EXPLANATORY NOTES FOR VERBAL/RC QUESTIONS THAT HAVE
APPEARED IN CAT IN THE LAST 3 YEARS
Solutions for questions 1 to 15:
1. We need a pair of contradictory words. The sentence
says that the audience, being used to very small details
of movies and T.V. cannot appreciate the extravagant
gestures of opera. Only choice (3) conveys the entire
meaning. ‘Monotonous’ and ‘subtle’ do not go with the
idea of a grand spectacle. Choice (3)
2. ‘Though’ brings out a sense of contrast. His music
revealed his knowledge but his behaviour showed that
he was simple and naive. Only option (4) brings out this
contrast. The word ‘profundity’ refers to the intensity of
thought. Choice (4)
3. The phrase ‘inspite of’ signifies a contrast. Although
choices (1) and (3) seem to fit, ‘fidgety’ and ‘restless’
are inappropriate. People are usually fidgety or restless
during something, for they want it to be over. They are
not fidgety after something is over. Hence ‘prosaicness’
which means ‘ordinary’ or ‘mundane’ is, the right word.
‘In spite of’ suggests that though it was prosaic, the
people were affected. ‘Vehemence’ points to intensity of
anger or hate. This would incite people normally and
thus the contrary (implied by the ‘inspite of’) would
leave them ‘unmoved’, not ‘moved’. Choice (4)
4. The sentence says that the value of money is not the
same always. It is not based on anything and can
change at anytime. ’Arbitrary’ is the most appropriate
word. Although, ‘unpredictable’ and ‘volatile’ seem to fit
into the blank, ‘overpowered’ and ‘obscured’ are
inappropriate in the second blank. The sentence says
that the value of money can be easily changed or
altered. Choice (2)
5. As the sentence talks about ‘dualistic pattern’, ‘diseases
of poverty’ and ‘diseases induced by affluent lifestyles’
epidemic and ubiquitous which mean ‘widespread’ may
not suit. As the sentence talks about diseases, episodic
is not appropriate. Simultaneous which means
happening together is more appropriate. Further
epidemiological (study of the incidence, distribution of
diseases) is apt. Choice (2)
6. The correct form would be loom large over. So (1) is
inapt. To confront an issue is not a correct usage, so
(2) is inappropriate. So, too, is attack an issue, (3)
which is also incorrect. The word ‘seeks to’ means that
it is only an attempt to meet the issues. So, ‘address’
will be more appropriate in the first blank. Choice (4)
7. ‘Touchstone’ means that the constitution remains the
standard or the criterion: hence (1) is incorrect.
Cornerstone refers to a significant target hence (2) is
inapt. ‘Defiance’ of constitution is less appropriate
compared to contravention which means committing an
act that is not allowed by (a law, treaty etc)
Choice (4)
8. Foist means to impose (an unwelcome person or thing
on). Hence ‘foisted’ is appropriate in the second blank.
Further ‘presumption of innocence’ and ‘cases being
foisted’ is the correct pair according to collocation.
Choice (2)
9. The ‘reformist’ (progressive) and libertarian (liberal)
regimes do not pose a serious threat to a country,
hence options 3 and 5 can be ruled out. It cannot be
said that ‘unbigoted’ terrorists pose the gravest threat.
Hence option 4 can be eliminated. ‘Radical’ (extreme) is
more logical than ‘theocratic’ in the given context.
Choice (1)
10. The words ‘religious tolerance’ indicate that ‘liberalism’
would be the appropriate word to fit into the blank. The
word ‘liberalism’ which means the removal of
restrictions on (something) aptly brings out the meaning
intended in the sentence. It is ‘liberalism’ which
established the principle of religious toleration which
believes the pursuit of goals should not ‘restricts’ the
religious freedom of other sects. Although ‘secularism’
may seem probable in the first blank, the word
‘facilitates’ (assists, aids) does not make sense in the
second blank. Hence choice 4 is inapt. The word
‘pluralism’ (the existence or toleration in society of a
number of groups that belong to different races or have
different political or religious beliefs) may fit into the first
blank but the word ‘abets’ (assists, helps) which
contradicts the word ‘pluralism’ is a misfit in the
second blank. Hence option 1 is ruled out. The word
‘egalitarianism’ (belief that all people are equal and
deserve equal rights and opportunities) does not make
sense in the first blank. Hence option 3 can be eliminated.
The word ‘fanaticism’ (excessive enthusiasm for an
extreme political or religious cause) does not make
sense in the context. Hence (5) is ruled out. Only option 2
is logical. Choice (2)
11. Only ‘dissidents’ (people who oppose official policy)
bypass government control and air their views or
opinions against government policies, particularly in
repressive societies. Although the first words of all
options can fit in the first blank, the words for the
second blank – anarchists, insurgents, mavericks (rebels)
and iconoclasts – are stronger words and can therefore
be eliminated. Choice (3)
12. The expression ‘unity and identity with a universal
principle’ indicates that the word monistic (pertaining to
the belief that there is only one ultimate substance or
principle) fits perfectly in the first blank. The latter part
of the sentence talks about mysticism which seeks unity
with God, hence theistic (belief in God) is appropriate in
the second. Hence option 4 is appropriate.
Choice (4)
13. Darwin would be 'upset' disheartened or 'saddened' to
see that so many people still do not believe his theory
of evolution. "Dejected' and 'depressed' are too strong
as they suggest extreme sadness or despondency.
Even now people accept the biblical view of creation or
it has not 'abated'. Moderate' is to become less extreme
or intense. In the given context it is more apt to say
reduced, decreased or 'abated'. Choice (5)
14. He was a 'compulsive' 'confirmed' or an 'inveterate'
hoarder. But 'dedicated' is not apt as it blends more with
a profession like a 'dedicated teacher'. 'Oppressive'
hoarder is incorrect usage. He never 'discarded',
'jettisoned' or 'threw away' anything. "Discharged' is
totally out of context. Choice (2)
15. People who believe in rumours can be called 'paranoic'
or 'credulous'. Even those who are 'deprived' of
scientific education believe in rumours. Hence the most
appropriate pair of words would be 'paranoic' and
'deprived'. Choice (3)
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Solutions for questions 16 to 29:
16. Sentences D and A are linked by reference to structure
of the atom A and C are linked to reference to X ray
(clearly C follows A) E and B are linked by reference to
‘radio-active substances’. Choice (3)
17. Sentence D clearly follows E as it presents an option
different from that given in E and is linked to it with ‘on
the other hand’. Sentence C ends with ‘not yet ……
appreciated’ and A follows with ‘There is still a
tendency……’. C follows D as ‘these basic facts’ in C
refers to the facts in E and D. B begins by introducing
the subject ‘energy’. Choice (4)
18. B is the first sentence as it introduces the book which is
the subject in the statements that follow. D follows B
since ‘At once amusing and contemplative’ describes
the book. C and E go together as they compare India
and China. A is conclusive in nature – ‘what stands
out…’ concludes the ideas. Choice (1)
19. B is clearly the first sentence as it states the topic. It is
clear that AC go together as also ED. AC follows ED in
chronology. Choice (4)
20. B is the first sentence as it introduces the subject ‘child
labourer’ and ‘India’. E follows as it sets forth the
condition prevalent at present and is linked to B by the
subject. A on the other has moved on to ’child labour’
(abstract). C and A are linked by the government and
policies. Choice (1)
21. Statement D is the opening sentence of the para as it
introduces the subject ‘wet lands’. C follows elaborating
the idea in D. E follows DC better than A because E
draws a parallel between the people in the Andaman
and the Devonian amphibians in C. A and B talk of the
present attitude. Choice (3)
22. C is the first sentence as it is a generalised statement
that is elaborated by the paragraph. E follows since it
gives an example to prove what is stated in C. A follows
carrying the idea to another realm. D exemplifies what
is stated in A; B concludes. Choice (2)
23. C introduces the topic. B follows for the sentences are
linked by the reference to speed and miles. A then
follows, for the word ‘disobedience’ in A refers to what
has been stated in B. E contradicts what has been
stated in A and D gives the reason for E. Hence we
have CBAED. Choice (4)
24. Choices 3 and 4 can be eliminated because they begin
with statement E. Statement E cannot be the
introductory statement of the paragraph because the
word ‘now’ in statement E indicates that E is an
elaboration of an idea expressed in another statement.
Statement D sets the tone of the passage and hence it
is an appropriate statement to begin the para.
Statement A is appropriate as a sentence which follows
D, because it is a continuation of D. Choice (2)
25. Statement A cannot begin the para because the words
‘as particular’ indicate that here a comparison is being
made and this implies that A is a continuation of
another statement. Hence choice 4, which begins with
A can be eliminated. Statement E sounds rather absurd
as the opening statement of the paragraph hence
choice 2 which begins with E is ruled out. Between
choices 1 and 3, the latter is more appropriate because
in choice 1, D is followed by A, but A is not a
continuation of D, because there is no correlation
between the two statements. Ideally D should be
followed by B. Choice (3)
26. Statement D should be preceded by another statement
in order to make complete sense and hence cannot
start the paragraph. Therefore choice 1, which begins
with D is incorrect. Statement A cannot be the
introductory statement of the paragraph because the
words ‘the theatre form’ in statement A indicate that
these words have a precedence in another statement
and hence need to be preceded by another statement.
Therefore choices 2 and 4 can be eliminated.
Choice (3)
27. Statement C is the most appropriate opening sentence
as it introduces the topic i.e., “Technological changes”.
D follows, for ‘they’ in D refers to the technological
changes mentioned in C. E follows, elaborating on the
economic growth mentioned in D. ‘These’ in B refers to
the major upheavals mentioned in E. Hence the
appropriate sequence is CDEBA. Choice (2)
28. EB are linked by the mention of Russia and China but E
cannot begin the paragraph ‘Iran’s announcement’ has
a previous reference found in B. So 2 and 4 are
possible options. D can follow C because of the word
‘still’ but it cannot precede it. This rules out option 4.
Choice (2)
29. The ‘it’ in C refers to ‘the clinical research business’.
Hence C follows D. E follows B because B states that
India is emerging as a favoured destination and E talks
of the establishment of the companies. These
combinations are available only in 4. Choice (4)
Solutions for questions 30 to 43:
30. Choice 4 should have ‘deal out’ (to say what
punishment somebody should have) and not ‘deal in’ (to
buy and sell a product or to accept as a basis for your
decision). Choice (4)
31. Choice 1 should be ‘fool around’ meaning to waste your
time instead of doing something useful. Choice (1)
32. Choice 3 should have ‘lined up’ – meaning to arrange
people or things in a row. Choice (3)
33. Statement 3 is incorrect. ‘Influence over’ means the
power that somebody has to make somebody behave in
a particular way. ‘Influence on’ means to affect a
persons thinking. The context takes ‘influence over’.
Choice (3)
34. Option 2 should read ‘tone down’, for when we talk of a
colour being made less bright or strong, we say ‘tone
down’ and not just ‘tone’. Choice (2)
35. “Bolt from blue” is inappropriate. The idiom is “a bolt
from the blue”. Choice (1)
36. The correct expression is ‘water off a duck’s back’
which means having no effect. Choice (1)
37. Sentence 2 has an error. The correct expression is ‘on
a roll’ which means having great success, which is likely
to continue. ‘On the rolls’ means one whose name is in
the attendance register. Choice (2)
38. Sentence 4 has an error. The correct expression is
‘behind the scenes’. Choice (4)
39. If you ‘let someone down’ you disappoint them by not
doing something that they expect of you. Sentence 1
should, therefore, be ‘He has let the side down…..’
Choice (1)
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40. The word ‘count’ is used inappropriately in choice 5.
The word ‘account’ is more appropriate here. To take
something into account means to consider particular
facts, circumstances etc. when making a decision about
something. Choice (5)
41. The word ‘cast’ is used inappropriately in choice 2.
‘Cast’ cannot be used with accusations. While it is
correct to say ‘cast aspersions’ or ‘cast a doubt’ it is
erroneous to use it with ‘accusations’. Accusations can
be made or levellfed against someone. Choice (2)
42. Statement 4 is erroneous. Here, the word ‘quick’ should
be followed by ‘off’. To be ‘quick off the mark’ means to
be fast in reacting to a situation. Choice (4)
43. The word ‘firm’ is used inappropriately in choice 3. Here
the reference is to accent which is deep and intense.
Hence the word ‘strong’ is appropriate but ‘firm’ cannot
be used. Choice (3)
Solutions for questions 44 to 56:
44. Costs can touch dizzy heights. So dizzily is correct and
not hazily which means vaguely – A. Recriminations
(mutual exchanges) is apt and not reprobations
(excluded from salvation) – A. One can instil certain
qualities in others, while one imbibes the qualities. So,
instil is correct here – B. Insidious means spreading
gradually without being noticed and causing harm.
Invidious is unfair and unpleasant. Insidious is suitable
here – B. A task or exercise can cause fatigue and
make one feel exhausted. Exhaustive means thorough
or comprehensive – A. The correct sequence is
AABBA. Choice (1)
45. Spur is to encourage action on a faster pace. Spurt
indicates an increase in pace or a gushing out. Spurred
is apt in the context – B. Nightmare and grappling are
the correct words to be used in the next sentence – A
and A. Baulked at in the next sentence brings out the
meaning of hesitated at. (She didn’t hesitate to
embarrass). Buffet, which suggests struggle one’s ways
through doesn’t fit the bill – B. Aggravate is to increase
the gravity of the problem or situation. Agglomerate is to
accumulate in a disorderly way – A. So, BAABA is
correct. Choice (2)
46. Unflinchingly suggests strong determination, unfeignedly
means genuinely. An argument is strong or weak. So
unflinchingly is more suitable in the context – A. Crux of
an issue is the essence of the issue. When we want to
indicate focus, we say emphasis or thrust – B. Bucolic
is the correct word and not buconic. While the former
refers to pastoral or rural, (the latter is generally
associated with plague (bubonic plague, a contagious
bacterial disease) – A. Lackadaisical (unenthusiastic,
laid-back attitude) is preferred to lacklustre (lacking in
conviction or vitality) – A. Ameliorate is to make
something better or improve. Alleviate is to lessen or
make less severe. So, alleviate the suffering is the
correct usage – B. Thus, choice (3) ABAAB is correct.
Choice (3)
47. ‘Pervasive’ refers to ‘spreading through every part’ and
‘persuasive’ refers to ‘make someone change their
mind’. In the present context, the phrase ‘enormously
expanded’ provides the clue. Hence, ‘pervasive’ is the
right word (A). The word ‘limit’ in the statement gives us
a clue. The correct word in this context is ‘exceeded’
which means ‘to go beyond a limit’. ‘Acceded’ is
inappropriate in the context. It has two meanings ‘to
accede’ is ‘to agree’ and ‘acceded’ refers to ‘taking up
an important position’ - (B). ‘To adopt’ means ‘to accept
and put into practice’ and ‘to adapt’ is ‘to adjust’. In the
present context ‘adopted’ is the appropriate - (B).
‘Continual’ refers to ‘something which is frequent where
as ‘continuous’ refers to ‘something which goes on
without break’. Here the word ‘continual’ is appropriate
as, many requests are made - (B). ‘Transmit’ refers to
‘passing through’ or ‘being a medium for’, whereas
‘transfer’ refers to ‘change or movement’. In the present
context, the ‘root’ is ‘the medium’ hence the use of
transmit is appropriate - (A). ABBBA. Choice (2)
48. ‘Ingenuous’ refers to a person who is simple and easily
influenced and ‘ingenious’ refers to a person who is
‘very clever and intelligent’. In the present context
‘ingenuous’ is appropriate, as, only simple and easily
influencable persons cannot detect malicious intentions
- (A). ‘Sedition’ refers to ‘writing or speech that may
cause people to rise against a government’ and
‘sedation’ refers to sleep. In the present context
‘sedition’ is the appropriate word - (B). ‘Indolence’ refers
to ‘laziness’ whereas ‘insolence’ refers to ‘rudeness’. In
the present context ‘apathy’ gives us a clue, it refers to
‘being unenthusiastic’ therefore it can be followed by
‘indolence’ - (A). ‘Dispel’ refers to ‘making something
especially a feeling disappear’ whereas ‘expel’ refers to
‘dismissal’ of a person etc. In the present context the
feeling of fear can be ‘dispelled’ and not ‘expelled’ - (B).
‘Disinterested’ refers to ‘not being involved in a
particular situation or not likely to benefit from it’ hence
can act in a fair and unselfish manner, whereas
‘uninterested’ refers to ‘not showing interest’. In the
present context, a critic should be fair and unbiased
hence should be ‘disinterested’ - (A). The statements
are ABABA. Choice (1)
49. ‘Officious’ refers to ‘the people who are eager to tell
others what to do when they should not’, whereas
‘official’ refers to ‘something approved by the
government or by someone in authority’. In the present
context the word ‘interference’ gives us a clue that the
correct word in the context is ‘officious’ - (B).
‘Congenial’ refers to ‘pleasant surroundings’ and
‘congenital’ refers to ‘from the time of birth’. In the
present context the obvious choice is ‘congenital’ - (B).
‘Conform’ refers ‘to obey a set of rules’ where as
‘confirm’ is ‘to support something by stating that it is
true’. In the present context since ‘rules and regulations’
are in question, ‘conform’ is the appropriate choice - (A).
‘Infested’ is something present in large numbers,
whereas ‘infected’ is getting a disease. The present
context reflects lack of energy leading to death hence
the appropriate choice is ‘infected’ - (A). ‘Inextricable’
refers to the one which cannot be separated where as
‘inexplicable’ refers ‘to something which cannot be
explained’. In the present context, the migration of birds
is a mystery, hence ‘inexplicable’ is the appropriate
word - (B). The statements are BBAAB. Choice (4)
50. The second part of the sentence makes it clear that it is
stated explicitly (clearly and precisely) not implicitly
(implied) hence B.
The sentence gives the circumstances under which
auction is the best way, hence it is ‘the’ transparent
way. (‘A’ transparent would mean just one way) hence B.
To pull out all sops means to withdraw the minor
benefits that were being given, hence A.
To be in full possession of your faculties means to be
alert and well aware, so A.
To be within the purview means be within the ambit of
something. So B. Hence BBAAB. Choice (4)
51. ‘Foods’ means the variety of food whereas food refers
to the things we eat, so A.
‘Consciousness’ is awareness whereas ‘conscience’
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 refers to feelings of right and wrong. Hence B.
‘Prosecution’ refers to the party that prosecutes
somebody in a court of law. ‘Persecution’ means to
treat in a cruel, unfair manner. So A.
‘Interpellate’ means to call for an explanation from a
member of a parliament in government; interpolate
means to insert. So B.
‘Flares’ are bright light used as signals, ‘flair’ means a
natural ability. So A.
Hence ABABA. Choice (3)
52. ‘Factious’ comes from faction or divisive tendencies.
‘Factitious’ means not genuine but made to appear to
be true. So A.
Modal verb is a kind of verb, model refers to a design or
pattern. So B.
Modus Vivendi means the manner of living and modus
operandi the manner of working. The latter is
appropriate here – so B.
‘Meritorious’ is someone with merit. ‘Meretricious’ is
showy. Since the student winning the prizes was not a
surprise, he must be meritorious – A.
‘Carat’ is a measure of weight (0.2 gms) for precious
stones, ‘Caret’ is a sign to show that, something must
be inserted – B. Hence ABBAB. Choice (5)
53. A priori argument is using facts or principles that are
known to be true in order to decide what the probable
effects or results will be. A posteriori is analysing
starting from known facts (the streets are wet, so it must
have been raining) – hence A,
‘Flout’ is to deliberately break or ignore rules, ‘flaunt’ is
to show off. The latter is appropriate here – B.
'Climactic’ relates to climax ‘Climatic’ to climate. In the
context of global warming it is climatic – B.
De facto is in fact, de jure is in law. Since the general
‘took’ the control, it has to be in fact – A.
‘Portentous’ means serious intended to impress,
pretentious is false, hence the former – A.
Hence ABBAA. Choice (1)
54. ‘Commended’ means ‘praised’ while ‘commanded’
means ‘got by virtue of excellence’ which does not suit
the context. Hence B.
Commended is followed by ‘for’. Hence B.
‘Condone’ is to pardon while’ condole’ is to console.
Hence B.
‘Rein’ in means to control ‘reign’ means to rule. Hence A.
‘Provoke’ is to make someone do something which is
apt in the context. ‘Revoked’ is to withdraw as a law or
a ruling. Hence A. BBBAA. Choice (4)
55. Standards ‘of’ something is apt. Hence B.
‘Morality’ has to do with ethics and values while
‘mortality’ refers to longevity of life. Hence A.
‘unveil’ is to remove the veil from.’ Inveigle’ is to draw
someone into doing something they do not really want
to do. The word ‘upright’ suggests that B is the right
choice. Hence B.
‘Rare’ is something uncommon. ‘Rear’ is to nurture or
bring up. Hence B.
To ‘project’ is to make people see something in a
particular way. To ‘propel’ is to make something move
in a particular direction. ‘Project’ suits the context.
Hence A. BABBA. Choice (2)
56. ‘Sensual’ is something that gives pleasure to your
physical senses. ‘Sensuous’ gives pleasure to the mind
or body through the senses. Hence B Appeal is
followed by ‘of’. Hence B ‘Dubious’ which means not
really true collocates with claim. ‘Doubtful’ means
‘uncertain’. Hence A.
‘Yolk’ is the yellow part of an egg. ‘Yoke’ is the piece of
wood which is tied across the necks of two animals
eg.oxen. It also means to be forced to live in a difficult
or unhappy state. ‘Parental yoke’ would imply living
under suppression by parents. Hence B. ‘Canvass’ is to
persuade people to vote for someone in an election.
‘Canvas’ is a thick type of cloth used for making tents,
which suits the context. Hence B. Ans – BBABB
Choice (5)
Solutions for questions 57 to 72:
57. The given para appreciates the explorative spirit of
Portugal and compares it with another great power of
the time China. The question in choice 1 has already
been answered in the para, hence it can be ruled out.
Choice 3 makes China the subject and choice 2 the
Europeans. Only in choice 4 is the focus still on
Portugal while the comparison with China continues.
Choice (4)
58. The paragraph discusses our changed attitude to
science. From being considered a panacea, we are now
conscious of the limitations and the negative results of
science. Choice 1 focuses on the scientist whereas the
focus of the para is on science. It talks of ‘both fronts’
not mentioned in the para. Choice 2 focuses on the
willingness of scientists to own the responsibility for the
state and be prepared to discuss the issue. Choice 3
gives an example but it does not exemplify what is
stated in the penultimate sentence. Choice 4 begins
with ‘such happenings….’. But no happening is there in
the para. Choice (2)
59. The paragraph points to the furore created by texting
and links it to the reactions to other new technologies in
history. The penultimate line mentions the short span of
time in which texting has aroused such reactions.
Choice 4 links to it with a mention of the time period the
technology has been around. Choice 1 does not
conclude but leads on to further discussion. Choice 3 is
irrelevant as it focuses on the financial angle. Choice 2
is negative in tone but is merely the opinion of one
person and hence inappropriate to conclude the para.
Choice 4 links with ‘time’ in the penultimate sentence.
Choice (4)
60. The paragraph is about the complexity of the world and
the simplicity and limitation of our thinking because of
which it cannot capture the reality. The example of
three dimensional earth captured on two dimensional
plane illustrates the anomaly and says we can only
approximate reality. Choice 2 concludes by focusing on
the limitation. Choice 1, and 3 introduce new ideas and
are more apt to begin a para. Choice (2)
61. The paragraph talks about ‘nostalgia for the past’. The
tone of the passage reflects the ‘futility of brooding over
the past’, though a completely negative attitude towards
it should also be avoided. It brands this ‘nostalgia’ as
‘intellectually sterile’ which indicates that it is of no
practical use. Statements 1 and 3 are completely
negative in their tone as they talk about ‘completely
erasing …..’ which contradicts the tone of the passage.
Statements 4 and 5 too contradict by saying that ‘one
has to be nostalgic’. Statement 2 gives a valid reason
and is a continuity of the idea of why being nostalgic for
the past is intellectually sterile. Hence is the correct
statement. Choice (2)
62. The entire para summarises the essence of India and
reflects its plurality i.e., a nation having many different
groups of people belonging to various races. Secondly
it talks about India’s ‘unity in diversity’. The people
believe in tolerance. Thirdly Indian administrative
structure is described as an efficient one.
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 Statement 2 contradicts the idea of the paragraph by
suggesting that ‘India has no effective administrative
system’. Statement 5 also contradicts the idea of the
paragraph. The paragraph already mentions that
‘Indians believe …..tolerance ….’ Hence statement 5 is
inappropriate. Statement 1 does not conclude the
paragraph effectively, this is because the penultimate
sentence of the paragraph already say that ‘Indians
believe in tolerance as a core value’ hence ‘growth of
religious tolerance’ need not be mentioned again.
Between statements 3 and 4. Statement 4 offers the
best conclusion. Statement 3 makes India one of the
democracies in the world, whereas statement 4
highlights ‘pluralist’ which focuses on the variety
mentioned in the para. The appropriate statement is 4.
Choice (4)
63. The paragraph tells us about the efficiency of gene
therapy for finding cure for diseases like AIDS, ‘though
it is in its infancy’. It also tells us that the level of
achievement in the process of finding a treatment for
AIDS is hampered by a small obstacle.
Statements 1 and 2 have a negative tone and do not
form a good conclusion as the paragraph is in a
‘positive tone’ and proceeds logically with a smooth flow
of the idea. Statement 3 is incorrect as it stresses on
the need of finding out the structure of the virus. The
very first line mentions that the ‘..blue print of virus is
known’. Statement 4 forms a generalised conclusion but
here the paragraph specifically talks about ‘gene
therapy’. When we compare statement 4 with 5,
statement 5 is specific, tells us about the future course
of action and moreover complies with the smooth flow
of idea. The appropriate statement is 5. Choice (5)
64. Choice 1 mentions 'some of the reasons' but it does not
suggest any solution and hence cannot be a good
conclusion. The paragraph on the whole talks about the
dangers of child marriage and choice 4 can be the best
concluding line as it suggests a solution. Choice 3 is an
unconnected statement whereas the idea given in
choice 2 talks about 'national and international
organisations’ declaring it illegal. But here it is the
people who have to change. Law cannot change
people's attitude. Choice (4)
65. Choices 1, 4 and 5 speak about the witness whereas
the passage talks about the Supreme Court order. The
passage mentions a supreme court order which 'should
not' be overlooked by any advocate. Choices 2 and 4
are not assertive enough as 'would' is used in place of
'should'. Choice (3)
66. The passage mentions the 'privacy of the nations' which
might be invaded into if this site becomes accessible all
over the world. This idea is given in choice 2. Choice 1
can be eliminated as it says it may help in
understanding ‘the origin of ideas'. Choice 3 also
mentions 'amusement and laughter' which cannot follow
the last sentence. Choice 4 is a defensive statement in
support of the Google which is not in line with the tone
of the passage. Choice (2)
67. A list of natural disasters is given in the passage. All
th
these happened on the 26 . Choice 1 can follow as it
continues with the idea of the link between the 26th and
natural disasters. Choice 2 mentions another such
th
event that happened on the 26 and thus cannot
conclude the passage. The idea mentioned in choice 3
is already stated in the given passage and thus
becomes redundant. Choice 4 is a personal comment,
the tone of which doesn't agree with the passage.
Choice 5 is too categorical. Since the para carries no
belief or opinion the word ‘superstition’ is not
appropriate to the context. Choice (1)
68. The paragraph begins by saying that global cooling was
a real phenomenon (implying that we do not consider it
to be so) and goes on to give an example that shows
how it was a real phenomenon that changed world
history. Choice 2 concludes the para by giving our
present attitude (implied in the opening sentence).
Choice 1 appears to be the concluding sentence but it
merely reiterates the idea in the first sentence whereas
choice 2 strengthens what is said in the first sentences.
Choices 3, 4 and 5 continue with the idea of cold but do
not conclude the para. Choice (2)
69. Choices 2 and 3 can be ruled out as they only repeat
the idea in the para but do not bring it to a logical close.
Choices 1, 4 and 5 all appear to be the concluding
sentence with identical beginnings. But a closer reading
shows that choice 4 alone is a valid reason for the idea
not catching on. Choice 5 is not in line with the idea in
the para. Choice (4)
70. The paragraph shows why it is foolish to call a terrorist
act insane because terrorists often have precise
objectives and they succeed in their objective through
their act. Choice 1 concludes the para by saying that it
is therefore a dangerous underestimation to call it
insane. Choices 2 and 5 contradict the idea in the para.
Choice 3 does not conclude the para. Choice 4 is in
keeping with the idea and appears to conclude the para
but the para is not about terrorist but our perception of
terrorism and hence only choice 1 concludes the idea.
Choice (1)
71. The given para says that it is not difficult to attract
butterflies to your garden since all they want is nectar,
to feed and a place to lay eggs. Choice 3 concludes the
para by saying that if you provide the two, you would
succeed in attracting butterflies to your garden. Choices
1 and 2 relate to the idea in the para but do not
conclude it choice 4 and 5 are very generalised and
hence do not conclude. Choice (3)
72. The paragraph begins with Indonesia’s refusal to share
the virus sample and goes on to give the reason for it.
Choice 1 concludes the para by going back to the
inequities in the system. Choice 5 can be ruled out on
the basis of tense. Since the option says ‘has devised’ it
means that the system is already in place which
negates what precedes in the paragraph (there is a
definite prospect ……. countries that had supplied …..
will have no right). Choice 2, 3 and 4 relate to Indonesia
whereas the para has moved on from Indonesia to
WHO. Choice (1)
Solutions for questions 73 to 86:
73. Part A is erroneous because the determiner ‘many’ has
to be replaced by ‘few’ to make the sentence logically
correct. The idiomatic expression ‘lived down’ is used in
the sentence in a positive sense. It is used to refer to
the forgetting of an embarrassment over a period of
time. Since the sentence begins with it is a pity, we can
logically conclude that ‘few’ and not ‘many’ can fit in the
context. The use of the preposition ‘of’ in part B makes
it incorrect. It should read struggles ‘with’ grammar. In
part C, made to suffer as much should read so much.
We use ‘as’ when we compare (as much as). Here,
there is no comparison. Only parts D and E are correct.
Choice (2)
74. Only part B is free of errors. In part A, the participle
‘accepting’ has to be used to make the sentence
grammatically correct. This sentence does not take the
infinitive ‘to accept’. Part ‘C’ has two errors. ‘Thanks to
such protection’ should be followed by a comma.
5
 Besides, the noun ‘production’ does not fit, in the
context - productivity is preferred as we are talking
about efficiency levels of workers. Tense error (suffers)
in part D makes that incorrect. The past tense verb
(suffered) should be used. The apostrophe in 1980s
makes part E erroneous. Choice (5)
75. The conjunction ‘and’ in part B has to be preceded by a
comma (…live with five students and they…). Note that
the conjunction and is used thrice in this sentence. The
one which figures in the middle takes a comma before it
as it links two ideas. The preposition ‘over’ has to be
replaced by ‘about’ in part C to make it correct. In part
E, the article ‘a’ before the word part is unnecessary.
We are part of something not a part of something. The
article is used only when we ‘want to indicate that we
‘play a part’ (a role). Choice (1)
76. Statements A, C and E are grammatically incorrect.
Statement A is incorrect because the comma after
‘colonize’ breaks the sentence where no pause is
necessary. In sentence C, the definite article ‘the’ is
missing before ‘work’. Here the work is specific - what is
done by the microbes, hence it takes a definite article
‘the’ before it. In sentence E, the use of ‘from’ is
incorrect - this is because the context tells us about the
means of entry of the microbes, hence the usage of
‘through’ is appropriate. The sentences B and D are
grammatically correct. Choice (1)
77. Statements A, B and E are grammatically incorrect. In
statement A ‘an active volcano’ is a parenthetical
expression describing Mt. Etna, hence has to be
separated from the rest of the sentence with the help of
commas. The comma preceding ‘an active volcano’ is
missing, hence incorrect. In statement B ‘largest’ is an
adjective describing ‘lakes’ and ‘northern’ is another
adjective describing lakes or qualifying lakes. The
positioning of adjective ‘largest’ is incorrect as here it
qualifies ‘northern lakes’ hence should precede
‘northern’. In statement E the error lies in the usage of
‘age’. Middle age refers to the ‘age of a person’ when
we talk about ‘a period of time’ we use ‘ages’. Here we
need to remember that ‘for a period of time’ we can also
use ‘age’ for ex:- ‘Palaeolithic age’, Neolithic age etc’.
but here the word ‘age’ changes the meaning as it is
used after middle, hence ages. Choice (4)
78. Statements B, C, D and E are grammatically incorrect.
In statement B, the use of ‘problem’ is incorrect, it
should be ‘problems’ this is because ‘tuberculosis’ is
‘one of the many problems’. In sentence C there should
be commas after ‘Everyday’ and ‘in India’ – ‘Everyday,
in India, more than…..’. In statement D, the use of the
preposition ‘from’ is inappropriate. ‘People suffer from a
disease’ and ‘die of a disease’ hence ‘from’ should be
replaced by ‘of’. In the statement E the word ‘combined’
is wrongly positioned. It should be placed after ‘tropical
diseases’, which means that ‘tuberculosis alone kills
more people than all other tropical diseases’.
Choice (1)
79. Sentence A is ungrammatical. ‘…to hunt’ should
correspondingly take ‘to escape’. Also when it say ‘two’
it is better to use ‘and’ and not ‘or’. Sentence B is
incorrect as it has to be ‘…either side of the head’ and
not ‘sides’. Choice (2)
80. The phrase ‘tens of thousands’ is used wrongly in
sentence B. The use of the tenses is incorrect in
sentence D ‘began’ and ‘are’. Choice (3)
81. Sentence A is ungrammatical as the adverb ‘often’
should be used after ‘is’ (i.e.) ‘… is often asserted’ as
adverbs of frequency is always used between the
verbs. The meaning of sentence B is unclear because
of the lack of a preposition after depth’ (i.e.) ‘… depth
with which the subjects…’. Choice (4)
82. The use of the determiner ‘any’ in sentence C is
incorrect. The sentence has a negative tone. It has to
be ‘… no child is safe in this world’ because the use of
drugs is increasing or ‘every child is unsafe…’. The
responsibility lies ‘in’ or ‘with’ someone but not ‘on’ as
given in sentence D. Choice (5)
83. B, D and E are grammatically correct. A is wrong
because if dedicated is used with an action, that action
should be expressed in progressive tense. Moreover,
the pronoun ‘its’ refers to Chinese language, which is
absurd. Therefore, it should be replaced with Chinese.
Thus, the corrections is ‘……….. dedicated to
teaching….. and promoting Chinese culture’. C is wrong
as ‘as much as’ refers to aimed at, so we should have a
verb that goes with ‘support abroad’, such as garnering
or strengthening, etc. Thus, the correction is ‘…..
garnering support abroad in that…..’ Choice (4)
84. Only B and E are grammatically consistent. A is wrong
because….. are also essential (in C)….. suggests a
comparison between mass transit options and
measures and ensuring access. Therefore, A requires
‘while’ – ‘While mass transit….’ C is wrong because
‘ensuring access…..’ is the continuation of the idea
‘measures’, it should be ‘to ensure’. D is wrong because
we have a purpose (i.e. the purpose of measures) and
not a reason, we should present mitigating as to +
mitigate, i.e. not only to mitigate….’. Choice (5)
85. Only E is grammatically consistent. A is incorrect
because the negative ‘not’ should be placed before the
main verb, i.e., before be. Hence, the correction is ‘…..
not be…..’. B is wrong because when we use
expressions like ‘in no case’, ‘at no point of time’, etc.,
we should place a verb (helping or modal auxiliary)
immediately after them. Thus, the correction is ‘should
the state……’. C is wrong because the verb attempt
always takes ‘to+verb’ form and not ‘at + − ing’ form –
‘to curtail’. D is wrong because the clause beginning
with ‘unless’ should be positive as its main clause
always remains negative. Hence, the correction is
‘unless such an expression is against…….’
Choice (5)
86. A, B and C are grammatically correct. D is wrong.
‘Forcible’ refers to carrying out something through
physical force. It is wrong because the context suggests
taking effective steps. Hence, ‘forceful’ which means
effective or strong is apt. ‘Illicit’ is not the right adjective
because it suggests breaking a code of conduct apart
from meaning breaking a law. Therefore, ‘illegal’ is the
correct adjective that can go with migration.
Choice (1)
Solutions for questions 87 to 100:
87. The key to this question lies in identifying the idea link
in statements E and C. E talks of India not having
ratified the Convention and C explains why it is
necessary. As C follows E, choices (1) and (5) can be
ruled out. The damage in sentence D is a clear
reference to what has been described in A. Statement B
extends the idea of ‘prohibiting’ torture referred to in A.
So, DBEC link is established. Choice (2)
88. The para begins by stating that containing
environmental damage and energy consumption in
building sectors in not an impossible task. Statement (D)
6
 supports it by stating that emerging technologies can
help in making it possible. The words ‘their adoption in
statement ‘C’ refers to the technologies in D. So, ADC
link is clear. The ‘return to basics in simple design’ in
statement C is elaborated in statement B by citing studies.
Statement E concludes with a comment. (Unfortunately,
basic principles are ignored). Choice (2)
89. ‘There followed’ in statement D raises the question
followed what. This finds an answer only in statement A.
Poivre’s expedition. B provides names of those who
undertook expeditions. So, ADB link is seen. The
‘successful biopirates’ in B helped in spices finding new
homes (Statement E). C provides examples and
concludes the para. Choice (1)
90. Only E can follow A (the pronoun they in E stands for
the majority in A). Statement C brings out the idea that
this is not a new phenomenon (locals feeling the threat
and foreign influence). The contrast between what is
apparent and what is real is broughtout by linking DB in
the same sequence. So, choice (4) is the most logical
sequence. Choice (4)
91. Statement C follows A. A refers to the ‘job reservations’
for backward classes and statement C tells us that these
‘quotas’ were introduced well before independence.
Statement B follows C, this is because it tells us about
the consequences that the ‘colonial administration’
(introduced in statement C) had to face after
introduction of these quotas, hence it is a continuation
of C. Statement D follows E, logically as statement D
gives more information about the ‘provisions’ introduced
in statement E. The correct order is CBED.
Choice (4)
92. Statement E is obviously a continuation of A as, the
word ‘predecessor’ in statement E refers to ‘Indian Civil
Service’ introduced in A. Statement E also gives
information about ‘conditions ……… changing’ and
statement B introduces the conditions that have
changed starting with the ‘role of the civil servant’.
Statement D is a continuation of statement B as it tells
us about the ‘position or status’ of the district officer
mentioned in statement B, before the onset of
democracy. Statement C is a continuation of statement
D because, in statement D the ‘attitude’ towards the
district officer who was viewed as a ‘surrogate parent’ is
reflected and statement C reflects the disadvantages of
this attitude. We can see this in the line ‘… not a
patrimonial system of administration’. The correct order
is EBDC. Choice (3)
93. Statement D is a continuation of statement A as, ‘This’
in statement D refers to the ‘active role’ taken by the
judiciary. Statement ‘C’ follows statement B as here it
gives the continuation of the ‘opinion’ expressed by the
Chief Justice of India. The linkage between statement B
and D can be seen in the phrase ‘limits of judicial
activism’ in statement D, which is reflected as
‘legislative and executive failures’ in statement B; hence
B follows D. Statement E tells us about the after effects
of the lecture of Chief Justice hence it follows C. The
correct order is DBCE. Choice (5)
94. Statement B follows statement A. In statement A
‘communalism’ is introduced and statement B tells us
about the ‘solution that the people adopted to solve it’.
Similarly statement D is a continuation of statement B
as it tells us or gives more information about ‘partition’
introduced in statement B. Statement E follows D. In
statement D the ‘opinion during the time of partition’ is
expressed and statement E further tells us ‘the situation
or fate of India and Pakistan now’ or ‘what they have
become’. It also emphasises on ‘Indian secular idea’
which is continued in the last statement C, which
concludes the paragraph. The correct order is BDEC.
Choice (2)
95. Since D adds to the unpleasant results emanating from
climate change, it should follow A. B explains a reason
for genocide, i.e. competition for resources. Further, D
gives the full name – Dr.Juergen Zimmerer whereas B
says only Dr.Zimmerer showing that it comes after D. C
strengthens what is said in B, i.e. fear…..intensified….fast
depleting….’ Finally, E adds one more reason for
genocide. Thus, the correct order is DBCE.
Choice (1)
96. As we explain the nature of the capitalist economy in A
and B raises a question as to how it happened, they
form a pair. D explains what the process is. ‘This
process….’ in E….’ refers to what is explained in D,
hence it should follow D. C explains further what the
freedom really means. Therefore, the correct order is
BDEC. Choice (5)
97. Since D explains what happens on the surface of
Euceladus, it should follow A. ‘South polar activity….’ in
B refers to ‘geysers’ erupting…’ in D, hence it should
follow D. Further ‘this plume’ refers to the ‘vast plume of
vapour’ in D. ‘The plume….’ in C refers to ‘this plume’ in
B, hence it should follow B. E should come at the end
because it brings out a new idea. The order is DBCE.
Choice (3)
98. C presents a change in the condition of the country
Malawi, hence it should follow A. B supports what is
said in C, hence it follows C. Farmer’s crediting their
success to the fertilizer subsidization policy of the
government should come next; it is followed by E which
explains how fertilizers could contribute to country’s
success. Thus, the correct order is CBDE.
Choice (5)
99. Since D elaborates on our progress in science and
Technology, it should follow A. B adds to what is said in
D, i.e. it makes it clear that our economy is growing
even in other fields apart from S & T. Therefore, it
should follow D. C explains how our influence as an
emerging world power is increasing. Hence, it should
follow B. E presents a caution and thus completes the
argument. Therefore, the right order is DBCE.
Choice (2)
100. The phrases ‘The evidence….’ and ‘….silvery gray
stone….blasted off….’ in C refer to solidified lava in A,
hence it should follow A. ‘Roving stone…in E refers
to….silvery gray stone…. in C, hence it should follow C.
As ‘the chemicals…. ‘ in B refers to olivine and
pyroxene in D, DB form a pair. ‘These chemicals’ in B
makes it clear that it follows D. Thus, the right order is
CEDB. Choice (4)
7
Explanatory Notes for 1 to 50:
Number of words and Explanatory notes for RC:
Passage : 795
101. According to the passage, the conception that the
consequences of policy should not privilege any
conception of the good or conception of ultimate
values is incoherent. Through examples the author
reiterates that a policy of indifference would
necessarily privilege one side on the other, as there is
no third way. Hence any policy outcome cannot
clearly be neutral as it is bound to favour one or the
other side of the divide in any contested area of
public policy. So (1) is the correct choice.
Choice (1)
102. Though (2) appears to be appropriate, (3) is the most
appropriate as the passage suggests that ‘Because
the liberal state does not take a substantive view …
neutral about ultimate ends’ (para 1).
Choice (3)
103. The author says that “if people are allowed to enter
the agreement with full knowledge of their own
position in society….., then they will have a tendency
to bargain to maximise their own advantage’. He also
refers to the bias as one of “self preference (last
para). So to prevent this, a veil of ignorance is
necessary. Choice (4)
104. According to the passage ‘liberalism does take a view
on the core ethical significance of individuals’ (para 2,
line17). Further ‘Liberalism must give priority to
equality of concern and respect and the idea of
separateness of persons’ (para 3). So (2) is the
correct choice. Choice (2)
105. “Rawl’s basic intention is that fairness or impartiality
……….. We are nevertheless motivated to improve
our condition in life’, so (4) is the correct alternative
Choice (4)
Number of words and Explanatory notes for RC:
Passage : 1,069
106. Inflation is the means and soundness of the economy
is the end. By assuming that control of inflation is
synonymous with the strength of the economy, the
IMF penalises countries which actually have a sound
economy, fulfil developmental obligations and hence
deserve assistance. Choice 2 reflects this. Choice 3
is wrong because the IMF has drawn an inverse
relationship between inflation and economic health,
not a direct one. Choice (2)
107. Evidence of Ethiopia’s macro-economics being sound
is found in option 3. Refer to para 2, line 12 – 13.
Choice (3)
108. Refer to para 2, lines 1 – 3. Other donors willing to
dole out aid is not one of the reasons why IMF aid to
Ethiopia was denied. Choice (4)
109. Refer to para 5, lines 2 – 6. Choice (1)
110. Choice 4 is not the view expressed through the
passage. It is negated by para (5). Choice 1 is the
general view of para 2. Choice 2 is expressed in the
last part of para 2, especially through the rhetorical
question. Choice 3 is expressed in para 1.
Choice (4)
Number of words and Explanatory notes for RC:
Passage : 685
111. The words in quote occur at the beginning of para 2
and refer to what is stated in para 1. Choice 1 is the
implied meaning. Choice 5 is not the author’s opinion.
Choices 2, 3 and 4 are not implied but partly stated.
Choice (1)
112. Refer to para 3 – we ask this question because we
believe that everything should be based on reason.
Even when we are led by an instinct we want to give
it the appearance of rationality. Choice 5 is not the
answer because the author is not sure that there is a
logical basis for our love of reason. Choice 4 is not
the answer because though it is the ‘glint of the
golden mean’ that attracts us to the mean, we want to
justify our choice as being reasonable (by giving a
reason for it). Hence we are trying to make our
instinctual response to appear to be based on reason
(or cloaking it in reason). Choice (2)
113. Option (1) is incorrect as the author hasn’t given
evidences to say that reason has been used by
people of different times. The last para renders option
(2) incorrect and option (3) correct, option (4) (5) are
not the focus. Choice (3)
114. Refer to para 2 which supports B and C.
Choice (3)
115. Refer to the last para which supports all the options
and negates choice 4. Choice (4)
Number of words and Explanatory notes for RC:
Passage : 792
116. Refer to the third para from the end which says ‘you
can only gape at its chutzpah’, which means it
audacity or supreme self confidence. The reference is
to Israel asking for action against Iran.
Choice (1)
117. Refer to the second para where the author agrees
with Bush and Brown and then goes to ask why
neither recognizes the fact that Israel possesses
nuclear bombs. Choice (4)
118. The words in quote occur at the end of para 1 and the
question is asked to bring the focus on Israel (from
Iran) and to point to the double standard adopted by
the U.S. in its dealings with Iran and Israel.
Choice (2)
119. Choice 5 sums up the basis of the passage. The
author questions why the U.S. wants to shut its eyes
to the fact that Israel is a nuclear power and break its
own policy of not giving aid to a country that has
weapons of mass destruction (para 3).
Choice (5)
120. The word in quote are from para 8. The end of the
previous para together with the beginning of para 8
points to choice 3. Choice (3)
Number of words and Explanatory notes for RC:
Passage : 1,128
121. Refer to para 4 – option 1 is not the author's opinion.
Option 2 is only an intermediate step to the author’s
opinion of what Diamond means. Choice 3 is also not
the author’s opinion. Choice 4 is neither stated nor
implied. Choice 5 is Diamond’s opinion (from the
quote) – ‘inherent traits’ correspond to ‘animal
heritage’. Choice (5)
8
122. Choice 4 is negated by the last para, first sentence.
Choice 1 is true as per the quote from Foley (third
para from the end). Choice 2 is true as per para 6
which gives Foley’s opinion. Choice 3 is true as per
para 5. Choice 5 is true as the passage shows.
Choice (4)
123. The author’s opinion as discerned from the passage
is choice 2. This is clear from para 1. The author
begins by saying that we frame theories and ‘fit the
facts’ into it. In the second half of the para he says
that when we are dealing with human nature or
human origin the frame work is open ‘to political
philosophical and cultural influences’. Choice 1 is not
stated. Choice 3 and 4, though true, are not the
author’s objectives. Choice 5 is incorrect – the author
says we frame theories and then fit facts.
Choice (2)
Number of words and Explanatory notes for RC:
Passage : 905
124. The author in this passage opines that though
population may be an issue (last para), the real
problem is the focus on growth which leads to more
and more exploitation of resources. He points out that
the people of the developed world consume far more
than world those of poorer countries and are
therefore more guilty.
Choice 1 negates the idea in passage.
Choice 2 negates the idea in passage.
Choice 3 is not stated.
Choice 4 is not stated though he expresses
reservations about meat consumption.
Choice 5 is true – para 5. Choice (5)
125. Para 6 shows that consumption in developed
countries is 16 times more than in developing
countries, while the 2nd last para speaks of the
problem based by the growth in number of cattle.
Choice (4)
126. The author is of the view that economic growth would
lead to increase in consumption and, therefore,
further pressure on the environment. Thus, choice 3
is not true. Choice (3)
Number of words and Explanatory notes for RC:
Passage: − 675
127. ‘Biophysical approaches - - - - - modify their
behavior’. (para 1, end). Choice (3)
128. ‘Few school-based interventions have emerged from
this model’ (para 2, end). This shows that (3) is the
correct choice. Choice (3)
129. In the first paragraph, it is mentioned that though the
emphasis may be different, all the models focus on
the internal and external forces, so (5) is the correct
choice. Choice (5)
Number of words and Explanatory notes for RC:
Passage: − 824
130. The line, ‘when just about everything is acceptable
……………. clear moral choices’ (para 2, first
sentence) shows that (3) is the correct choice.
Choice (3)
131. Refer to line 12 – 14 para 2. ‘Must be a way of life’
shows that (1) is true. ‘Integrity is of much greater
importance than an analytical ability’ shows that (2) is
true. ‘It must not be worn on one’s sleeve’ shows that
(3) is true. ‘It is not grey’ shows that (5) is true.
Choice (4)
132. The passage opens with the line, ‘In a crisis when
………….. should be doing’. It shows that the problem
is when one is asked to do something he should not
be doing. So the dilemma one faces which has given
rise to the passage is what one faces when he is
asked to carry one an unethical order. Choice (5)
Number of words and Explanatory notes for RC:
Passage: 1,447
133. The correct option is 2. The last sentence of the
passage mentions Wittgenstein and his definition of
eternity. Option 1 can be ruled out as it never
mentions being optimistic about uncertainties. Option
4 contradicts the information as it says that one cares
about or realizes the importance of physical
immortality. Option 3 mentions past which are
irrelevant. Option 5 is incorrect as it mentions about
the significance of events but according to
Wittgenstein ‘change’ in life (transition) should not
have influence on the person only then can he be
considered immortal. The appropriate meaning is
captured only in option 2. Choice (2)
134. The correct option is 4. Option 1 is incorrect while in
physical immortality the conscious thought is
maintained (as mentioned in sentence 1 of paragraph
2) in biological immortality the opposite is not
necessarily the case. As the first sentence of a para 4
suggests, it is an absence of ageing and it is implied
that the consciousness would not be affected. Option
2 is incorrect. The first sentence of last para mentions
that it is not known whether physical immortality is
achievable or not. Option 3 is incorrect. In physical
immortality, disease and injury definitely play a role
as mentioned in the sentence 6 of para 2 but do
diseases play a role in biological immortality is not
mentioned in the passage. But sentence 7 of last
para clearly mentions that the person may die of
accidents. Option 5 is incorrect as sentence 3 of the
last para clearly says that biological immortality exists
(naturally) in some multicellular forms. The same is
not known about physical immortality. Moreover
physical immortality is related to consciousness and
human begins are also multicellular. Option 4 is
correct. The second sentence of para 2 clearly
mentions that an 'organic life source' is absent in
physical immortality i.e., the body, whereas the first
sentence of para 3 mentions that biological
immortality is just an absence of ageing i.e., even the
physical structure is maintained. Hence, the correct
option is 4. Choice (4)
135. The correct option is 2. Option 1 is correct, the first
six sentences of para 5 support this. Option 3 is
correct, the last sentence of paragraph 3 supports
this. Option 4 is correct, sentence 3 of para 7
supports this i.e., whether this type of immortality is
accepted or not, however it has a scientific
connection. Option 5 is correct. The last para clearly
supports this. Option 2 is incorrect, the above
explanation holds good for this and it was other
futurists, mentioned in the last paragraph who
asserted this. Choice (2)
9
Number of words and Explanatory notes for RC:
Passage : 738
136. Refer to the penultimate para that talks of Conrad’s
dreams and the reality. Choice (4)
137. Para 1 talks of Conrad’s novel Heart of Darkness. It
supports choices 1, 2, 4 and 5. Choice 3 however
does not find a mention. Choice (3)
138. ‘The white man’s burden’ finds a mention in the last
sentence of the passage and the para shows that
these were merely lofty statements. Words like ‘as if’,
‘exploitation’, ‘looted’, point to the colonizers actual
motives. Choice (2)
Number of words and Explanatory notes for RC:
Passage : 987
139. The words in quote occur in the first line of the last
para and refers to what is said in the previous para.
Refer to lines 12 - 15 which validates choice (5).
Choice 4 appears to be true but is not the opinion of
the author and there is some distortion from what is
said in line 3 - 6 of the penultimate para.
Choice (5)
140. All the options are borne out by para 2. Choice 2,
however, is not the opinion of the author but of Bryan
Appleyard. Choice (2)
141. Choice 4 is true as the first 3 paras show – people
are enamoured by the progress in science and the
power it gives, on the one hand, and fear the
consequences and the moral dilemma it poses, on
the other. Choice (4)
142. Refer to para 1 where ‘Faustian pact’ is mentioned.
Dr. Faust (Goethe’s protagonist) sold his soul to the
Devil to enjoy material comforts and power.
Choice (3)
Number of words and Explanatory notes for RC:
Passage : 1,150
143. Refer to the last two paragraphs where the author
explains why development is more an evolution than
creation. Development can occur only with
improvement in education, organization and discipline
and all these being people-centric cannot change
suddenly or dramatically. Choice (2)
144. Choice 4 is negated in para 3 (Simply to assume…. is
utterly unrealistic). The other options list what the
author believes to be true. Choice (4)
145. Refer to paras 4 and 5. The iceberg that is under
water is the larger part that supports the tip that is
visible over water. Hence it refers to all that is not
apparent but essential for the visible part. Choices 1 –
4 are such. Choice 5 is the visible part.
Choice (5)
146. Refer to the end of para 1 (so we had better have a
look at the whole problem). The reason is for two
thirds of mankind, that is more than 60% of the
people, a full and happy life seems unattainable.
Choice (3)
Number of words and Explanatory notes for RC:
Passage: 999
147. Choice (5) is false – the passage says ‘some
philosophers lack common sense’ where as the
choice generalises it to philosophers in general.
Choice (5)
148. Refer to para 1 – the words in quote appear in line
10. The preceding two lines talk about ‘we’ and ‘us’.
As such choices 2 and 4 which are about ‘life’ can be
ruled out. Choice 5 is too generalised and so can be
ruled out. Between choices 1 and 3, choice 1 implies
that we don’t understand anything about overselves
whereas choice 3 is more specific.
Choice (3)
149. The phrase ‘June of life’ refers to the time when we
are mature physically and mentally. The same can be
surmised from the context which says that we have
overcome the lust of flesh and the dross of the world.
Choice (4)
150. All the four choices are true as per the last para.
Choice (2)
10