vQuestions number 13-16 are based on the text
The word “plethora” is best replaced by,
below.
The Cooper-Eromanga Basins in the north-eastern
corner of South Australia and south-western
corner of Queensland is Australia's largest onshore
oil and gas producing region of Australia. But,
despite about 60 years of petroleum exploration
and production, this ancient Jurassic volcanic
underground landscape has gone largely
unnoticed.
Published in the journal Gondwana Research, the
researchers used advanced subsurface imaging
techniques, analogous to medical CT scanning, to
identify the plethora of volcanic craters and lava
flows, and the deeper magma chambers that fed
them. They've called the volcanic region the
Warnie Volcanic Province, with a nod to
Australian cricket legend Shane Warne. The
volcanoes developed in the Jurassic period,
between 180 and 160 million years ago, and have
been subsequently buried beneath hundreds of
meters of sedimentary -- or layered -- rocks.
The Cooper-Eromanga Basins are now a dry and
barren landscape but in Jurassic times, the
researchers say, would have been a landscape of
craters and fissures, spewing hot ash and lava into
the air, and surrounded by networks of river
channels, evolving into large lakes and
coalswamps.
Adapted from
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/08/19081
3101812.htm
13.
except … (A) Plenty
(B) Profusion (C)
Maintain
(D) Glut
(E) Overabundance
14. Why does the author mentions “medical CT
Scanning” in paragraph 2?
(A) To correlate how the subsurface imaging
techniques works into the earth
(B) To compare volcanic craters and lava
flows
(C) To define what the magma chamber looks
like beneath the surface
(D) To explain how the volcanic craters works
until today
(E) To give name the volcanic region, Warnie
Volcanic Province
15. The following paragraph of the passage will
likely talk about …
(A) The final discoveries over the basin will
be explored
(B) The remarkable volcanic activity beneath
basin has distinct characteristics
(C) The challenges that researches facing to
find the new oil and gas reserves
:
(D) How the exploration will take on the basin
 (B)
Questions number 13-16 are based on the text
below.
Because this time period preceded complex life,
researchers cannot simply dig up fossils to learn
what was living 2 billion years ago. Even clues
left behind in mud and rocks can be difficult to
uncover and analyze.
Instead, the group turned to barite, a mineral
collected from the Belcher Islands in Hudson Bay,
Canada, that encapsulates a record of oxygen in
the atmosphere. Those samples revealed that
Earth experienced huge changes to its biosphere --
the part of the planet occupied by living
organisms -- ending with an enormous drop in life
approximately 2.05 billion years ago that may also
be linked to declining oxygen levels.
"The fact that this geochemical signature was
preserved was very surprising," Hodgskiss said.
"What was especially unusual about these barites
is that they clearly had a complex history."
Looking at the Earth's productivity through
ancient history provides a glimpse into how life is
likely to behave over its entire existence -- in
addition to informing observations of atmospheres
on planets outside our solar system.
"The size of the biosphere through geologic time
has always been one of our biggest questions in
studying the history of the Earth," said Erik
Sperling, an assistant professor of geological
sciences at Stanford who was not involved with
the study. "This new proxy demonstrates how
interlinked the biosphere and levels of oxygen and
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are."
Adapted
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/08/1908281804
37.htm
13. The word “encapsulates” in paragraph 2 is
best replaced by … (A) Appeals
(B) Breaks (C) Covers
(D) Refuses
(E) Separates
14. Why is the barite surprising the researcher
after found it in Hudson Bay? (A) Because it
is formed as a mineral
(B) Because its location founded is nearly to
where dinosaurs fossils discovered earlier
(C) Because it is linked to the increasing
oxygen levels on earth
(D) Because its geochemical signature can
revealed the biosphere changes to explain
complex history of the earth
(E) Because it has less oxygen contains that
the researchers need to identify
15. According to the passage, which one of the
statements is NOT TRUE about biosphere?
(A) It involved the rising living organisms
about 2.05 billion years ago
(B) It has evolved over the geological time
scale
(C) The part of the earth where living
organisms can survive
(D) Its evolution is still investigated using
geochemical contain preserved in barite
mineral
(E) It has linked to atmosphere study
16. What conclusion does Mr. Erick cites in last
paragraph related to this research?
(A) The biosphere has no evidences to be
proven
(B) The evolution of biosphere requires
further analysis and explorations in linked
the living organisms survivals
(C) The biosphere has no linked to
atmosphere study
(D) The barite mineral is the only evidence in
explaining oxygen contains at the time
(E) The researcher is finding new barites in
from approving its evolutions
Questions number 17-20 are based on the text
below.
When an animal was initially placed in the track,
it was unsure of what to do and wandered left and
right until it came across the sugar water. In these
cases, single neurons were activated when the
mouse took notice of a symbol on the wall. But
over multiple experiences with the track, the
mouse became familiar with it and remembered
the locations of the sugar. As the mouse became
more familiar, more and more neurons were
activated in synchrony by seeing each symbol on
the wall. Essentially, the mouse was recognizing
where it was with respect to each unique symbol.
To study how memories fade over time, the
researchers then withheld the mice from the track
for up to 20 days. Upon returning to the track after
this break, mice that had formed strong memories
encoded by higher numbers of neurons
remembered the task quickly. Even though some
neurons showed different activity, the mouse's
memory of the track was clearly identifiable when
analyzing the activity of large groups of neurons.
In other words, using groups of neurons enables
the brain to have redundancy and still recall
memories even if some of the original neurons fall
silent or are damaged.
Gonzalez explains: "Imagine you have a long and
complicated story to tell. In order to preserve the
story, you could tell it to five of your friends and
then occasionally get together with all of them to
re-tell the story and help each other fill in any
gaps that an individual had forgotten.
Additionally, each time you re-tell the story, you
could bring new friends to learn and therefore
help preserve it and strengthen the memory. In an
analogous way, your own neurons help each other
out to encode memories that will persist over
time."
Adapted from
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/08/1908231407
29.htm

17. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) How somebody can recall his own history
by telling the truth
(B) How the memories constructed and faded
in the brain
(C) How the mouse recalled the track
simultaneously
(D) The effect of over memories undertaken
by the brain
(E) How the mouse can lost its memories after
a break
18. The word “withheld” can best be replaced by 20. The paragraph following the passage will
… likely contain information about…
(A) Expose (A) The way to recall progressively by normal
(B) Hidden aging
(C) Remove (B) The cause of memory loss related to
(D) Convert natural factors
(E) Show (C) The neuron activities persist memories
gradually
19. The It is implied in paragraph two that… (D) The memory loss and its ways to reduce it
(A) The memories will be disoriented after a (E) How to create new memories and lose the
break last one
(B) The memories can be completed by
compiling pieces of story
(C) The mouse hardly remember the track
further
(D) The neurons can lost its activity after no
continuous memories
(E) The groups of neurons formed give higher
repetition to recall memories