Professional Documents
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Cruz, Nathaniel Jr. B. Wade, Abner
Fabros, Christine Ann Patayon, Effie Coleen
Tabular Compilation of Monetary and Fiscal Policy of the Philippines For The Last 5 Decades
Actions Taken
Year Economic Situation
Monetary Policy Effect Fiscal Policy Effect
Reduction of National Government GNP increased as the commodity prices increased
Central Bank charter shifted from development‐
Spending on 1972‐1974 even with the oil crisis
oriented to one focused on maintaining
First Oil Price Shock (1971‐1972)
internal and external monetary stability in the
sudden downturn on 1975 with the collapes of the
Philippines
international commodity prices
Credit operations of government
Amending Republic Act No.
1970‐1980 financial institution to finance the
265 (The Central Bank Act)
government investment program
Stabilizing the economy on a sounder footing increased in exporting primary commodities
by managing the country's level of liquidity,
Second Oil Price Shock (1979)
foreign exchange, operating reserves and
after the first oil price shock, the country's foreign
domestic and foreign debts
Restructuring of External Debt debt rapidly grew due to the continuous
government spending on public infrastructure
Central Bank announces an annual growth
most export taxes were eliminated
target of monetary aggregates
Martial Law
Central Bank determines the level of money
income taxes were simplfied and more progressive
supply needed to achieve a desired level of
1981‐1990 Monetary Aggregate Targeting Tax Reform Program
inflation
investment incentives was revised
M3 or domestic liquidity serves as the money
People Power Revolution luxury taxes were imposed
supply
Base money as the operating target variety of sales taxes were replaced by 10% VAT
Greater emphasis on price stability instead of Economy slowly regained by breaking apart
Rationalization of National Government
Power Crisis strictly attaining set targets for monetary monopolies, liberalizing foreign investment laws
Spending
aggregates and privaitizing business and industries.
Enhanced effectiveness of monetary policy by
Privatization of Government Owned and
Asian Economic Crisis complementing monetary aggregate targeting Foreign Investment increased.
Modified Monetary Aggregate Controlled Corporations
1991‐2000 with some form of inflation targeting
Targeting
Monetary targets could be exceeded as long as
abolished preferential terms and tariffs
inflation targets are met
Persian Gulf Crisis Monitors larger set of economic variables in Comprehensive Tax Reform Act
resolved power crisis by overhauling electrical
making decisions regarding appropriate stance
infrastructure
of monetary policy
Revisions of the excise tax on alcool and
Tax Effort rose from 12.5 percent in 2004 to 14.2
tobacco
percent in 2008
Government sets inflation target (in
increase the Value Added Tax Rate
consultation with BSP); BSP announces
inflation target
2001‐2010 Global Economic Crisis
Enactment of Lateral Attrition Law Enabled an orderly transition from 2 years of fiscal
stimulus in response to the global economic crisis
back to fiscal consolidation mode as the global
BSP asssesses monetary conditions and Expenditure Control economic situation normalize
forecasts inflation
Economic Resiliency Program
80% of borrowings will be in favor of domestic
borrowings to minimize exposure to foregin
Inflation Targeting Borrowings will have an 80‐20 mix
If the inflation forecast is in line with target, exchange fluctuations and enable government to
there are no changes in policy settings manage debt
Spending Priority: Golden Age of increased government spending in building public
Infrastructure infrastructure
Reference:
https://www.bsp.gov.ph/Media_And_Research/Learning%20Materials/Q32019.pdf
https://www.networkideas.org/feathm/oct2007/pdf/Joseph_Lim.pdf
http://factsanddetails.com/southeast‐asia/Philippines/sub5_6g/entry‐3916.html
https://www.nber.org/system/files/chapters/c9047/c9047.pdf
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1970/01/26/ferdinand‐e‐marcos‐fifth‐state‐of‐the‐nation‐address‐january‐26‐1970/
https://www.grips.ac.jp/forum‐e/pdf_e03/seminar2007/6june07/canlas1.pdf