REPORT WRITING

TITTLE: Impact of Chemical Industries on

Environment.

Date of Submission: 5/1/2021

Roll no.: 18B81A05T1
SUMMMARY
The chemicals industry makes products with many beneficial uses,
but they can also have negative impacts on human health and the
environment. The industry has made good progress in reducing
emissions from chemical plants and the energy they use, but the
current lack of safety data on chemiCals and the changes that will
occur in the industry over the coming years pose major challenges to
policy makers. Chemicals are used to make virtually every man-made
product and play an important role in the everyday life of people
around the world. Governments and industry will need to continue
to build on past achievements, but also develop new approaches for
managing chemicals.
Abstract:
Chemicals play an important role in our daily lives, so the use of
chemicals infuses modern life. They are important for economic and
sustainable development as well as poverty eradication and
achieving the millennium development goals. They can at the same
time pose significant risk to human health and the environment in
the absence of good management practices. Some chemicals can
affect human and ecological health when released into air, water and
soil. Generally we cannot omit them from our daily life, so we should
learn how to manage them and their wastes.   In this report we
assessed the most consumed chemicals in the chemistry laboratory
at the school of engineering, University College of Boras in 2006. Our
work is based on sustainable development and the importance of the
environment. As we know, nature and the environment are very
important for living species, so there are some regulations and laws
for consumers (factories and laboratories) to use chemicals in a
proper way and to prevent their waste entering into the
environment.   The properties and implementation of these
chemicals have been explained briefly. In addition the properties of a
variety of ranges of each chemical have been mentioned. This
contribution focuses on the impact of chemicals waste on the
environment and their health hazards, and suggestions for
decreasing these effects are given where relevant.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.INTRODUCTION
2.OBJECTIVES
3.CHEMICALS INDUSTRY TRENDS
4. ENVIRONMENTAL TRENDS
5. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICIES
6.CONCLUSION
7.REFERENCE
 INTRODUCTION
With growing population around the world, demand of chemicals is
increasing every day. As a result of this fact factories should enhance
producing useful chemicals. For better production of these
chemicals, they need professional experts.  Experts not only should
consider about high quality of these chemicals, but also their wastes
and their impact on environment. Nowadays the most considerable
topic is about sustainable development that focuses on environment
and future generations, so suppliers should produce chemicals with
the lowest impact on environment.   All people have the right of
using resources while, at the same time, living in a safe environment.
Human being is in a direct way in action and reaction with
environment, because of that future generation have this right to use
resources and live in a safe environment.

OBJECTIVES
The main goal for this project is assessing sustainable development aspects
and chemicals impact on environment in the chemistry laboratory at the
school of engineering, University College of Borås and presenting possible
solutions for improved management of some chemicals that are dangerous for
the environment. In the second step the wastes of chemicals and the way of
handling them should be considered but because of limitation of time in this
report, it will be done by future students. Chemicals are used for two purposes
in the university; for research and education. Here the chemicals used in
education will be considered. In addition the definition for sustainable
development, chemicals and legal aspect about chemical policies in Sweden
will be explained.  
CHEMICALS INDUSTRY TRENDS

One word can describe the chemicals industry: diverse. There is no

one typical product or one typical company. Starting with raw
materials such as oil, coal, gas, air, water and minerals, the chemicals
industry converts these materials into a vast array of substances for
use by other chemical companies, other industries and consumers.
The chemicals industries of industrialised nations produce a wide
variety of chemicals ranging from commodity industrial chemicals
used to make other products to speciality chemicals tailored for
unique applications. These products can range from large bulk
chemicals used to make plastics, to small bottles of cleaning
solutions used by households. Many chemicals companies have a
large body of technological knowledge in research and process
engineering, abundant capital and management capacity, and skilled
and technically competent labour forces.
 Effects on the environment due
to chemical industries
While the chemicals industry has brought a number of important
products to the market to improve health, provide greater safety,
and enhance the quality of life, in doing so it has also released
substances into the environment (or its substances have been
released during use) that have led to negative impacts on man and
the environment (e.g. CFCs, PCBs, PBBs). Over the entire life of a
chemical product (“cradle to grave”), there is a potential for a
detrimental impact. In response to government mandates
(legislative, regulatory) or on the initiative of industry itself (e.g.
voluntary reductions, environmental management systems), various
techniques have been employed for reducing releases at each of
these stages. These include using pollution control equipment (e.g.
closed or floating roof storage tanks, particle collection systems,
thermal incinerators, waste treatment facilities), designing processes
to minimise releases, and banning the marketing of a substance or
limiting some of its uses. Even so, concerns have been raised
regarding chemicals with known effects (e.g. endocrine disrupting
substances, persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic substances) and
their concentrations in the environment, as well as other substances
in the environment about which little is known.

Ozone depleting substances:

Global atmospheric concentrations of ODS show important changes.
Over the last 15 years, tremendous progress has been made in
phasing out the production and consumption of chemicals that
deplete the ozone layer. The rapid progress in phasing out
production of CFCs is illustrated in Figure 18. However, while growth
rates of CFC concentrations have decreased substantially since 1989,
and production of most other ozone depleting substances show a
similar trend, growth rates of hydrochloro- fluorocarbons (HCFCs)
are rising, reflecting increasing production. Although HCFCs have
only 2-5% of the ozone depleting potential of CFCs, they are likely to
remain in the stratosphere for a long time since, under current
agreements, they will not be phased out for at least 20 years. It
should also be noted that interim substitutes for CFCs, such as HCFCs
and HBFCs, have a very high global warming potential.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH AND
SAFETY POLICIES
The chemicals industry is one of the most regulated of all industries.
In addition to the regulation of its products (see section 5.3), it is
subject to a number of requirements aimed at minimising the release
of chemical substances to the environment during manufacturing
and processing. Such requirements typically include limitations
(through regulations) on the amount of a substance that can be
released to the environment. Companies can also be required to get
authorisation (through permits) for each plant to operate, provided
certain conditions are met. These requirements can call for
limitations on the release of pollutants from processing operations,
or for the use of the best available technology for controlling
emissions. These requirements can be set by national, regional or
local authorities.

PUBLIC RIGHTS
One main tool used by governments to provide data and information
to the public about releases of potentially hazardous substances to
air, water and soil, and about their transfers off-site for treatment or
disposal, is a Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR). PRTRs -
or emission inventories - are environmental management tools that
have proved to be an invaluable resource for tracking trends in the
chemical and other industries, identifying trouble spots and setting
priorities for pollution prevention. PRTRs can provide important
information for many different people:
The many different uses of Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers
Governments can use them to:
• set quantitative environmental targets and monitor the success of
environmental policies;
• monitor progress towards targets and commitments to
international agreements and conventions;
• improve pollution prevention, recycling, recovery and re-use
technologies.
Industry can use them to:
• stimulate more efficient use of chemical substances by identifying
material loss (= lost revenue);
• improve internal auditing.
• provide a template for environmental reporting under ISO 14000
and complement ‘Responsible Care’ programmes;
The public can use them to:
• learn about their local environmental situation and possible
exposure;
• be an informed participant in environmental decision-making; and
• learn more about the environmental behaviour of a company they
are considering for investment
CONCLUSION
In this research definition, advantage and disadvantage of chemicals
were explained and discussed. And Twenty one of them were
focused in detail. Generally existent of chemicals in our daily life
should be accepted but it is necessary the ways of preventing of
entrance of their wastes and pollutants to be learned.    One of the
chemicals that were focused in details metals. As mentioned above
they are the most dangerous environmental stress factors that are
toxic pollutant for aquatic and terrestrial environments and plants.
Metals derived from anthropogenic sources have caused serious
damage to forest ecosystems in areas close to a number of emission
sources in the boreal forest zone, So the ways of preventing of
entering metals to rivers, water channels, plants and environment
should be improved and invested more. Although investment in this
part needs a lot cost but it can be compensated with positive effect
on environment, which can ensure heath of people, animals and
plants. One of the ways for not entering of metals in environment is
using modern pollution control equipment that can remove the vast
majority of the emissions of concern. Research from a wide variety of
facilities in the USA and elsewhere has found that, when properly
operated, the best air pollution control equipment can potentially
remove up to 99% of dioxins and furans, more than 99% of Metals,
more than 99% of particulate matter, more than 99% of hydrogen
chloride, more than 90% of sulfur-dioxide, and up to 65% of nitrogen
oxides.      Another way is establishing the microbial community as a
more sensitive indicator of toxic effects of metals on rivers. In
Addition it is very difficult to get ecosystem data with insects or fish.
With bacteria, it is possible to monitor very small changes in the
ecosystem very rapidly.
References
*http://www.diva-
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