NCM 15-107

CMC (Acute and Chronic) DIDACTICS

Module 7: Nursing Care of Male and Female Clients with General and Specific
Problems in Reproduction

Name: Gracel Caye M. Beronio

Course/Year: BSN 2-2

Definition of Key Terms:

STUDENT ACTIVITY: Write the definition of the following terms in the
Column B provided after each word/phrase. Answers can be found in
your textbook in Chapter 7 (p. 132-153). Attach your answers in the
module. Submit your answers using google docs

TERM DEFINITION
1. Alternative Insemination
Alternative or IUI is the instillation of
sperm from a masturbatory sample into
the female reproductive tract by
means of a cannula to aid conception
at the time of ovulation. The sperm
can either be instilled into the cervix
(intracervical insemination) or directly
into the uterus (IUI) at the time of
predicted ovulation.

2. Anovulation
Anovulation (absence of ovulation or
release of ova from the ovary), the
most common cause of subfertility in
women, may occur from a genetic
abnormality such as Turner syndrome
(hypogonadism), in which there is
limited ovarian tissue available to
produce ova. More often, it results from
a hormonal imbalance caused by a
condition such as hypothyroidism,
which interferes with
hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian
interaction.

3. Cryptorchidism
Cryptorchidism is failure of one or both
testes to descend from the abdominal
cavity into the scrotum. Normally,
testes descend into the scrotal sac
during months 7 to 9 of intrauterine life.
 They may descend any time up to 6
months after birth, but they rarely
descend after that time and a referral
to specialist is warranted. The cause of
undescended testes is unclear. Testes
apparently descend because of
stimulation by testosterone; hence, a
lower than usual level of testosterone
production may prevent descent.

4. Endometriosis
Endometriosis symptoms begin in
adolescence, with the most common
sites of endometrium spread to the
fallopian tubes, the cul-de-sac of
Douglas, the ovaries, the uterine
ligaments, and the outer surface of the
uterus and bowel.

5. Erectile Dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction or the inability to
achieve an erection (formerly called
impotence), which may occur from
psychological problems; diseases such
as a cerebrovascular accident,
diabetes, or Parkinson disease; use of
certain antihypertensive agents; as well
as the discontinuation of finasteride, a
drug used for male pattern baldness,
may result in erectile dysfunction.

6. In vitro Fertilization
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is most often
used for couples who have not been
able to conceive because the woman
has obstructed or damaged fallopian
tubes. It is also used when the man has
oligospermia or a very low sperm
count. IVF may also be helpful for
couples when an absence of cervical
mucus prevents sperm from entering
the cervix or antisperm antibodies
cause immobilization of sperm.

7. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is
infection of the pelvic organs: the
 uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and
their supporting structures. The initial
source of the infection is usually a
sexually transmitted disease such as
chlamydia or gonorrhea. PID occurs at
a rate of about 25 per 100 women; in
other words, one-fourth of all women
will experience this type of infection in
a lifetime. About 12% of those who
acquire PID will be left subfertile
because of tubal scarring

8. Sperm Count
The sperm count is the number of
sperm in a single ejaculation or in a
milliliter of semen. The minimum sperm
count considered normal has:
• Thirty-three to 46 million sperm per
milliliter of seminal fluid, or 50 million per
ejaculation
• Fifty percent of sperm that are motile
• Thirty percent that are normal in
shape and form

9. Sperm Motility
(movement of sperm) is defined as
sperm with forward progressions of at
least 25 micrometers per second.

10. Spermatogenesis
Is the process by which haploid
spermatozoa develop from germ cells
in the seminiferous tubules of the testis.
This process starts with the mitotic
division of the stem cells located close
to the basement membrane of the
tubules. These cells are called
spermatogonial stem cells.

11. Sterility
Sterility is the inability to conceive
because of a known condition, such as
the absence of a uterus.

12. Subfertility
Subfertility is said to exist when a
pregnancy has not occurred after at
least 1 year of engaging in
unprotected coitus. In primary
subfertility, there have been no
previous conceptions; in secondary
subfertility, there has been a previous
viable pregnancy but the couple is
unable to conceive at present.