CIVIL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

UITM PAHANG, KAMPUS JENGKA

COURSE NAME
COURSE CODE
OPEN-ENDED LAB
SEPTEMBER 2018 – JANUARY 2019

TITLE OF : THREE PINNED ARCH, SUSPENSION CABLE

EXPERIMENT SYSTEM
DATE OF : 1 JULY 2020
EXPERIMENT
GROUP : EC1104C
GROUP MEMBERS : 1. MUHAMMAD ADLI AMIN BIN MOHD AMZUKI
(2018677652)
2. MUHAMMAD ZAHIRUL AMRI BIN AMERUDIN
(2018214734)
3. NURUL SHUHADA BINTI ABU BAKAR
(2018418318)
4. NOR FATIN FATIHAH BINTI CHE LEH
(2018215836
LECTURER : AINAMARDIA BINTI NAZARUDDIN
LEVEL OF OPENESS : 0

NO ELEMENT COPO Marks COMMENTS

1 INTRODUCTION

2 BASIC CONCEPT
SUMMARY OF
3
PROCEDURES/METHOD
ANALYSIS AND
4 INTERPETATION OF
DATA
5 DISCUSSION OF RESULT 2 4 6 8 10

6 CONCLUSIONS 2 4 6 8 10

TOTAL MARKS /20

THREE PINNED ARCH

DATA ANALYSIS
L=100cm

R=22cm

EXPERIMENT 1(a)

Distance from A, x (m) Displayed horizontal Calculated horizontal

reaction (N) reaction (N)
2 5 2 4

0 0 0 4.55 9.09
0.012 0.5 1.3 4.50 8.98
0.025 1.0 2.6 4.43 8.86
0.0375 1.5 4.0 4.38 8.75
0.05 2.1 5.2 4.32 8.64
0.0625 1.6 4.1 4.26 8.5
0.075 1.1 2.8 4.20 8.41
0.0875 0.6 1.5 4.15 8.30

RIGHT HAND SIDE

HB=W(L-x) , r=0.22m, L=1m

2r
HB=W(1-x)
2(0.22)
=W(1-x)
0.44
EXPERIMENT 2(b)
UDL (N/m) Displayed horizontal Calculated horizontal
reaction (N) reaction (N)
25 13.0 14.2
50 26.0 28.4
75 39.0 42.6

UDL:
HB=WL2
8r
=W(1)2
8(0.22)
= W

1.76
DISSCUSION

An arch is known as a curved girder, having upward convexity and ending support.
The supports must successfully arrest displacements in both the horizontal and
vertical directions. Only then can there be arching behaviour. It has a diverse range
of applications in bridges, arched dams and in industrial, commercial and
recreational buildings. An arch is supported by abutments. The heels and crown are
the lowest and highest points of the arch, respectively; supports may be rolled,
pinned, or fixed. Horizontal distance between two heels is span L, a vertical distance
between heels line and crown is rise r. Here is the free body diagram for the three-
hinge arch with point load and also for three-hinge arch with UDL load:

Three hinge arch with point load

Three hinge arch with point uniform distributed load (UDL)

CONCLUSION

We may infer that the relation between the horizontal thrust on the support and the
load applied is directly proportional as the higher the load the higher the horizontal
thrust on the support

The rotation of the related structure is not impeded at the hinge at the crown. The
moment is also zero, since it does not resist rotation. Whereas the bending moment
in fixed supports is nonzero a sit resists rotation of the linked structure.

The probable reason of error in this experiment is the human error which hapen
during reading the value, the person reading may read the value incorrectly or
another group member unintentionally touch the three hinge arch. In addition, the
digital indicator does not reset to zero may cause the reading to be incorrect to a
smaller scale. In addition, the set of weights used may not be equal in size while the
weight is the same may contribute to percentage error.
SUSPENSION CABLE SYSTEM
Experimental case data
UDL, w (N/m) Cable Tension At Support
Left Pulley Right Pulley
Load Cell Actual Load Cell Actual Tension
Reading (kg) Tension (N) Reading (kg) (N)
0 0 0 0 0
25 0.90 8.829 1.06 10.398
50 1.74 17.069 2.06 20.208
75 2.44 23.936 2.86 28.056
100 3.22 31.588 3.70 36.297

Experimental and theoretical case data

UDL, w (N/m) Cable Tension At Support

Left Pulley Right Pulley
Load Cell Actual Load Cell Actual Tension
Reading (kg) Tension (N) Reading (kg) (N)
0 0 0 0 0
25 8.829 26 10.398 26
50 17.069 52 20.208 52
75 23.936 78 28.056 78
100 31588 104 36.297 104