Professional Documents
Culture Documents
6451-Texto Do Artigo-24623-1-10-20131219 PDF
6451-Texto Do Artigo-24623-1-10-20131219 PDF
Joachim Andrade(*)
RESUMO
!"#$"$%&'!()%&)!'#&*+$!,!-$%&#'#!.$-$!'!+)$+#'/*'!()!()&)#-*0'('!#)+*1$!*0&)#/)#)!
)!"2'%-'!'!3*%1$!()!-40($!)!$%!%*%&)-'%!()!.#)05'%!($%!"$3$%!64)!0)2'!%)!*0%&'2'-7!
8$%%$!$9:)&$!()!'0;2*%)!,!$!<*0(4=%-$>!0'!/$#-'!('!.?'-'('!@A#='()!<*0(4B!)!($!
()4%!C'0)%?'7!8$!'#&*+$>!)D'-*0'-$%!'!*0/24E0.*'!($%!/'&$#)%!+)$+#;/*.$%!'$!2$0+$!
($!&)-"$!)!$!"'")2!($!.#4F'-)0&$!()!%*%&)-'%!()!")0%'-)0&$!$#*40($%!($!()%)#&$!
.$-!$%!'#*'0$%!)!%4'!/4%1$!.$-!'!#)+*1$!/,#&*2!('!9'.*'!($!#*$!C'0+)%7!!G)%%'!/$#-'!
)%&'9)2).)-$%!4-'!=0&*-'!#)2'51$!)0&#)!'!-$0&'0?'!)!$!3'2)!/,#&*2!"'#'!'!/$#-'51$!($!
"'0&)1$!?*0(4!)!('!-)&'/=%*.'!()%%'!#)2*+*1$!64)>!?$:)>!"$%%4*!.)#.'!()!4-!9*2?1$!()!
'()"&$%7
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: C)$+#'/*'!('!H)2*+*1$7!<*0(4=%-$7!A#='()!<*0(47!C'0)%?'7
ABSTR ACT
The proposal of this article is to show how one determined geographical region interferes and
changes the vision of the world and the systems of beliefs of people in which they find themselves
installed. The object of our analyses is the Hinduism, specifically the form of “Hindu Trinity”
and the Lord Ganesha. In this article we examine the influence of the geographical factors
from the time of its origin and the crossing of the systems of thought which have come from
the desert with the Arians and its merging with the fertile region of river Ganges and thus
establishing an intimate relation between the mountain and fertile valley for the formation
Hindu Pantheon and the metaphysics of this religion today holds around one billion followers.
KEYWORDS: Geography of Religion. Hinduism. Hindu Trinity. Ganesha.
IJK
!G$4&$#!)-!L*E0.*'%!('!H)2*+*1$!")2'!MNLOPM7!P'.)#($&)!.'&Q2*.$!('!L$0+#)+'51$!($!R)#9$!G*3*-
0$>!,!)%").*'2*%&'!)-!('05'!.2;%%*.'!*0(*'0'!S?'#'&'!8'&T'-7!E-mail: joachimandrade@terra.com.br
U!V8AHWGNXYW
Ao nos aproximarmos de outro povo, outra cultura e outra religião, nosso primeiro
dever é tirar os sapatos - pois o lugar do qual nos estamos aproximando é sagrado. Caso
contrário, podemos nos descobrir pisando no sonho de outra pessoa. Mais sério ainda:
podemos esquecer que Deus lá estava antes que chegássemos.
W!<*0(4=%-$!,!4-'!#)2*+*1$!()!=.$0)%7!W%!*0Z-)#$%!=.$0)%!()!(*3*0-
('()%!?*0(4%>!)%.42"*($%!)-!#$.?'>!9#$0F)!)!$4&#$%!-'&)#*'*%>!.'##)+'-!4-!
)0$#-)!%*-9$2*%-$7!W9%)#3'O%)!64)>!()%()!%4'!.$0.)"51$>!$!<*0(4=%-$!4&*2*-
F$4!(*3)#%$%!$9:)&$%!('!0'&4#)F'!"'#'!")#.)9)#!'!"#)%)05'!()!G)4%7!8'!'&4'2*-
('()>!)%%'!"#;&*.'!.$0&*04'!)>!'%%*->!64'264)#!$9:)&$!64)!#).)9'!$!"Q!kunkum1>!
%):'!()!")(#'>!-)&'2!$4!3)+)&'2>!&$#0'O%)!$!G)4%!"#)%)0&)!"'#'!4-!'2()1$!*0-
(*'0$7! ! *-"$#&[0.*'! 01$! )%&;! 0$! $9:)&$! )-! %*>! -'%! 0'! /,! 64)! $! *0(*3=(4$!
0)2)!()"$%*&'7!G)0&#$!()%%)!.$0&)D&$>!$%!=.$0)%!?*0(4=%&'%!%1$!-42&*3'2)0&)%>!
#)-)&)0($!'!4-'!#*.'!%*-9$2$+*'7!8)%%)!40*3)#%$!%*-9Q2*.$>!$!<*0(4=%-$!0$%!
$9#*+'!.$0?).)#!)!.$-"#))0()#!$!)%"=#*&$!64)!%)!)0.$0&#'!"$#!&#;%!('!.#*'51$!
()%%'%!*-'+)0%7!
! "'#&*#! ($! .$0&)Z($! #)2*+*$%$>! $9%)#3'O%)! 64)! $! <*0(4=%-$! "$%%4*!
(4'%!3'0&'+)0%7! !"#*-)*#'!,!4-'!#*.'!"'*%'+)-!+)$+#;/*.'>!64)!%)!)%&)0()!($%!
"*.$%!()!<*-'2'*'!I0$!0$#&)K!'$!W.)'0$!\0(*.$!I0$!%42K>!.$-"#))0()0($!#*$%!
)!4-'!3'%&'!#)+*1$!"#$"=.*'!"'#'!'!'+#*.42&4#'7
!%)+40('!3'0&'+)-!#)%*()!0'%!*03'%])%!*0*.*'('%!.$-!$%!'#*'0$%!)!64)!
&'-9,-! &#$4D)! '$%! %49.$0&*0)0&)%! +#)+$%>! -$0+Q*%>! ;#'9)%>! "$#&4+4)%)%>!
/#'0.)%)%!)!9#*&[0*.$%7! !#)2'51$!.$-!'!+)$+#'/*'!2$.'2!2)3$4!&$($%!)%%)%!"$3$%!
^!)!$%!-$()#0$%!?*0(4%>!64)!&'-9,-!%1$!%)4%!?)#()*#$%!O!'!.$0%*#!*0Z-)-
#$%!=.$0)%>!*-'+)0%!()!-'&,#*'%!)D&#'=($%!('!0'&4#)F'!"'#'!)D"#)%%'#!%4'!/,_!'%!
*03'%])%!#)%42&'#'-!0$!%*0.#)&*%-$!'!"'#&*#!('!.$03*3E0.*'!)0&#)!(*3)#%$%!"$3$%!
)!('%!3;#*'%!*()0&*('()%!)!0$-)%!64)!)%&)!'%%4-*4!)0&#)!)2)%`!R)(*%-$>!S#'-'-
0*%-$!)>!/*0'2-)0&)>!$!<*0(4=%-$!&'2!.$-$!)2)!,!3*3)0.*'($!)!.$0?).*($!0'!
'&4'2*('()7!W!"#)%)0&)!'#&*+$!"$%%4*!&#E%!$9:)&*3$%`!
1
Kunkum!,!4-!"Q!3)#-)2?$>!0$#-'2-)0&)!4&*2*F'($!"'#'!%*0'2*F'#!4-'!-'#.'!0'!&)%&'!($!()3$&$7!
a%%'!-'#.'!.'##)+'!(*3)#%$%!%*+0*/*.'($%7!8$!.'%$!($%!?$-)0%>!%*-9$2*F'!'!"#)%)05'!(*3*0'7!L$0-
/$#-)!'%!2)*%!?*0(4=%&'%>!$%!?$-)0%!()3)-!)%&'#!)-!$#'51$!$!(*'!&$($>!)-!4-!($%!64'#&$%!()!%4'!
.'%'!#)%)#3'('!"'#'!&'2!"#$"Q%*&$!$4!0$!&)-"2$7!b'%!$!&#'9'2?$!(*;#*$!)-!"#$2!('!%$9#)3*3E0.*'!$%!
2)3'!"'#'!/$#'!('!.'%'7!L$0%.*)0&)%!('!*-"$%%*9*2*('()!()!)%&'#!0$!64'#&$!()!$#'51$>!)2)%!-'#.'-!0'!
&)%&'!$!"Q!3)#-)2?$!O!64)!%*-9$2*F'!'!"#)%)05'!()!()4%!$!(*'!&$($7!8$!.'%$!('%!-42?)#)%>!'!-'#.'!
%*-9$2*F'!$!.$-"#$-)&*-)0&$!.$-!$!#*&4'2!%'+#'($!($!.'%'-)0&$7!
'K! c$#0).)#!4-'!*()*'!"'0$#[-*.'!($!<*0(4=%-$!64)!'9'#.'!%4'!$#*-
+)->!()%)03$23*-)0&$>!.$0.)*&$!()!G)4%!)!'%!%'+#'('%!)%.#*&4#'%7!
9K! "#)%)0&'#!'!.$0&#*94*51$!('!+)$+#'/*'!($!%49.$0&*0)0&)!*0(*'0$!0'!
.$0%ǃ$!('%!-Z2&*"2'%!(*3*0('()%!?*0(4=%&'%>!)%").*/*.'-)0&)!('!
.?'-'('!@A#='()!<*0(4B!)!('!(*3*0('()!C'0.*'7!!
.K! 9$#('#!$%!.Q(*+$%!,&*.$%!)!$%!3'2$#)%!64)!%4%&)0&'-!'!3*('!.$&*(*'-
0'>!'%%*-!.$-$!$%!.$0.)*&$%!()!Acatar>!A)$#*'!($!Karma!)!.#)05'!0'!
#))0.'#0'51$7!M$#!/*->!'"$0&'#!$!"#$.)%%$!('!(*/4%1$!()%%'!&#'(*51$!
no Ocidente.
8'!&)0&'&*3'!()!'&*0+*#!)%%)%!$9:)&*3$%>!94%.'#)-$%!-'0&)#!$!/$.$!"#*0-
.*"'2>!64)!,!-$%&#'#!$!-$($!")2$!64'2!'!3*%1$!($!<*0(4=%-$!/$*!.$0%=('>!
64)!)2)-)0&$%!+)$+#;/*.$%!#)/2)&*#'-!$!.$0&)Z($!)%"*#*&4'2!)!-$#'2!('!#)2*+*1$!
)>!"$#!/*->!64)!&*"$!()!)%&4#'!('!#)2*+*1$!/$*!.'"'F!()!%4%&)0&'#!)%%'!&#'(*51$!
'&,!'!'&4'2*('()7!
d!WHVCab
W4&#$%>!.$0&4($>!'/*#-'-!64)!:;!"#,O)D*%&*'!)-!"$#5])%!('!'&4'2!\0(*'!
)!M'64*%&1$!^!$4!%):'>!'0&)%!('%!*03'%])%!'#*'0'%!O!4-!"$3$!64)!'($#'3'!4-'!
(*3*0('()>!Pashupathi>!@P)0?$#!($!C'($B7!L$0?).*($%!.$-$!drávidas ou dra-
vidianos, )2)%!&)#*'-!('($!$#*+)-!'$!<*0(4=%-$!%,.42$%!'0&)%!('%!"#*-)*#'%!
*03'%])%>! "$#! 3$2&'! ()! ifff! '7L7! L$-! '%! *03'%])%! ;#*'%! )>! 0$%! -*2E0*$%! %)-
+4*0&)%>!()!$4&#$%!"$3$%>!'!#)2*+*1$!0'&*3'!%$/#)4!(*/)#)0&)%!/)*5])%>!'%%4-*0($!
*()0&*('()%!)!0$-)%`!R)(*%-$>!S#'-'0*%-$!)>!/*0'2-)0&)>!<*0(4=%-$!O!&'2!
.$-$!,!'&4'2-)0&)!3*3)0.*'($!)!.$0?).*($7
!!W!<*0(4=%-$!.$0&'!?$:)!.$-!.)#.'!()!jef!-*2?])%!()!'()"&$%!()0&#$!
('!\0(*'!)!$4&#$%!dff!-*2?])%!)-!$4&#$%!"'=%)%>!%4")#'0($!U!9*2?1$!()!'()"-
&$%7!8$!P4()%&)! %*;&*.$>!%4'!(*/4%1$!$.$##)4!()%()!$%!"#*-)*#$%!%,.42$%!('!
)#'!.#*%&1>!)!0$!W.*()0&)!O!"#*0.*"'2-)0&)!0$%!.$0&*0)0&)%!'/#*.'0$>!)4#$")4!
)!'-)#*.'0$!O!%4'!"#)%)05'!,!")#.)9*('!0$%!Z2&*-$%!Uef!'0$%>!)%").*'2-)0&)!'!
"'#&*#!('%!-$()#0'%!(*;%"$#'%7!8$!.$0&*0)0&)!'/#*.'0$>!$!<*0(4=%-$!/$*!*0&#$-
(4F*($!")2$%!9#*&[0*.$%>!64)!()#'-!*0=.*$!'!4-!/24D$!-*+#'&Q#*$!()!*0(*'0$%!
"'#'!%4'%!.$2g0*'%!^!)%").*'2-)0&)!h/#*.'!($!P42>!k*-9;94)!)!l4E0*'7!l4'0&$!
m%! -,#*.'%>! $! .$0&)D&$! ('! (*/4%1$! ($! <*0(4=%-$! '.$0&).)4! )-! /4051$! ('!
#)%&#*51$!'$!&#;/*.$!0)+#)*#$!")2$%!9#*&[0*.$%>!0'!(,.'('!()!Ujif7!W%!?*0(4%!
*0(*'0$%!/$#'-!&#'F*($%!'$!L'#*9)!)!m! -,#*.'!n'&*0'!"'#'!%4"#*#!'!.'#E0.*'!()!
-1$O()O$9#'!9'#'&'!0'%!/'F)0('%!'+#=.$2'%>!)%").*'2-)0&)!()!.'0'O()O'5Z.'#>!
('!'#*%&$.#'.*'!*0+2)%'7!8$!(*'!if!()!-'*$!)-!Ujoe>!4-!0'3*$!()%)-9'#.$4!
.$-!dUp!*0(*'0$%!0$!A#*0*('(>!)!$4&#$%!%)+4*#'-!#4-$!'$!P4#*0'-)!)!$4-
&#$%! "'=%)%! ('! #)+*1$7! 8$! %,.42$! qq>! -*+#'5])%! ()! $4&#$%! ")#/*%! ^! .$-$! '%!
()!#)2*+*$%$%!)!()!)%").*'2*%&'%!)-!&).0$2$+*'!^!%49%&*&4=#'-!$!")#/*2!coolie da
*-*+#'51$!*0(*'0'!"'#'!'! -,#*.'!n'&*0'7! &4'2-)0&)>!)D*%&)-!.)#.'!()!off!
-*2!*0(*'0$%!0'! -,#*.'!n'&*0'7!W!S#'%*2!^!()%&*0$!#).)0&=%%*-$!()%%'%!")%%$-
'%!O!'9#*+'!?$:)!.)#.'!()!%)&)!-*2!*0(*'0$%!?*0(4%>!'!-'*$#*'!.$0.)0&#'('!0'%!
.*('()%!()!c$F!($!V+4'54!IMHK>!b'0'4%!I bK>!P1$!M'42$!IPMK>!H*$!()!r'0)*#$!
IHrK>!L'-"*0'!C#'0()!IMSK!)!P1$!r$%,!($%!L'-"$%!IPMK7!!!
i!GaPa8RWnRVba8AW!GW!<V8GN\PbW
a-!&)#-$%!)%64)-;&*.$%>!$!()%)03$23*-)0&$!($!<*0(4=%-$!"$()!%)#!
)%9$5'($!)-!.*0.$!/'%)%7! !"#*-)*#'>!()!Formulação dos Vedas>!"$()!%)#!*()0-
&*/*.'('!)0&#)!Ueff!)!Udff!'7L7!8)%%)!")#=$($>!/$#'-!()%)03$23*($%!(*3)#%$%!
#*&4'*%!)!.42&$%!"'#'!'"2'.'#!'%!(*3*0('()%!)!-'0&)#!$!.$%-$.)0&#*%-$!)-!%4'%!
#)2'5])%!()!*0&)#.$0)D1$!)!*0&)#()")0(E0.*'7!W!-40($!($%!()4%)%!)%&;!*03'-
#*'3)2-)0&)!.$0).&'($!'$!-40($!($%!?4-'0$%>!4-!()")0()0($!($!$4&#$_!'!
()")0(E0.*'!-Z&4'!,!%4"#*('!'&#'3,%!($%!#*&4'*%7!s!64'0($!%4#+)-!'%!64)%&])%!
/40('-)0&'*%!%$9#)!'!$#*+)->!$!"#$"Q%*&$!)!'!/*0'2*('()!('!3*('7
W%!'#*'0$%!64)!$.4"'#'-!'%!&)##'%!'+#=.$2'%!('!#)+*1$!($!'&4'2!M40:'9>!
0$! 0$#$)%&)! ('! \0(*'>! ()/*0*#'-! %49(*3*%])%! )-! %4'! #)2*+*1$`! ?'3*'! '! .2'%%)!
0$9#)>!/$#-'('!"$#!%'.)#($&)%!)!+4)##)*#$%>!)!'%!.2'%%)%!9'*D'%>!/$#-'('%!")2$!
"$3$7!!8$#-'2-)0&)>!'%!*0/$#-'5])%!64)!&)-$%!%1$!%$9#)!'!/$#-'!-'*%!)2)3'('!
('!#)2*+*1$>!$9&*('%!"$#!-)*$!('%!)%.#*&4#'%!%'+#'('%!$4!Vedas.
aD*%&)-!64'#&$!R)('%`!Rig, $!2*3#$!('%!$#'5])%_!Sama,!$!2*3#$!($%!.[0&*-
.$%_! Yajur, o livro dos rituais 64)!%1$!4&*2*F'($%!0$%!%'.#*/=.*$%_ $!64'#&$!Veda>
Atharva, ,!$!2*3#$!($%!)0.'0&'-)0&$%!%'+#'($%>!($!64'2!'(64*#*-$%!$!.$0?)-
.*-)0&$!#)2'&*3$!m%!.#)05'%!-;+*.'%!)!'0*-*%&'%!($!"$3$!.$-4-7!!8)%%'!/'%)>!
&$('3*'>!01$!?'3*'!4-'!*()*'!.2'#'!%$9#)!$!.$0.)*&$!)!'!)D*%&E0.*'!()!4-!G)4%7!
!%)+40('!/'%)>!'!)#'!($%!9#[-'0)%!IUdffOjff!'7L7K>!,!4-!")#=$($!()!
.$0%$2*('51$!*0%&*&4.*$0'2!)!()!&)$.)0&#*%-$7!W%!#*&$%!)!%'.#*/=.*$%!/$#'-!%*%-
&)-'&*F'($%>!'!%$.*)('()!#).)9)4!4-'!)%&4#'51$!'()64'('!)!%4#+*4!'!.2'%%)!
%'.)#($&'2! O! 4-'! .'%&'! )D.24%*3'! "'#'! "#)%*(*#! $%! %'.#*/=.*$%7! W! ?*0$! 3,(*.$>!
Purusha Sukta>! #).)9)4! 0$3'! *0&)#"#)&'51$>! '9#*0($! )%"'5$! "'#'! 4-'! $#()-!
?*)#;#64*.'! ('! %$.*)('()! O! 64)! "$%&)#*$#-)0&)! 3)*$! '! %)#! .$0?).*('! .$-$! $!
%*%&)-'!()!.'%&'%7!8)%&'!/'%)>!.$-!)/)*&$>!%4#+*4!'!*()*'!.2'#'!()!4-!G)4%!Z0*.$7!
a2)!3)*$!'!%)#!.?'-'($!Brahman>!$!V0/*0*&$>!.$0?).*($!'*0('!.$-$!Nirguna>!
64)!%*+0*/*.'!“O que está além de todas as qualidades humanas”.!a2)!")#-'0)-
.)! (*%&'0&)>! %)0($! 64)! %$-)0&)! $%! #*&4'*%! )2'9$#'($%! ")2$%! %'.)#($&)%! 04-'!
2=0+4'!%'+#'('!I$!%[0%.#*&$K!"$()#*'-!'.)%%;O2$7!G)%%)!-$($>!$!"$3$!%*-"2)%!
")#()4!$!'.)%%$!'$%!%'.#*/=.*$%!)>!.$0%)64)0&)-)0&)>!$!.$0&'&$!(*#)&$!.$-!'!
(*3*0('()7!P$-)0&)!$!*0&)#-)(*;#*$>!$!%'.)#($&)>!"$()#*'!2)3'#!$!"$3$!%*-"2)%!
'&,!$!(*3*0$7! 2+40%!")0%'($#)%!?*0(4%!.$0%*()#'-!)%%)!")#=$($!.$-$!'!/'%)!
-'*%!%$-9#*'!($!<*0(4=%-$>!()3*($!m%!-'0*"42'5])%!0'%!*0&)#"#)&'5])%!($%!
?*0$%!3,(*.$%!")2'%!.'%&'%!64)!%)!'"$()#'#'-!($%!#*&$%7!
8$! &)#.)*#$! ")#=$($! IjffOdff! '7L7K>! '! "#)$.4"'51$! .$-! '! (*3*0('()!
")#()4!*-"$#&[0.*'7!c$*!4-'!/'%)!-'#.'('!")2$!'0&#$"$.)0&#*%-$>!")2$!"#$-
&)%&$!)!")2'!*0&)#*$#*F'51$7!8)%%'!/'%)!/$#'-!)%.#*&$%!$%!Upanishads e tiveram
*0=.*$!'%!%)*%!)%.$2'%!/*2$%Q/*.'%!64)!(*%.4&*#'-!'!0'&4#)F'!)%").=/*.'!($!G*3*0$7!
a0.$0&#'-$%!4-'!.#=&*.'!3*$2)0&'!'$%!#*&4'*%!)!%'.#*/=.*$%!64)!?'3*'-!)2'9$#'-
($%!")2$%!9#[-'0)%!()!$4&#$#'7!P4#+)->!)0&1$>!($*%!&*"$%!()!#)'5])%!'!)%%)%!
.$-"2)D$%!#*&4'*%`!4-'!*0&)#0'!)!$4&#'!)D&)#0'!m!*0%&*&4*51$!#)2*+*$%'7!
W!-$3*-)0&$!)D&)#*$#!)%&;!#)2'.*$0'($!'$!%4#+*-)0&$!()!(4'%!#)2*+*])%!
3*%&'%!*0*.*'2-)0&)!.$-$!?)#)%*'%!()!.'#;&)#!%).&;#*$>!$!r'*0*%-$!)!$!S4(*%-$>!
/40('($%!"$#!($*%!"#=0.*")%!('!.'%&'!+4)##)*#'!64)!%)!#)3$2&'#'-!.$0&#'!$%!#*-
&4'*%!($%!9#[-'0)%!($!%,.42$!RV!'7L!^!P*('#&?'!C'4&'-'!)!b'?'3*#'7!b'('0!
'/*#-'`!@W!/40('($#!($!r'*0*%-$>!Vardhamana Mahavira,!,!.$0%*()#'($!#)%-
"$0%;3)2!"$#!&)#!&#'F*($!m!%4'!#)'2*('()!4-'!&#'(*51$!()!(*%%*(E0.*'!:;!)D*%&)0&)!
-4*&$!'0&)%!()!%)4!&)-"$7!I777K!W!/40('($#!($!S4(*%-$>!Sidhartha Gautama>!
/$*!4-!(*%%*()0&)!-'*%!*0$3'($#!)!#'(*.'2>!()!64)-!%)!(*F!&)#!'2.'05'($!'!tV24-
-*0'51$u!)-!edj!'7L7B!I !"!#>!Uvvd>!"!UoK7!!!
! %)+40('! #)'51$>! 64)! )0/'&*F'! $! '0&#$"$.)0&#*%-$! )! (;! +#'0()! *--
"$#&[0.*'!m!*0&)#*$#*('()>!'.$0&).)4!()0&#$!($!"#Q"#*$!<*0(4=%-$7!W!'0&#$-
"$.)0&#*%-$! ,! #)/2)&*($! 0'! )2'9$#'51$! ($%! Upanishads>! 64)! '"$0&'-! "'#'! '!
#)'2*F'51$!()!64)!G)4%!)%&;!()0&#$!()!.'('!*0(*3=4$>!-4*&$!"#QD*-$!'!0Q%>!)!
01$!0).)%%*&'>!"$#&'0&$>!()!4-!-)(*'($#!"'#'!/$#0).)#!4-'!)D")#*E0.*'!G)2)7!
%%*->!$%!9#[-'0)%!")#()#'-!%)4!24+'#!.$-$!@-)(*'0)*#$%B>!"$*%!$%!%'.#*/=-
.*$%!"'%%'#'-!'!%)#!()%.'#&'($%7!
!64'#&'!/'%)!Idff!'7L7!O!dff!(7LK!,!4-!")#=$($!()!*0&)0%'!&#'0%/$#-'-
51$7!<;!94%.'!()!)64*2=9#*$!)0&#)!$!(*3*0$!)!$!?4-'0$>!)0&#)!$!/'F)#!)!$!%)#>!
)0&#)!$!'&$!#*&4'2=%&*.$!)!'!#)'2*F'51$!($!#*&$!0'!3*('7! &,!)0&1$>!'!94%.'!($!G*3*0$!
)#'!#)'2*F'('!'&#'3,%!($!.'-*0?$!($!#'.*$.=0*$`!'!(*3*0('()!%Q!"$()#*'!%)#!'&*0-
+*('!'&#'3,%!($!)%/$#5$!*0&)2).&4'27!N-'!*0$3'51$!64)!%4#+)!)0&1$!,!$!.$0.)*&$!
de Bhakti,!$!@L'-*0?$!('!G)3$51$B7!8)%%'!,"$.'!/$#'-!)%.#*&$%!($*%!,"*.$%!('!
2*&)#'&4#'!*0(*'0'>!$!Mahabharata e o Ramayana7!W!Z2&*-$!.'"=&42$!($!Maha-
bharata!,!.$0?).*($!.$-$!Bhagavad Gita!O!.$0%*()#'($!.$-$!4-'!)%",.*)!()!
@8$3$!A)%&'-)0&$B!($!<*0(4=%-$!O!64)!'"$0&'!.2'#'-)0&)!"'#'!$!.'-*0?$!($!
%)#3*5$!()3$.*$0'2>!64'0($!w#*%?0'!.$-40*.'!'! #:40'!%)4!(*3*0$!)0%*0'-)0&$`!
Não se pode compreender a forma que você vê agora com seus olhos transcendentais
simplesmente através do estudo dos Vedas, nem se submetendo a penitências sérias, nem
através de caridade, nem através de adoração. Não é através desses meios que a pessoa
pode ver-Me como sou.Meu querido Arjuna, só através do serviço devocional indiviso
é possível compreender-Me tal como Eu Sou, como estou diante de você, e assim é pos-
sível ver-Me diretamente. Só dessa maneira você pode entrar nos mistérios de Minha
compreensão, ó vencedor dos inimigos! Meu querido Arjuna, a pessoa que se ocupa em
Meu serviço devocional puro, livre das contaminações de atividades anteriores e da
especulação mental, que é amigável para com toda entidade viva, certamente vem a
Mim. (BHAGAVAD GITA, XI, p 53-55).
!64*0&'!/'%)!($!<*0(4=%-$!,!*0%"*#'('!"$#!)%%)!"#).*$%$!)0%*0'-)0&$!
do Bhagavad Gita.!P4#+)->!)0&1$>!*0Z-)#'%!*0&)#"#)&'5])%!/*2$%Q/*.'%!%$9#)!$!
G)4%!P4"#)-$>!%$9!(*/)#)0&)%!"$0&$%!()!3*%&'7!8)%%)!'-9*)0&)!()!+#'0()!)/)#-
3)%.E0.*'! *0&)2).&4'2! ()%&'.'-O%)! '%! #)/2)D])%! )! *0&)#"#)&'5])%! ()! ")0%'($#)%!
.$-$!P'0x'#'>!H'-'04:'>!b'(?3'>!8*-9'#x'>!R'22'9?'!)!L?'*&'0+7!! 2+40%!
()0&#)!)2)%!")#-'0).)-!/*,*%!m!&#'(*51$!$#*+*0;#*'!($%!Vedas e dos Upanishads
^!$!@L'-*0?$!($!L$0?).*-)0&$!V0&)2).&4'2B>!^!)064'0&$!$4&#$%!'%%4-)-!'!
0$3'!&#*2?'!$/)#).*('!")2$!Bhagavad Gita: '!($!%)#3*5$!()3$.*$0'2>!64)!"$%&)-
riormente veio a ser conhecido como “Bhakti Cult Movement”.
o!P CH G P!aPLHVANH P
!)2'9$#'51$!()!%'+#'('%!)%.#*&4#'%!?*0(4%!)%&;!*0&*-'-)0&)!3*0.42'('!
.$-! '! )D")#*E0.*'! (*#)&'! ('! R)#('()7! P)+40($! $! <*0(4=%-$>! “o único teste
aceitável da verdade é a experiência pessoal direta”!I$%&'()!*!#!#"!>!Uvve>!"!
oK7!c$*!'!)D")#*E0.*'!")%%$'2!(*#)&'!()!-4*&$%!-)%&#)%!(4#'0&)!.)0&)0'%!()!'0$%!
64)!/$#-$4!$!.$#"$!()!)%.#*&4#'%!64)!/*.$4!.$0?).*($!.$-$!Vedas. O conhe-
.*-)0&$!64)!$%!Vedas!#)"#)%)0&'-!,!'.)*&$!.$-$!3;2*($!"$#64)!,!3)#*/*.'($!)!
3)#*/*.;3)2!'&#'3,%!('!)D")#*E0.*'!")%%$'27! !)D")#*E0.*'!(*#)&'>!.$0?).*('!.$-$!
Sruti,!%*+0*/*.'!@'64*2$!64)!,!$43*($B_!64'0($!)%%'!)D")#*E0.*'!,!&)%&'('!)!3)-
#*/*.'('!0'!3*('!.$-!()/'%'+)-!&)-"$#'2>!,!.?'-'('!Smriti!$4!@'64*2$!64)!,!
2)-9#'($B7!W%!Vedas!()%.#)3)->!)-!()&'2?)%>!$%!"'%%$%!64)!()3)-!%)#!('($%!
0'! "#)"'#'51$! ($! *0(*3=(4$! "'#'! '! )D")#*E0.*'! ('! R)#('()! P4"#)-'>! 64)! $%!
3*()0&)%!()!(*/)#)0&)%!,"$.'%!.2'-'-!&)#!.$0?).*($7
W%!2*3#$%!%'+#'($%!64)!%)+4*#'-!($!R)('%!%1$!$%!Aranyakas>!Puranas>!
Upanishads>!Épicos!)>!/*0'2-)0&)>!$!Bhagavad Gita7!a%&)!Z2&*-$!,!&1$!'.2'-'($!
64'0&$!$!8$3$!A)%&'-)0&$!($%!.#*%&1$%_!/*0'2*F'!$!&)%&)!('!)D")#*E0.*'!(*#)&'>!
%)0($!4-!#)2'&$!('!3)#'.*('()!($!.$0?).*-)0&$!)-"=#*.$!($%!&)D&$%!'0&)#*$#)%7!!
+,-./*0!"'.12#"3.
!\0(*'!'0&*+'!'##'*+'3'O%)!0'!.$0%.*E0.*'!-$()%&'!('!(*3*0('()`!4-!%Q!
G)4%7! !'&4'2!.$##)0&)!%?*3'=%&'!*0(*'0'!,!4-'!)D"#)%%1$!('!#)-*0*%.E0.*'!()%-
%'!.#)05'7! *0('!?$:)!?;!4-'!%4"#)-'.*'!($!-$0*%-$!)-!#)2'51$!m%!&)0(E0.*'%!
"$2*&)=%&'%!($!<*0(4=%-$7!W!"#Q"#*$!<*0(4=%-$>!)-!%4'!/'%)!"#*-*&*3'>!%4#+*4!
'!"'#&*#!()!4-!-$0*%-$!"4#$`!'!.#)05'!)-!Brahman, 4-!%Q!G)4%>!*0/*0*&$>!
'9%$24&$>!%4"#)-$7!M$#!01$!%$/#)#!0)0?4-!&*"$!()!-4('05'%>!)#'!&'-9,-!.$-
nhecido como Nirguna7!b'*%!&'#()>!'%!%)64)0.*'*%!*03'%])%!)%&#'0+)*#'%!()#'-!
$#*+)-!m!)D")#*E0.*'!-42&*.42&4#'2!64)!"#$-$3)4!'!*()*'!('!&#='()7!Brahman
)#'> '&,!)0&1$>!(*%&'0&)>!'9%$24&$7!Nirguna!"'%%$4!'!%)#!G)4%!)-!4-'!-'0*/)%-
&'51$!")%%$'2>!'.)%%=3)2!'$%!%)#)%!?4-'0$%7!a Sadguna>!)-9$#'!&#'0%.)0()0&)>!
)#'!'!"#)%)5'!(*3*0'!)-!&$($%!$%!%)#)%>!$.42&'!()0&#$!($!<$-)-7
Sadguna Brahman "$()!%)#!.?'-'($!()!Brahman 64)!"$%%4*!64'2*('-
des. ! a-9$#'! N0$>! '"#)%)0&'O%)! %$9! &#E%! '%").&$%`! Brahma, Vishnu e Shiva,
#)%").&*3'-)0&)! .#*'51$>! "#)%)#3'51$! )! &#'0%/$#-'51$7! M$%&)#*$#-)0&)>! )%%)%!
&#E%! '&#*94&$%! /$#'-! .$0%*()#'($%! .$-$! 4-'! &#='()>! $4! &#E%! #$%&$%! ()! -)%-
-$!G)4%7!a2)%!"#$3E-!('!)D")#*E0.*'!($!%)#!?4-'0$!&'0&$!.$-!'!'+#*.42&4#'!
64'0&$!.$-!$!%$27!
!-)&;/$#'!$#*+*0;#*'!('!)D")#*E0.*'!'+#=.$2'!,!'!()!64)>!0'!'+#*.42&4#'>!
?;!4-!"#$.)%%$!.=.2*.$!)!.$0&=04$!('!"#)"'#'51$!('!&)##'>!%)-)'(4#'>!.#)%.*-
-)0&$!('%!"2'0&'%>!.$2?)*&'!)>!/*0'2-)0&)>!-$#&)7!A4($!+*#'!'$!#)($#!($!-)%-$!
)*D$>!,!#)")&*&*3$!)!0$%!2)3'!'!")#.)9)#!)!'!'0'2*%'#!$!64)!3*#;!()"$*%7! !%)-)0&)!
&#'F!'!"2'0&'>!'!"2'0&'!"#$(4F!$!+#1$!)!'!-$#&)!('!"2'0&'!"#$(4F!'!%)-)0&)!
64)>!"$#!%4'!3)F>!+)#'!0$3'!"2'0&'!O!)!'%%*-!"$#!(*'0&)7!a%%'!3*%1$!)-"=#*.'!)!
'+#*.$2'!,!'"2*.'('!m!(*3*0('()>!()&)#-*0'0($!'!A#='()!<*0(47!
r;!"'#'!H$9)#&!<*0()>!)%%'!&#='()!"#$3,-!('!)D")#*E0.*'!.$-!$!%$2>!($%!
.42&$%!%$2'#)%7!a2)!'/*#-'!64)!$!%$2!"$%%4*!&#E%!.$#"$%`!4-!64)!.#*'!"$#!-)*$!
($!.'2$#!/)#&*2*F'0&)_!4-!%)+40($>!64)!"#)%)#3'!.$-!%4'!24F_!)!4-!&)#.)*#$>!64)!
()%&#Q*!.$-!#'*$%!64)!64)*-'-7!!G)!P-)&!"'#&*2?'!('!3*%1$!()!<*0()`!@a2) z$!
P$2{ ,!$ Dinakar (4#'0&)!$!(*'!&$($>!,!.?'-'($!Bhaskar!0'!"'#&)!('!-'0?1>
Martand (Rudra) ao meio-dia e Rajanikar>!.#*'($#!('!0$*&)>!m!&'#()B.!I( '/ e
#'3#'*>!Uvvj>!"!iUeK
! #)2'51$! '$! %$2! )! m! 0'&4#)F'! /40('-)0&'O%)! 0$! /)0g-)0$! #)2*+*$%$>!
$9%)#3'($!"$#!G'0*,2$4>!0$!64'2!%)!.$0.#)&*F'-!(4'%!/$#-'%!$"$%&'%!)!.$0-
&#'(*&Q#*'%>!@4-'!2*+'('!'$!-40($!('!0'&4#)F'>!'!$4&#'!m!$#+'0*F'51$!('!3*('!
.$2)&*3'B!I"!#24$%3>!Uvjv>!"!pK7!P$9!'!/$#-'!()!0'&4#)F'>!'!.#*'51$!,!.$0.)9*-
('!.$-$!)D"#)%%1$!($!")0%'-)0&$!(*3*0$>!$4!%):'>!$!.$#"$!()!G)4%!-'&)#*'-
2*F'($7! %%*->!@'!.#*'51$!01$!,!'")0'%!4-'!$9#'!(*3*0'>!-'%!'!"#Q"#*'!/$#-'!($!
(*3*0$>!&$($!$!%)#>!&$('!'!3*('>!&$($!$!'&$!+'0?'!4-!.'#;&)#!%'+#'($>!&$#0'O%)!4-!
#*&$>!4-!-)*$!() .$-40*.'51$!.$-!$!-40($!.)2)%&)B!I"!#24$%3>!Uvjv>!"!pK2 . Na
/$#-'!.$2)&*3'!64)!"#$3,-!($!()%)#&$>!@)2'!"#)&)0()!*-"$#!'%!%'05])%!(*3*0'%!
'!.$03)05])%!%$.*'*%7!a#*+)!2)*%!?4-'0'%!)-!'&$%!%'+#'($%7!P)#3)!()!()%.42"'!
m%!'-9*5])%!($%!?$-)0%!64)!"#)&)0()-!($-*0'#!$!-40($!0'&4#'2>!/'F)#!4%$!
()2)>!'&#*94*#O%)!4-'!"$%*51$!Z0*.'!)-!()&#*-)0&$!('%!$4&#'%!)%",.*)%>!3)+)-
&'*%>!'0*-'*%!)!'&,!%$9#)0'&4#'*%B7!I"!#2'$%3>!Uvjv>!"!jK
W!<*0(4=%-$!,!'!#)2*+*1$!($%!"$3$%!64)!")#()#'-!%4'%!#'=F)%!0g-'-
()%!)!'%%4-*#'-!.'#'.&)#=%&*.'%!()!"$3$!'+#=.$2'7!8)%%'!"'%%'+)->!"#$(4FO%)!
'!-4('05'!()!4-'!3*%1$!2*0)'#!"'#'!4-'!3*%1$!.=.2*.'!($!&)-"$>!#)"#)%)0&'('!
2
!8)%%'!-)%-'!")#%").&*3'>!n4=%!H$($2/$!R*2?)0'>!)-!%4'!$9#'!O mundo da Astrologi'>!'"$*'0($-
O%)!)-!n4*%!G4-$0&>!()%.#)3)!'!?*)#'#64*'!0$!%*%&)-'!"2'0)&;#*$7!a0.$0&#'-O%)!($*%!'%&#$%>!P$2!)!
n4'>!64)!%)!$"])-7!W!%$2!"$%%4*!4-'!"#))-*0E0.*'!01$!%Q!)-!#)2'51$!m!n4'>!.$-$!&'-9,-!'$%!
()-'*%!"2'0)&'%7! %%*->!'"'#).)!?*)#'#64*.'-)0&)!%4")#*$#!'$%!()-'*%7!@s!$!.*.2$!%$2'#!'64)2)!64)!
"#$(4F>!")2'!'0'2$+*'!64)!()%.#)3)-$%>!$%!%*+0*/*.'($%!($%!%*+0$%!F$(*'.'*%>!()&)#-*0'0($!'%%*-!
&$($%!$%!()-'*%!.*.2$%!"2'0)&;#*$%7!M$#!$.4"'#!)%%'!"$%*51$!)%&4#'2>!"$()O%)!(*F)#!64)!)%&;!2*+'($!
'!4-!%*-9$2*%-$!($!.)0&#$B!I52$1'#!>!Uvvf`!epK7!!!
A criação e a destruição são como dois lados de uma moeda. E a sustentação é uma
parte integral do processo de criação e destruição. Por exemplo, a manhã morre para
dar à luz à tarde. A tarde morre quando a noite nasce. Nessa cadeia de nascimento e
morte, o ciclo do dia é mantido. Para indicar que esses três processos são um e o mesmo,
os três deuses são combinados na única forma do Senhor Dattatreya (PARTHASARATHY,
1985, p 21).
!.$0%.*E0.*'!40'!)!-Z2&*"2'!($!<*0(4=%-$!,!-*%&*.'-)0&)!#)"#)%)0&'('!
")2'!&#='()7!L$-$!2)-9#'!G*'0'!a.x`!@ !'/*#-'51$!('!\0(*'!0'!N0*('()!zG*-
3*0'{!$.$##)!)-!4-!.$0&)D&$!64)!'/*#-'!.$-!*+4'2!3))-E0.*'!'!"24#'2*('()!()!
.'-*0?$%!'&#'3,%!($%!64'*%!$%!%)#)%!?4-'0$%!&E-!3*%&$!'64)2'!N0*('()!)!)D"#)%-
%'($!%4'!3*%1$7B!I'6&>!vje>!doK!G)%()!)0&1$!%4#+)!'!-'*$#!*064*)&'51$!($%!/*2Q-
%$/$%`!$!)%&'9)2).*-)0&$!()!40*('()!0'!(*3)#%*('()!)!()!(*3)#%*('()!0'!40*('()7!
P*-42&[0)'!m!'&*&4()!"$2*&)=%&'!,!'!"'*D1$!")2'!40*.*('()7!a%%'!.$0%.*-
E0.*'!")2'!94%.'!('!40*('()!/)F!%4#+*#!%)*%!)%.$2'%>!.$0?).*('%!.$-$!Darsanas.
3
! W%! *03'%$#)%>! "$3$%! 0g-'()%>! )-! ")#-'0)0&)! -*+#'51$! ()3*($! m%! .$0(*5])%! +)$+#;/*.'%! ($!
()%)#&$>!.42&4'3'-!'%!()*('()%!($!()%)#&$!O!64)!.'-*0?'3'-!%)-"#)!.$-!)2)%7!8'!%4'!.?)+'('!
0'!\0(*'>!2)3'#'-!.$0%*+$!$!()4%!+#)+$!G*$0=%*$>!64)!$.4"$4!"$%&)#*$#-)0&)!4-'!('%!"$%*5])%!
"#*0.*"'*%7!<'3*'!&'-9,-!$%!()4%)%!-)0$#)%>!64)!")#%$0*/*.'3'-!/)0g-)0$%!0'&4#'*%!)!3*#&4()%!
?4-'0'%7!W%!()4%)%!#)2'&*3$%!'$%!/)0g-)0$%!0'&4#'*%!)#'-!Indra, $!()4%!($!H'*$_!Vayu, o deus do
R)0&$_!Purya, $!()4%!($!P$2_!Varuna, $!()4%!('%!h+4'%_!Agni,!$!()4%!($!c$+$_!GT'4%>!$!()4%!($!
a%"'5$7!a%%)%!()4%)%!0'!\0(*'!/$#'-!%*0&)&*F'($%!)-!4-!Z0*.$!0$-)`!S#'?-'7!8$!()%)#&$!?'3*'!
"$4.$!)%"'5$!"'#'!'!%$2*('#*)('()!O!'*0('!'%%*->!'2+40%!%)#)%!%4#"#))0(*'-!.$-!3*#&4()%!)2)3'('%7!
a>!0$!&$.'0&)!m%!3*#&4()%!?4-'0'%`!Mitra!#)"#)%)0&'!'!%$2*('#*)('()_!Aryama0>!'!?$0#'_!Bhaga>!'!
"'#&*2?'!($%!9)0%7!8'!\0(*'>!&$('%!)%%'%!(*3*0('()%!3*0.42'('%!m%!3*#&4()%!?4-'0'%!/$#'-!.$0&)--
"2'('%!0'!%)+40('!")%%$'!('!&#='()>!Vishnu.
81$!,!-)#'!.'4%'2*('()!64)!$!")0%'-)0&$!*0(*'0$!&)0?'!()%.$9)#&$!$!F)#$>!
)2)-)0&$!-'&)-;&*.$!64)!*0/24)0.*$4!'!/*2$%$/*'!#)2*+*$%'!('!\0(*'7!M'#'!$!/*-
2Q%$/$! P'0x'#'>! $! N-! ,! $! 2*-*&)! ($! ")0%;3)2_! "'#'! 8'+'#:40'>! '! 3'.4*('()7!
@a0&#)!$!4-!)!$!F)#$>!.$-9'&)!*0.)%%'0&)!)!'9#'5$!*0%&'0&[0)$>!()%($9#'O%)!'!
?*%&Q#*'!($!")0%'-)0&$!*0(*'0$B!I7!8>!Uvv|>!"!UiiK7!a%%)!'&#*&$!)0&#)!$!F)#$!
)!$!4-!,!"$)&*.'-)0&)!)D"#)%%$!0$!@<*0$!('!L#*'51$B!($!Rig Veda!IUf>!UdvK`!
+,9.:!#'(1!
N-'!('%!(*3*0('()%!?*0(4=%&'%!-'*%!"$"42'#)%!O!*0.24%*3)!0$!S#'%*2!O!,!
Ganesha,!'64)2)!64)!&)-!.'9)5'!($!)2)/'0&)!)!.$#"$!($!%)#!?4-'0$7!Ganesha
,!"$"42'#-)0&)!.$0?).*($!.$-$!Vighneswara $4!$!@()4%!64)!#)-$3)!$9%&;-
.42$%B7!8$#-'2-)0&)!0$!*0=.*$!()!64'264)#!&#'9'2?$!$4!.)#*-g0*'!$4!#*&4'2>!'!
"#*-)*#'!(*3*0('()!*03$.'('!,!Ganesha>!"$*%!)2)!&'-9,-!,!$!()4%!('!9)051$7!!
a0.$0&#'-$%!-4*&$%!-*&$%!)!2)0('%!)!?*%&Q#*'%!#)2'&*3'%!'!Ganesha. O
64)!%4#"#))0()!,!$!0Z-)#$!()!=.$0)%!()%%'!(*3*0('()7!L$0/$#-)!'2+40%!)%-
&4(*$%$%`!
81$!"#)&)0()-$%!)2'9$#'#!$%!-*&$%!%$9#)!%4'!$#*+)->!-'%!$!64)!0$%!
*0&)#)%%'!,!%'9)#!()!64)!/$#-'!'!+)$+#'/*'!*0(*'0'!*0/24)0.*$4!0'!.$0%ǃ$!
($!=.$0)!($!Ganesha7! $!-)%-$!&)-"$!9'##*+4($!)!/$#&)>!Ganesha utiliza um
#'&$!.$-$!3)=.42$!"'#'!%)!-$3*-)0&'#!^!.$-!)%%'%!.$0&#'(*5])%!I+$#($!D!/$#&)>!
+#'0()!64)!,!-$3*($!D!")64)0$!64)!-$3)K>!&#'F!*0Z-)#$%!64)%&*$0'-)0&$%!
%4#"#))0()0&)%7
N-'!2)*&4#'!'0&#$"$2Q+*.'!0$%!2)3'!'!.$-"#))0()#!)!'!()(4F*#!'!(*0[-
-*.'!%49:'.)0&)!m!.$0%ǃ$!()%%)!=.$0)7! !"#*-)*#'!'0;2*%)!64)!"$()#*'!%)#!
/)*&'!,!'!()!64)!'!#)+*1$!$0()!'!=.$0)!($!Ganesha!/$*!()%)03$23*($!)#'!"#$"=.*'!
"'#'!'+#*.42&4#'>!)-!)%").*'2!('!.'0'O()O'5Z.'#>!'##$F!)!-*2?$!^!.42&4#'%!)%")-
.*'2-)0&)!'"#).*'('%!")2$%!"'64*()#-)%7! !)D")#*E0.*'!0$%!-$%&#'!'!()3'%&'51$!
64)! $%! )2)/'0&)%! .'4%'-! 64'0($! '()0&#'-! '%! "2'0&'5])%7! a>! .$-$! '/*#-'! $!
(*&'($!"$"42'#>!64'0($!$!*0*-*+$!01$!"$()!%)#!()##$&'($>!$!-)2?$#!,!'2*'#O%)!
'!)2)7!8)%%'!'"#$D*-'51$>!'!.$-40*('()!"#*-*&*3'!"'%%$4!'!'($#'#!$!)2)/'0&)>!
64)>!"$#!%4'!3)F>!()*D$4!()!)0&#'#!0'%!#)+*])%!'+#=.$2'%!)>!($-)%&*.'($>!"'%%$4!
'!%)#!4-!'2*'($!)-!&)-"$%!()!"'F!)!+4)##'7!
N-'!3)F!64)!'4-)0&$4!'!"#$(451$!()!+#1$%>!)#'!0).)%%;#*$!'#-'F)0;-
O2$%7!W!'#-'F)0'-)0&$!%*-9$2*F'!'!/'#&4#'!('!.$-*('!0'!%$.*)('()7!b'%!)%%'!
/'#&4#'!,!()%=('!")2'!*03'%1$!($%!#'&$%7!8)%%)!.$0&)D&$!)0.$0&#'-$%>!0$-
3'-)0&)>!$!%)#!?4-'0$!/'F)0($!4-'!'2*'05'!.$-!$!#'&$!"'#'!+'#'0&*#!'!/'#-
&4#'7!a%&'9)2).)0($!4-'!'2*'05'!'-*+;3)2!)0&#)!$%!($*%!'0*-'*%!O!$!+#'0()!)!
$!")64)0$!O>!$%!'+#*.42&$#)%!.$0%)+4*#'-!-'0&)#!%4'!$#()-!'+#=.$2'!)!%$.*'27!
M$%&)#*$#-)0&)>!'%!'2*'05'%!/$#'-!40*/*.'('%!%$9!4-!Z0*.$!=.$0)!64)!%)!&$#0$4!
C'0)%?'!^!#)-$3*($%>!$%!$9%&;.42$%!m!.*3*2*F'51$!%)!.$03)#&)#'-!0$!()4%!@#)-
-$3)($#!($%!$9%&;.42$%B7! %%*->!$9%)#3'-$%!64)!$!.$0&)Z($!#)2*+*$%$!()%%)!
=.$0)!"#$3,-!('!)D")#*E0.*'!(*#)&'!.$-!'!&)##'!/,#&*2!64)>!-'*%!&'#()>!'%%4-*4!
/)*5])%!()!)%"*#*&4'2*('()7!
|7!W!LW8LaVAW!Ga! R A H
Vishnu,!$!G)4%!('!M#)%)#3'51$>!'%%4-*4!-Z2&*"2'%!-'0*/)%&'5])%`!/$#-
-'%!'0*-'*%>!%)-*O?4-'0'%!)!?4-'0'%7!Avatara %*-9$2*F'!'!9)2'!'&*&4()!($!
G*3*0$!"'#'!.$-!$%!%)#)%!?4-'0$%7! !%*+0*/*.'51$!-'*%!"#$/40('>!*0.4&*('!)-!
%)4%!(*3)#%$%!-*&$%!)!64)!01$!()3)#*'!%)#!)%64).*('>!,!'!()!64)!G)4%!%'23'!%4'%!
criaturas. Vishnu,!'!%)4!&)-"$>!)0&#'!0$!-40($!($%!?$-)0%!"'#'!!"#$&)+EO2$%.
L$-$!)0.$0&#'-$%!0$!Bhagavad Gita: @l4'0($!$!)64*2=9#*$!($!N0*3)#%$!,!
'-)'5'($!")2$!.'$%>!R*%?04>!$!()4%!"#)%)#3'($#>!)0.'#0'!0'!&)##'!"'#'!#)%&'-
9)2).)#!)%&)!)64*2=9#*$B!IVR>!jK7!aD*%&)-!.$0?).*-)0&$%!(*3)#+)0&)%!)-!#)2'-
51$! '$! 0Z-)#$! ('%! )0.'#0'5])%! ()! Vishnu7! 2+40%! '/*#-'-! 64)! %)#*'-! do>!
$4&#$%>!64)!%)#*'-!Ud7!b'%!'%!%'+#'('%!)%.#*&4#'%!)0/'&*F'-!64)!%1$!Uf>!'2+$!
64)!,!'.)*&$!()!-$($!+)#'2!)-!&$('!'!\0(*'7!a2'%!%1$`!Matsya!I")*D)K>!Kurma
I&'#&'#4+'K>!Varaha!I:'3'2*K>!Nrusimha!I?$-)-!.$-!.'9)5'!()!2)1$K>!Vamana,
Parashurama, Rama, Krishna>!Buda e Kalkin.!W%!"#*-)*#$%!&#E%!%1$!'%!/$#-'%!
'0*-'*%_!$!64'#&$!,!4-!%)-*O?4-'0$!)!$%!Z2&*-$%!%1$!/*+4#'%!?4-'0'%!O!'2-
+4-'%!?*%&Q#*.'%>!$4&#'%!-=&*.'%7!!!!
!.#)05'!0'!#))0.'#0'51$!)D*%&)!)-!-4*&'%!#)2*+*])%>!-'%!%)4%!.$0.)*-
&$%! (*3)#+)-! ()! 4-'! "'#'! '! $4&#'7! 8$! a%"*#*&*%-$! 9#'%*2)*#$>! "$#! )D)-"2$>!
$!.$0.)*&$!)%&;!#)2'.*$0'($!m!)3$2451$!('!'2-'`!$!'3'05$!#4-$!m!")#/)*51$!,!
")#-'0)0&)>!)!01$!?;!"$%%*9*2*('()!()!#)+#)%%$!'!)%&;+*$%!'0&)#*$#)%O*0/)#*$#)%7!!
! .#)05'! 0'! #))0.'#0'51$! 0$! <*0(4=%-$! )%&;! *0&*-'-)0&)! 3*0.42'('!
m!@n)*!($!Karma”,!4-'!)%",.*)!()!-).'0*%-$!.Q%-*.$!()!)64*2=9#*$!($!64'2!
0*0+4,-! "$()! )%.'"'#7! “ ! "#)%)0&)! )D*%&E0.*'! ,! .$0/*+4#'('! )! ()&)#-*0'('!
")2'%!'5])%!zx'#-'{!()!4-'!)D*%&E0.*'!"#,3*'>!64)!"$#!%*!%Q!/$*!$!#)%42&'($!('%!
'5])%!()!4-'!)D*%&E0.*'!'0&)#*$#>!)!'%%*-!%4.)%%*3'-)0&)!04-'!%,#*)!()!3*('%!
%)-!*0=.*$!()/*0*($>!%49-)&*('%!'!4-!()&)#-*0*%-$!.)+$!()!#=+*('!#)&#*94*-
51$7B!IA NTOINE>!Uvvp>!"!UeiK7
! %,#*)! ()! %4.)%%*3$%! 0'%.*-)0&$%>! -$#&)%! )! #)0'%.*-)0&$%! .$0?).*('!
como Samsara!,!.$-"'#'('!.$-!$!$.)'0$>!64)!)D")#*-)0&'!.$0%&'0&)%!&4#-
942E0.*'%7! G)0&#$! ($! .$0.)*&$! ()! Samsara,! '! "$%%*9*2*('()! ('! 2*9)#&'51$! ($!
*0(*3=(4$!)%&;!0'!-$#'2*('()!()!4-'!)D*%&E0.*'!.$##)&'!%)+40($!$!Dharma7!<;!
(4'%!'9$#('+)0%!64)!"$()-!)%.2'#).)#!&'2!.$0.)*&$7! !"#*-)*#'!,!'!($!Katha-
-Upanishad, 64)!'/*#-'`!
8$!()2*0)'-)0&$!()!%4'!.$0(4&'!-$#'2>!$!<*0(4=%-$!$/)#).)!'!"$%%*-
9*2*('()!('!Moksha,!$4!2*9)#&'51$!()!Samsara. A Lei do Karma!"#)%%4"])!64)!
&$('!'!.#*'51$!,!.$0.)9*('!.$-$!)D&)0%1$!()!G)4%7!W!A$($!IG*3*0$K!&$#0'-
O%)!-4*&$%>!)!'!%'23'51$!,!3*%&'!.$-$!)%%)%!-4*&$%!#)&$#0'0($!'$!A$($7!N-'!
3)F!.$-"#))0(*($!*%&$>!01$!*-"$#&'!'!/$#-'!/=%*.'!($!0'%.)#!O!%):'!.$-$!/2$#>!
/$#-*+'!$4!%)#!?4-'0$7!L'('!)2)-)0&$!,!3*%&$!.$-$!)D&)0%1$!('!(*3*0('()>!
.'"'F>!"$#&'0&$>!()!#)&$#0'#!m!(*3*0('()!()!64)!"'#&*47!}!24F!()%&)!)0&)0(*-
-)0&$>!$%!?*0(4%!.$0%*()#'-!64)!&$($!$!40*3)#%$!,!'!3*9#'51$!.$0%&'0&)!('!
"#)%)05'!()!G)4%7
W4&#'!'9$#('+)-!64)!,!()!P~'-*!R*3)x'0'0('>!$!#)2*+*$%$!64)!2)3$4!$!
<*0(4=%-$!'$!W.*()0&)!64'0($!.$03*('($!'!/'2'#!%$9#)!'!#)2*+*1$!0$!/'-$%$!
M'#2'-)0&$!('%!H)2*+*])%!)-!L?*.'+$!I()!UjviK7!R*3)x'0'0('!'/*#-'!64)!$!
Karma!,!'!)&)#0'!'/*#-'51$!('!2*9)#('()!?4-'0'!O!0$%%$%!")0%'-)0&$%>!0$%%'%!
"'2'3#'%>!0$%%$%!'&$%!%1$!/*$%!()!4-'!#)()!64)!&).)-$%!'$!#)($#!()!0Q%!-)%-
-$%7!a%%'!'/*#-'51$!,!)0/'&*F'('!)!.$-"2)-)0&'('!"$#!G))"'x!L?$"#'`!@A$('!
'51$!+)#'!4-'!/$#5'!)0)#+,&*.'!64)!#)&$#0'!'!0Q%!('!-)%-'!/$#-'7!W!64)!%)-
-)'-$%!,!$!64)!.$2?)-$%”7!I61%7*!>!Uvvo>!"!ipK!P)+40($!)%%'!'9$#('+)->!
0$%%'%!)%.$2?'%!()&)#-*0'-!%4'%!"#Q"#*'%!.$0%)64E0.*'%>!)>!"$#&'0&$>!()3)O%)!
)%&'#!@.$0%.*)0&)-)0&)!'2)#&'!"'#'!'%!)%.$2?'%!64)!/'F)-$%!'!&$($!$!-$-)0&$B.
I61%7*!>!Uvvo>!"!ivK
%%*->!0'('!($!64)!$!*0(*3=(4$!#).)9)!,!"$#!'.'%$>!%)0($!64)!$!64)!
"#)0()!$!%)#!?4-'0$!m!#$('!()!Samsara!,!'!*+0$#[0.*'!.'4%'('!")2$!()%):$!)!
")2$!"#'F)#7!M'#'!%)!2*9)#&'#!()%%'%!(4'%!'-'##'%>!$!%)#!?4-'0$>!"$#!%*!%Q>!&)-!
()!.$-"#))0()#!%4'!.$0(*51$!)!"#$.4#'#!2*9)#&'#O%)7!W!L#*%&*'0*%-$!&)-!$4&#$!
-$($!()!&#'9'2?'#>!%4%&)0&'0($!64)!$4&#$!%)#!"$()!0$%!':4('#!'!#)(*-*#7!@8$!
'%.)&*.*%-$!.#*%&1$>!$!.$0.)*&$!.)0&#'2!,!'!#)()051$>!)!0$!('!\0(*'>!2*9)#&'51$B7!
I7!8>!Uvv|>!"!UooK7!8$!<*0(4=%-$>!.'('!*0(*3=(4$!,!'#64*&)&$!()!%4'!"#Q"#*'!
3*('7!M'#'!#)'2*F'#!&'2!$9#'>!#).)9)!"#*0.="*$%!"'#'!$#*)0&'#!%4'!.$0(4&'!)>!"$#!
/*->!%)!2*9)#&'#7!
G)0&#$!($!.$0&)D&$!()!Samsara )0.$0&#'O%)!'!%)-)0&)!('!.#)05'!0'!#)-
)0.'#0'51$7!H))0.'#0'51$!,!4-'!*()*'!.)0&#'2!()!(*3)#%$%!%*%&)-'%!filosóficos e
religiosos7!P)+40($!)2'>!4-!%)#!?4-'0$!,!.'"'F!()!%49%&*&4*#!'!-$#&)!($!%)4!
.$#"$>! '%%4-*0($! '%! /$#-'%! (*/)#)0&)%! I.$#"$%K! "'#'! 4-! /*-! )%").=/*.$! O! '!
-'*$#*'!('%!3)F)%>!"'#'!$!'4&$O")#/)*5$'-)0&$7!8$!<*0(4=%-$>!)2'!#).)9)!4-'!
.$0$&'51$!-4*&$!-'*%!"#$/40('>!4-'!3)F!64)!,!3*0.42'('!'$!.$0.)*&$!()!Sa-
msara!^!4-!continuum ()!'51$>!#)'51$>!0'%.*-)0&$>!-$#&)!)!#)0'%.*-)0&$!'&,!
64)!$.$##'!'!'042'51$O.$-")0%'51$!&$&'2!($!Karma7!L$-$!'/*#-'!$!Bhagavad
Gita: @ %%*-!.$-$!4-'!")%%$'!3)%&)!#$4"'%!0$3'%!)!:$+'!/$#'!'%!#$4"'%!'0&*+'%!
)!#'%+'('%>!4-'!'2-'!)0.'#0'('!)0&#'!)-!0$3$%!.$#"$%!-'&)#*'*%>!'9'0($0'0-
($!$%!'0&*+$%7!I;1!:!5!" GITA>!d>!"!ddK
V0*.*'2-)0&)>!$!.$0.)*&$!)#'!"4#'-)0&)!3*0.42'($!m!/'#&4#'!)!m!&#'064*-
2*('()!$/)#).*('%!")2'!#)+*1$!/,#&*27!N-!($%!/40('-)0&$%!9;%*.$%!('!&)##'!/,#&*2!
,!'!&)0(E0.*'!()!+)%&'#!$!()%):$!()!()*&'#!#'=F)%!)-!4-!Z0*.$!24+'#7!l4'0&$!
-'*%! 2$0+'! /$#! '! ")#-'0E0.*'>! &'0&$! -'*$#! %)#;! '! "$%%*9*2*('()! ()! '")+$! '$!
24+'#>!'$!'-9*)0&)!)!'$!.$0/$#&$!().$##)0&)!('!/*D'51$7!a%%)!()%):$!)!'")+$!'$!
-)*$!'-9*)0&)>!"$%&)#*$#-)0&)>!/$*!&#'0%/$#-'($!)-!4-!()%):$!()!#)&$#0'#!
'$!-)%-$!24+'#!'!"'#&*#!('!$9%)#3'51$!($!)&)#0$!"#$.)%%$!($!0'%.)#>!.#)%.)#!)!
-$##)#!('%!"2'0&'%7!a%%)!"#$.)%%$!/$*!&#'0%"$%&$!"'#'!'!2)*&4#'!('!3*('!?4-'0'>!
64)!-'*%!&'#()!#).)9)!4-'!#*.'!)!.$-"2)D'!)D"2*.'51$!($4&#*0;#*'!3*0.42'('!m!
Teoria do Karma.
j!MHV8L\MVWP!sAVLWP!Ga!RVG
A$('%! '%! &#'(*5])%! #)2*+*$%'%! "$%%4)-! "#*0.="*$%! ()! 3*('! 64)>! +)0)#*-
.'-)0&)>! .?'-'-$%! ($4&#*0'! #)2*+*$%'7! G)! -$($! +)#'2>! )%%)%! "#*0.="*$%! %1$!
)%&'9)2).*($%!")2$%!/40('($#)%!()!.'('!&#'(*51$7!b'*%!4-'!3)F!")#.)9)-$%!64)!
)2)%!%1$!)0+)0(#'($%!'!"'#&*#!('!)D")#*E0.*'!3*3*('!0'!#)+*1$!('!&)##'!/,#&*27!W%!
"#*0.="*$%!()!3*('!)%&'9)2).*($%!")2$%!Vedas!"'#'!'!)D*%&E0.*'!?4-'0'!"$()-!
%)#!#)%4-*($%!)-!64'&#$`!Artha, Kama, Dharma e Moksha.!L$-$!'"$0&'!W.-
&;3*$!M'F>!)%%)%!"#*0.="*$%!&E-!%4'!"#Q"#*'!(*0[-*.'>!)!%1$!'4&$O%4%&)0&'($%`!!
O primeiro refere-se à vida prática, ao mundo dos ganhos e das perdas, dos êxitos e
fracassos; o segundo, domínio do prazer e da vida sexual, não é regido pelo interesse,
mas pelo desejo; o terceiro compreende a vida superior: o dever, a moral e os princípios
que norteiam a conduta de cada um diante de sua família, sua casta e a sociedade;
o quarto consiste na libertação das cadeias da existência. Todas as quatro finalidades
são legítimas. Porém, na escala de valores, o prazer é superior ao trabalho, o dever ao
prazer, e a libertação aos outros três. (1996, p 151)
!3*3E0.*'!()%&)%!"#*0.="*$%!%)!(;!'!"'#&*#!()!$4&#$!.$0.)*&$>!Varnashra-
madharma,!64)>!"$#!%4'!3)F>!%)!%49(*3*()!)-!&#E%`!Varna, Ashrama e Dhara-
ma. Varna %*+0*/*.'!@.$#B7!W%!'#*'0$%>!()!")2)!.2'#'>!(*%.#*-*0'#'-!$%!0'&*3$%!
*0(*'0$%!()!")2)!)%.4#'!0$!*0*.*$!($!"#$.)%%$!()!'.42&4#'51$7!W!.$-"2)D$!('!
%4")#*$#*('()! ('! ")2)! 9#'0.'! %$9#)! '! )%.4#'>! "$%&)#*$#-)0&)>! ()4! $#*+)-! '$!
&)##=3)2! %*%&)-'! ('%! .'%&'%! 64)! '*0('! ?$:)! "#)3'2).)! )! "#):4(*.'! '! %$.*)('()!
indiana.
W! %)+40($! .$0.)*&$, Ashrama,! .$0%*%&)! ('%! 64'&#$! /'%)%! 64)! .'('! %)#!
?4-'0$!()3)!3*3)0.*'#!'$!2$0+$!()!%4'!3*('!&)##)0'7! !"#*-)*#'!/'%)>!Brahma-
charya>!64)!3'*!($!0'%.*-)0&$!'&,!$%!de!'0$%>!,!()(*.'('!'$%!)%&4($%!"'#'!64)!
%)!'"#)0('-!)!'.4-42)-!.$0?).*-)0&$%!)!%'9)($#*'7! !/$#-'51$!*-")()!'%!
)D"#)%%])%!)-$.*$0'*%!.$-$!$!0'-$#$>!64)!"#):4(*.'!$!.#)%.*-)0&$!*0&)2).&4-
'2!(4#'0&)!'!/'%)!64)!3'*!'&,!$%!)%&4($%!%4")#*$#)%7! !%)+40('!/'%)>!Grahasta>!
($%!de!'$%!ef!'0$%>!,!'!('!3*('!)-!/'-=2*'7!W!*0(*3=(4$!%)!.'%'!)>!'&#'3,%!($!
&#'9'2?$>!"#$.4#'!-'0&)#!%4'!/'-=2*'!)!('#!/$#-'51$!'$%!/*2?$%7! !&)#.)*#'!/'%)>!
Vanaprastha>!64)!3'*!($%!ef!'$%!pe!'0$%>!,!$!'/'%&'-)0&$!"'#'!'!3*('!)#)-=&*-
.'7!a-!+)#'2>!'!")%%$'!()3)!%)!#)&*#'#!m%!-$0&'0?'%!"'#'!-)(*&'#!)!#)/2)&*#7! !
Z2&*-'!/'%)>!Sanyasa>!($%!pe!'$%!Uff!'0$%>!,!4-'!"'%%'+)-!"'#'!'!3*('!'%.,&*-
.'>!64)!%*+0*/*.'!4-!()%'")+$!.$-"2)&$!)-!#)2'51$!'$!-40($!)!m!/'-=2*'7!W!
Ashrama ,!$!%*%&)-'!64)!*-"42%*$0'!$!*0(*3=(4$!'!)3$24*#!+#'('&*3'-)0&)!()!
4-!)%&'($!"'#'!$4&#$7!
M$#!/*-!&)-$%!$!Dharma,!&)#-$!64)>!'")%'#!()!*0&)#"#)&'($!.$-$!@#)-
2*+*1$B!0'%!2=0+4'%!-$()#0'%>!&)-!$!%*+0*/*.'($!.2;%%*.$!()!#)&*(1$!$4!9$'!"#;-
&*.'!,&*.'>!()!'.$#($!.$-!$%!"#*0.="*$%!&#'0%-*&*($%!()!)#'!)-!)#'!"$#!0$%%$%!
ancestrais virtuosos. Dharma ()%*+0'! '! &#'(*.*$0'2! $#()-! )%&'9)2).*('>! 64)!
*0.24*!&$($%!$%!()3)#)%>!%):'-!)2)%!*0(*3*(4'*%>!%$.*'*%!$4!#)2*+*$%$%7!8'!\0(*'>!
'! -'*$#! E0/'%)! )%&;! 0'! 3*3E0.*'! -$#'2>! m! 64'2! $! ?*0(4! ,! .$03*('($! "'#'! %)!
"#)3)0*#!($%!&#E%!*0*-*+$%`!Kama!I()%):$K>!Lobha!I)+$=%-$K>!)!Krodha I#'*3'K!
)!.42&*3'#!$*&$!3*#&4()%>!64)!%1$!'!.$-"'*D1$!"$#!&$('%!'%!.#*'&4#'%>!"'.*E0.*'>!
.$0&)0&'-)0&$>!"4#)F'>!%)#*)('()>!")0%'-)0&$!/'3$#;3)2>!2*9)#&'51$!('!'3'#)F'!
)!('!*03):'!!IA NTOINE>!UvvpK7!a064'0&$!'!2)*!($!Karma!/'F!('!3*('!?4-'0'!
4-! '%%40&$! "4#'-)0&)! *0(*3*(4'2>! $! Dharma! %492*0?'! $%! ()3)#)%! %$.*'*%! ()!
cada hindu.
%%*->!$!.$0.)*&$!()!Varna %)!#)/)#)!m!#)2'51$!%$.*'2!(*/)#)0.*'('!)0&#)!
$%!*0(*3=(4$%!"'#'!64)!%)!-'0&)0?'!'!"4#)F'!('%!#'5'%>!'&#'3,%!($!%*%&)-'!('%!
.'%&'%_! $! Ashrama /$#0).)! '! 9'%)! )! (*#)&#*F)%! "'#'! $! .#)%.*-)0&$! *0(*3*(4'2!
'()64'($_!$!.$0.)*&$!()!Dharma!'"2*.'O%)!'$!40*3)#%$!('%!"*%&'%!-$#'*%!)!)%-
"*#*&4'*%!"'#'!4-'!3*3E0.*'!.$##)&'!0'!%$.*)('()7!W4!%):'`!'!3*3E0.*'!'()64'('!
do Dharma 2*9)#&'!$!*0(*3=(4$!($!%*%&)-'!()!Varna,!'$!%'*#!('!.'%&'!"'#'!'!
01$O.'%&'_!$!.4-"#*-)0&$!()!Ashrama )2)3'O$!('!*24%1$!('!*+0$#[0.*'!"'#'!'!
")#/)*51$!$4!*24-*0'51$7!
M'#'!64)!%):'-!"$%&$%!)-!"#;&*.'!&'*%!"#*0.="*$%>!'!#)2*+*1$!$/)#).)!-4*-
&$%!.'-*0?$%!(*/)#)0&)%!)!*+4'2-)0&)!3'2$#*F'($%>!64)!"$()-!%)#!)%.$2?*($%!
"$#!.'('!?*0(4!ISwadharmaK )!%)+4*($%!"'#'!$!'2.'0.)!('!-)&'!(*3*0'!('!%'2-
3'51$7!L$-$!'/*#-'!r'0%%)0`
Cada pessoa tem caráter e talentos próprios. Para alguém com tendências filosóficas, o ca-
minho do conhecimento (jnana) é o correto, enquanto que para alguém com tendências
práticas, é o das ações (karma). A pessoa disciplinada optará pela senda do autocontrole
espiritual (yôga) e a devotada, pela da adoração (bhakti). (1993, p 4).
W9%)#3'0($O%)!()!")#&$>!"$()-$%!")#.)9)#!64)!$%!.'-*0?$%!'"#)%)0&'-
($%!")2$!<*0(4=%-$!(1$!E0/'%)!-'*%!m!")%%$'!?4-'0'!)!%4'%!"$&)0.*'2*('()%7!
W!%)#!?4-'0$!)%.$2?)!%)4!.'-*0?$>!)2)!/'F!%)4%!"#$:)&$%!)!"2'0$%!)>!"$#!/*->!,!
$!#)%"$0%;3)2!"$#!%4'!3*('!)!"$#!%4'!2*9)#&'51$7!b'*%!4-'!3)F!0$&'-$%!'!*0/24-
E0.*'!('!#)+*1$!()!&)##'!/,#&*2!0'!.$0%ǃ$!('!'4&$.$0/*'05'!($!%)#!?4-'0$!
.$-$!-)*$!"'#'!'!2*9)#&'51$7!
M)0%'-$%!64)>!%)-!'9$#('#!$!.$0&)D&$!('!(*/4%1$!($!<*0(4=%-$!0$!
W.*()0&)>!0$%%'!'"#)%)0&'51$!")#()#*'!)-!/$#5'!^!)%&'-$%>!'/*0'2>!0$%!(*#*+*0-
($! '! 2)*&$#)%! $.*()0&'*%7! 8$%! Z2&*-$%! %,.42$%>! $! <*0(4=%-$! &)-! )0&#'($! 0$!
40*3)#%$!$.*()0&'2!()!/$#-'!-4*&$!%4&*2>!'&#'3,%!('!(*/4%1$!()!-'0*/)%&'5])%!
#)2*+*$%'%!.$-$!$!Yôga>!'!-)(*&'51$!&#'0%.)0()0&'2>!$!Vedanta e o movimento
Hare Krishna.!8'!%)+40('!-)&'()!($!%,.42$!qVq!)!*0=.*$!($!qq>!-4*&$%!*0(*'-
0$%!?*0(4%!()*D'#'-!%4'!";&#*'!)!)-*+#'#'-!'$!W.*()0&)>!%)-!()*D'#!"'#'!&#;%!
%4'%!"#;&*.'%!#*&4'2=%&*.'%7!b4*&$%!2*3#$%!/$#'-!&#'(4F*($%!($!%[0%.#*&$!"'#'!$!
*0+2E%!"$#!'4&$#)%!*0(*'0$%!()!.'%&'%!%4")#*$#)%!64)!#)&$#0'#'-!m!\0(*'!()"$*%!
()!4-!")#=$($!()!)%&4($%!0$!W.*()0&)>!(4#'0&)!'!.$2$0*F'51$!9#*&[0*.'7!C#'-
5'%!'!)%%'%!&#'(45])%!)!-$3*-)0&$%!-4*&$%!$.*()0&'*%!&$-'#'-!$!.$0?).*-)0-
&$!()!)D")#*E0.*'%!-'*%!-=%&*.'%!)!)%"*#*&4'*%>!.$-$!g+'!)!-)(*&'51$>!)!'&#'3,%!
()!%4'%!"#;&*.'%!*0*.*'#'-!%4'!'3)0&4#'!0$!.$0?).*-)0&$!('!3*%1$!?$2=%&*.'!)!
%*0&,&*.'!($!<*0(4=%-$7!
N-'!('%!.$0&#*94*5])%!-'*%!0=&*('%!"'#'!'!(*/4%1$!($!<*0(4=%-$!0$!
W.*()0&)!/$*!m!"'#&*.*"'51$!()!R*3)x'0'0'('!0$!"'#2'-)0&$!('%!H)2*+*])%!)-!
L?*.'+$7!W4&#$!/'&$#!/$*!'!*-*+#'51$!()!/*2Q%$/$%!)!*$+4)%!?*0(4%!.$-$!r*((4!
w#*%?0'-4#&*! IUjveOUvj|K! )! $+'0'0('! IUjviOUvedK7! L$-$! .$0%)64E0.*'>!
")0%'($#)%!$.*()0&'*%!.$-$! 22'0!'&&%>!r$?0!S2$//)2(!)!G'0*)2$4!&*3)#'-!%4'!
'&)051$!()%")#&'('!"'#'!'%!#)2*+*])%!$#*)0&'*%>!*0*.*'0($!")%64*%'%!-'*%!"#$/40-
('%!%$9#)!$!&)-'7! 0&#$"Q2$+$%!9#*&[0*.$%>!'2)-1)%!)!/#'0.)%)%!.$-)5'#'-!'!
)%&4('#!)!'!'0'2*%'#!'!%$.*)('()!*0(*'0'!%$9!-Z2&*"2$%!"$0&$%!()!3*%&'7!b4*&$%!
#)2*+*$%$%!$.*()0&'*%!.'&Q2*.$%!&'-9,-!%)!*0&)#)%%'#'-!")2$!<*0(4=%-$!^!.'%$!
()! 9?*%?*x&'0'0('!)!S)()!C#*//*&?%>!64)!.$0%)+4*#'-!%*0&)&*F'#!<*0(4=%-$!
)! L#*%&*'0*%-$! )>! '%%*->! '"#)%)0&'#'-! 4-! 0$3$! #$%&$! $#*)0&'2! I*0(*'0$K! ($!
L#*%&*'0*%-$7! &4'2-)0&)!)0.$0&#'-O%)!)D"#)%%])%!)!-'0*/)%&'5])%!?*0(4=%&'%!
(*3)#%*/*.'('%!)-!&$($!$!-40($!&$($>!*0.24%*3)!0$!S#'%*27
Uf!LW8LnNPYW
Depois de cerca de quarenta anos de estudo das grandes religiões do mundo, não encon-
tro nenhuma tão perfeita, tão científica, tão filosófica e tão espiritual quanto a mag-
nífica religião conhecida pelo nome de Hinduísmo. Quanto mais você sabe sobre ela,
mais a amará. Quanto mais a procurar entender, mais profundamente a valorizará.
(apud IYER, 1994, p 178).
W!)D)-"2$!)!'!)D")#*E0.*'!($!<*0(4=%-$!0$%!$/)#).)-!4-'!0$3'!/$#-'!
()! '&4'#! 0$! .$0&)D&$! '&4'2! ($! -40($7! W! '&'64)! &)##$#*%&'! m%! &$##)%! +E-)'%!
'-)#*.'0'%! )! '%! .$0%)6)0&)%! +4)##'%! -$3*('%! ")2'%! "$&E0.*'%! $.*()0&'*%! 0$!
V#'64)!)!0$! /)+'0*%&1$>!'%%*-!.$-$!$%!#).)0&)%!/$.$%!()!3*$2E0.*'!)-!"'=%)%!
'%*;&*.$%>!0$%!-$%&#'-!'2+40%!%*0'*%!()!64)!'!?4-'0*('()!&)-!4-!2$0+$!.'-
-*0?$!'!")#.$##)#!)-!%4'!"#$.4#'!"$#!"'F!)!?'#-$0*'!+2$9'27
a-! $"$%*51$! '$! '4-)0&$! ('! ()%.$0/*'05'! )! '&#*&$%! )0&#)! '%! #)2*+*])%>!
.'('!64'2!94%.'0($!"#)3'2).)#>!$!<*0(4=%-$!'"#)%)0&'!4-'!"#$"$%&'!3;2*('7!
M$()-$%!'-"2*'#!"'#'!$!-40($!'%!"'2'3#'%!()!R*3)x'0'0('!%$9#)!'!\0(*'`!
A espécie humana tem de ser ensinada que as religiões não são mais que expressões vá-
rias DA RELIGIÃO, que é a Unicidade, de modo que cada um possa escolher o caminho
que melhor o sirva. Para o bem de nossa Terra Mãe, uma junção dos grandes sistemas
HacaH8LV P
S< nn >!M7!Hindu Rites, Rituals, Customs and Traditions: A to Z on the Hindu way of
life,!M4%&'x!b'?'2>!8)~!G)2?*>!dffe7!!
L<WMH >!G))"'x>!As sete leis espirituais do sucesso: Guia prático para a realização dos seus
sonhos7!P1$!M'42$`!S)%&!P)22)#>!Uvvo7!
Ga!PbaA>!H7_!8aN8aH>!r7!Religious Hinduism7!P&7!M'42%>!b4-9'*>!Uvvp7!
n n>!R*0'T`!G*'%"$#'!M4#'0'>!A?)!V0(*.!M#)%)0.)!*0!&?)!$#2(7!V0`!The International
Indian 10>!07!|!Ic)9#4'#T!dffiK7
b A rV>! R7! I)(K7! Shabda Shakti Sangam>! r))3'0OG?'#'! P'(?'0'! w4&*#>! H*%?*x)%?!
1995.
4
Ver Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda, Vol. VI, p 416-417.
b G 8>!A7!I)(K7!Religion in India.!n$0($0`!WD/$#(!N0*3)#%*&T!M#)%%>!Uvvd7
M HA< P H A<>! 7 The Symbolism of Hindu Gods And Rituals. S$-9'T`!! #40!
b)?'&'!R'x*2!'0(!P$0%!nAG>!Uvje>!"7dU!
Recebido em 23/04/2010
Aprovado em 23/05/2010