD are parallel to each other.
A (–2 , –1) B (4, 0)
30 3
Now, slope of BC =   3
3  2 1
21 3
Slope of AD =   3
3  2 1
 Slope of BC = Slope of AD
 BC and AD are parallel to each other.
Since both pairs of opposite sides of quadrilateral ABCD are parallel, ABCD is a parallelogram.
Thus, points (–2, –1), (4, 0), (3, 3), and (–3, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram.
16. In order to show that points (3, 0), (– 2, – 2), and (8, 2) are collinear, it is sufficient to show that the line passing
through points (3, 0) and (– 2, – 2) also passes through point (8, 2)
Sol. The equation of the line passing through points (3, 0) and (– 2, – 2) is
 2  0 x  3
 
(y – 0) =
 2  3
2
 y=  x  3
5
 5y = 2x – 6
i.e., 2x – 5y = 6
It is observed that at x = 8 and y = 2
L.H.S. = 2 × 8 – 5 × 2 = 16 – 10 = 6 = R.H.S
Therefore, the line passing through points (3, 0) and (– 2, – 2) also passes through point (8, 2).
Hence, points (3, 0), (– 2, – 2), and (8, 2) are collinear
3 4
17. If the points (a, 0), (0, b) and (3, 4) are collinear, then show that  1
a b
Sol. A(a, 0) B(0, b) C(3, 4)
b  0 b
Slope of AB = 
0a a
4b 4b
Slope of BC = 
30 3
Since A,B and C are collinear,

b
 = 4a – ab
a
 4a + 3b = ab
4a 3b
  =1
ab ab
4 3
   1 = 1 (Hence proved).
b a
18. A line passes through point (1, 5) and cuts off intercept 7 units on x axis. Find the slope of the line.
Sol. Line cuts off intercept of 7 units
 Point (7, 0) lies on the line
0  5 5
 Slope = 
7 1 6
19. The extremities of the base of an isosceles triangle are the points (2a, 0) and (0, a) and the equation of one
of the equal sides is x = 2a. Find the equation of the other equal side.
Sol. Figure is drawn in accordance with given data x = 2a is the line BA passing through B(2a, 0). Choose the
point A on it as(2a, k).
Now, AC = AB y A = (2a,k)
 4a2 + (k – a)2 = k2
 5a2 – 2ak = 0
C x = 2a
(0,a)
5a
 k= as a  0
2 x
B (2a,0)
⎛ 5a ⎞
 Point A is ⎜⎝ 2a, ⎟⎠
2
Hence by two point formula, the equation of side AC is 3x – 4y + 4a = 0.


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Chapter 10

Squaring both sides, we get

10. Find the angle between the lines x = a and by + c = 0.

Short Answer Type Questions :

 Equation of the line is

 18x – 40y + 192 = 0

Distance between 3x + 4y + 2 = 0 and 3x + 4y – 5 = 0 is

 (a – 3)2 + (b – 4)2 = 32 ...(i)

Solving (i) & (ii), we get

 Required equations of the sides are

Sol. Let the point be (a, b)

 |4a + 3(4 – a ) – 10| = 5

a+2=5 a+2 =–5

 The points are (3, 1) and (– 7, 11)

Sol. Let the point be (a, b)

Since (a, b) lies on y = 3x + 4

Slope of the line through (2, 3) and (a, b)

Solving (i) & (ii), we get

 The coordinates of the foot are ⎛⎜ 1, 37 ⎞⎟

3   1 (–2,3) (6, 7)

 Equation of the required line is

Long Answer Type Questions :

Then, using two point form we find the equations

AB2 = BC2  ( – 2)2 + ( – 0)2 = ( – 5)2 + ( – 1)2

Now, AC = AB  4a2 + (k – a)2 = k2

Hence by two point formula, the equation of side AC is 3x – 4y + 4a = 0.

Slope of the line through OB = tan 45° = 1

Sol. Let the equation of the line be

Point (1, 0) lies on the line

Squaring both sides

4m2 + 3 = 4 – 3m2 4m2 + 3 = – 4 + 3m2

Therefore, the equation of the new line AC is

This point lies on the given line, so we have

On solving (i) and (ii), we get

 BD is along the line 8x – 15y = 0

Therefore, the equation of the side DC is given by

Similarly, the equation of another side AD is given by

2. Find the y intercept of 2x – 3y = 5.

3. Find the equation of line passing through (a, 0) and (0, – b)

 Slope = 3 and y intercept = 2

 2 3m2 = 4Not possible (m = )

It is observed that m1m3 = – 1

Sol. A(a, 0) B(0, b) C(3, 4)

Since A,B and C are collinear,

Hence by two point formula, the equation of side AC is 3x – 4y + 4a = 0.

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