Senior High School

Reading and Writing Skills

Quarter 3 - Module 1
Reading & Thinking Strategies across
Text Types

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Competency 1 7
What’s New 8
What I Need to Know 8
What I Know 9
What’s New Lesson 1.1 Writing Paragraphs 10
What Is It? Activity 1 11
What’s New Lesson 1.2 Narration 12
What Is It? Activity 2 13
What’s New Lesson 1.3 Description 14
What Is It? Activity 3 15
What’s New Lesson 1.4 Definition 16
What Is It? Activity 4 17
What’s New Lesson 1.5 Classification 18
What Is It? Activity 5 19
What’s New Lesson 1.6 Comparison & Contrast 20
What Is It? Activity 6 21
What’s New Lesson 1.7 Cause & Effect 22
What Is It? Activity 7 23
What’s New Lesson 1.8 Problem-Solution 25
What Is It? Activity 8 26
What’s New Lesson 1.9 Persuasion 27
What Is It? Activity 9 28
What I Have Learned 29
Assessment 29
Key to Answers 30
References 31

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 Lesson Reading & Thinking Strategies:
1 Paragraph Development

What’s New
This part of the module discusses about paragraph writing. It includes the
various techniques or patterns in developing a paragraph. It also explains the
elements involved in paragraph writing. Each method or pattern is followed by writing
activities to test your ability and theoretical knowledge in writing unified, coherent
and emphatic paragraphs.

What I Need to Know

By the end of this lesson, you are expected to:

1. compare and contrast patterns of written texts across disciplines:

a) Narration
b) Description & Definition
c) Classification
d) Comparison & Contrast
e) Cause and Effect
f) Problem-Solution
g) Persuasion

What I Know
To achieve the objectives of this module, do the following:

 Take your time reading the lessons carefully.

 Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises
diligently.
 Answer all the given tests and exercises.

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 Before heading on to our lesson, let us first check what you already
know. Read the statements carefully, and determine what is being referred to,
then write your answers on the blanks provided before each number.

___________1. It is a method of writing a paragraph by drawing pictures with words.

___________2. This method of paragraph development involves similarities and
differences between two things.
___________3. This gives a written account of an event or story.
___________4. This is a collection of related sentences with one central idea.
___________5. This pattern of development classifies or divides people, places,
things or ideas into categories.

Great job! Later we will see if your answers are correct by reading the
rest of this module… but before that….

Can you define what a paragraph is? Try filling up this graphic organizer, with your
ideas of what a paragraph is.

PARAGRAPH

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 Lesson Reading & Thinking Strategies:
1.1 Writing Paragraphs

What’s New

 The word paragraph comes from two Greek words: para which means
“beyond” or “beside” and graphein which means “to write”.
 A paragraph is a collection of related sentences with one central idea.
Each sentence shows connection to other sentences in the paragraph.
 A paragraph is an independent unit or a related unit. As an independent
unit, it is complete in itself. As a related unit, it is a part of a composition
that is combined with other paragraphs to make a larger composition.
 Whether a paragraph is an independent unit or a related unit, it has its
beginning, middle and end.

DEVELOPING EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPHS

One of the most important elements in writing is the form or structure. It is

worth noting that without a solid structure in place, the content you have gathered
would fall apart. After constructing an outline and writing your first draft, it is time to
get on to paragraph writing.

An effective paragraph shows the unity of the sentences used in developing

the main idea. A paragraph is made up of the topic sentence which contains the
main idea, the supporting details and the conclusion or the clinching sentence at
the end.

 Topic sentence – it reveals the main or central idea of the paragraph. It does
not necessarily have to be placed at the beginning of the paragraph. It may be
found in the middle of the first and the last sentence or at the end. If it is found
at the end of the paragraph, it may be used as a clinching or concluding
sentence.
 Supporting details – they give the paragraph life as it elaborates on the scope
given by the topic sentence.

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  Clinching sentence – it closes your paragraph. According to Dagdag (2010),
this “may be a restatement of the topic sentence, a summary, or a conclusion
based on the supporting details.”

What is it?
Activity 1: Read the paragraph below and identify the topic sentence. Write
your answer on the blank provided below each paragraph.

1.  Oceans and lakes have much in common, but they are also quite different. Both
are bodies of water, but oceans are very large bodies of salt water, while lakes
are much smaller bodies of fresh water. Lakes are usually surrounded by land,
while oceans are what surround continents. Both have plants and animals living
in them. The ocean is home to the largest animals on the planet, whereas lakes
support much smaller forms of life. When it is time for a vacation, both will make
a great place to visit and enjoy. I want to swim in the lake.
Topic Sentence:
________________________________________________________________
2. Sunset is the time of day when our sky meets the outer space solar winds. There
are blue, pink, and purple swirls, spinning and twisting, like clouds of balloons
caught in a blender. Sunset is the opposite of sunrise. The sun moves slowly to
hide behind the line of horizon, while the moon races to take its place in
prominence atop the night sky. People slow to a crawl, entranced, fully forgetting
the deeds that still must be done. There is a coolness, a calmness, when the sun
does set.
Topic Sentence:
________________________________________________________________
3. Here is the perfect system for cleaning your room. First, move all of the items
that do not have a proper place to the center of the room. Get rid of at least five
things that you have not used within the last year. Take out all of the trash, and
place all of the dirty dishes in the kitchen sink. Now find a location for each of the
items you had placed in the center of the room. 5s is a Japanese cleaning
system. For any remaining items, see if you can squeeze them in under your
bed or stuff them into the back of your closet. See, that was easy!
Topic Sentence:
________________________________________________________________

Great job answering those items!

Moving on, there are several methods or techniques in paragraph
development. You will be exploring them in the next lessons. Are you
ready?

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 Lesson Reading & Thinking Strategies:
1.2 Narration

What’s New

 Narration, from the root word narrates, originated from the Latin word
narrare— which means related or told.
 It gives a written account of an event or story, or simply, storytelling. The
sequence of events is told in chronological order.
 It usually contains the following: the who, what and when.
 A narrative must have “vivid” description of details, a consistent point of
view and verb tense, and a well-defined point or significance.” (Tiongson,
2016).
 At the end of writing it, it must send a clear message to its readers through
the story.

A narrative paragraph simply tells what happened and establishes facts. It

is sharing of personal experiences that offer lessons and insights. It is more than
just a chronological sequence of events that happen to the different
characters. It also contains elements of drama and tension.

Narration is the most common type of paragraph development. It has the

following elements:
1. Setting. It is the time and location in which a story takes place.
2. Characters. The life-giving element of the story.
3. Plot. It is the logical series of events in the story.
The five essential parts of the plot are:
a. Exposition. It is the part of the story where the characters and
the setting are revealed.
b. Rising Action. It is where the events in the story become
complicated and the conflict in the story is exposed.
c. Climax. This is the highest point of interest and the turning
point of the story.
d. Falling Action. The events and complications begin to resolve
themselves.
e. Denouement. The final resolution of the plot in the story.
4. Point of View. It is the perspective of the writer in narrating the
story.

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 a. First person point of view . The story is told by the
protagonist or one of the characters using pronouns I , me ,
we.
b. Second person point of view . The author tells the story in
second point of view using the pronouns you , yours, and
your.
c. Third person point of view . The narrator is not part of the
story but describes the events that happen. The writer uses
the pronouns he, she , him, and her.

What is it?
Activity 2: Read the story “Not Necessary News From The Beat” and
answer the comprehension questions that follow.

Palace liaison in Congress Jesus Ayala has an incident to share with

friends, after meeting a world-renowned missionary, Mother Teresa of Calcutta,
India last week. When Mother Teresa , dubbed a “ living saint “ in religious
circles, paid a courtesy call on President Aquino at the Malacanang Premier
Guest House Thursday afternoon last week, Chito was one among the palace
staff members who eagerly lived up to have a glimpsed of the 79-year-old
nun. It was a blessing that Chito even had the chance to kiss Mother
Teresa’s hands. And, on bended knees, Chito publicly confessed. “Bless me,
Mother Teresa for I have many sins, “ he whispered to her. (Reprinted from:
Philippine Daily Inquirer “Not Necessary from the Beat”).

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
1. Who is the main character of the story?
A. Jesus Ayala C. President Aquino
B. Mother Teresa D. Palace Sta
2. Where is the setting of the narrated story?
A. Malacanang Guest House C. Office
B. Garden D. Sala
3. Who is the world –renowned missionary?
A. Chito Ayala C. Sta. Rita
B. Mother Teresa D. Pres. Aquino
4. Where is the setting of the narrated story?
A. Spain C. Philippines
B. Calcuta, India D. Malaysia
5. Who is the president mentioned in the story?
A. Pres. Estrada C. Pres. Aquino
B. Pres. Macpagal D. Pres. Duterte

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 Lesson Reading & Thinking Strategies:
1.3 Description

What’s New
Descriptive writing emphasizes a reader’s ability to paint vivid pictures using
words on a reader’s mind. This relies on the writer’s ability to appeal to his/her five
 Description gives information of what a person, an object, a place or a
situation is like.
 It appeals to the reader’s senses.
 A descriptive paragraph has concrete and specific details, which are
carefully chosen by a writer to paint a picture in the mind of the reader.

senses: the sight, smell, touch, taste, and hearing.

To rouse feelings, emotions and reactions from the readers is what

descriptive paragraphs aim for. Simple adjectives will not simply cut it for readers
desiring for appropriate description of an event, thing, place or person.

According to Dagdag (2010), there are two types of description: objective

and subjective. Objective description is a factual description of the topic at hand.
This relies its information on physical aspects and appeals to those who crave for
facts. Meanwhile, subjective description allows the writer to explore ways to
describe an emotion, an event, a thing, a place or person, appealing to emotions.
Often, this is an artistic way of describing things, mostly from the eye and
perspective of the writer.

Here is a word bank of sensory words to refer to when you want to add
descriptive details to your paragraphs:
SIGHT SOUND SMELL TOUCH TASTE
sparkling yelp musty sticky spicy
gloomy shriek rotten grainy sweet
glossy whisper fragrant smooth sour
bright hiss fresh satiny bitter
dazzling screech pungent pointy bland
cloudy chortle fruity clammy creamy
blurred sneeze stinky furry delectable

What is it?
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Activity 3: Try these writing activities. Use your imagination!

A. Imagine yourself somewhere in the forest. You cannot find your way to get back
home. Write a short paragraph describing your sensations. You may use the word
bank list to help you express your sensations.
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B. Then imagine yourself still in the forest. You continue walking and you get lost
along the way and you really don’t know where to go. You get tired, so you sit under
a tree. Suddenly, a lady appears in front of you. How would you describe the lady so
that others could imagine her?
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Lesson Reading & Thinking Strategies:

1.4 Definition
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 What’s New
 Definition explains a concept, term or subject. Its main purpose is to tell
what something is.
 It consists of three parts: (1) the term, concept or subject to be defined; (2)
the general class to which it belongs; and (3) the characteristics that
differentiate it from the other members of its class.
 A definition explains what a term means. When you want your
readers to know exactly how you are using a certain term or an
unfamiliar concept , you use definition.

Definition is the main constituent of any dictionary. In developing a

paragraph by definition, you should take account of these things:
a) the term to be defined
b) the class to which the term belongs
c) the characteristics that distinguish the term from the other
members of its class.
Take a look at this example of a definition:
An owl is a bird with a large head, strong talons and has a nocturnal
habit.
Owl – is the term to defined
Bird – is the class where the owl belongs
with a large head, strong talons and has a nocturnal habit – are the
characteristics that distinguish the owl from the other birds.
The following are the different types of definitions:
1. Formal Definition. The definitions provided in dictionaries.
2. Informal Definitions. The three common informal definitions are operational
definitions, synonyms, and connotations.
a. Operational Definitions gives the meaning of an abstract word for
one particular time and place.
b. Synonyms or words that mean the same as another word.
c. Denotation is the exact meaning of the word
d. Connotation is an idea or meaning suggested by or associated with
a word or things.
3. Definition Paragraph. It is a definition sentence which is extended into a
paragraph by adding meanings, descriptions, narrations , and other kinds
of paragraph development to make clear the term being defined.

What is it?11
Activity 4: Try to develop a paragraph by using the definition method. Choose
your topic from the words listed below. Define the term and expand it by
description or giving examples.

1. Education
2. Senior High School
3. Family
4. COVID-19
5. Student

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Lesson Reading & Thinking Strategies:

1.5 Classification

What’s New
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  Classification paragraphs group items into categories, to establish a clear
distinction.
 If the topic encompasses a large body of information, one effective way of
elaborating it is through classifying things of distinct features into
groups/classes.
 Classification groups items into categories to establish a clear distinction
between related or similar ideas. Similar items are grouped into categories
for the readers to better understand and analyze the material at hand.

In a classification paragraph you tell readers how a collection of items

can be sorted into categories. It is an activity of sorting items (people, things ,
ideas ) into categories.

1. Terms that signal classification

aspects kinds qualities traits
areas levels systems types

2. Transitional Expressions

can be divided can be categorized

can be classified the first type

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 What is it?

Activity 5: Read the paragraph below and answer the questions that follow.

Types of Friends

Friends can be classified according to their honesty , loyalty , the type

that fits you into their schedule , or the type that finds time for you when
they need something. An honest friend tells you the truth even if it’s not
always what you want to hear. In the long run , that honest friend may have
saved you from embarrassment or possibly rejection. They give you
constructive criticisms overall. The loyal friend is the type of friend that will
be there for you through thick and thin. They don’t care how good or bad
you may look one day; they are sensitive to your feelings , they respect you
and the other people in your life, and most of all they will never let you
down when times are hard. They may be what you call a best friend. The
third group, the person that fits you into their schedule , is the type of person
that is always on the go. They barely have time for themselves let alone
another person. More than likely they will not be there for you when you
need them most, because they are so wrapped up in their busy , hectic life.
Then you have the self-absorbent type of friend that finds time for you only
when they need something. This type of person isn’t what you would call a
friend. This person may always be extremely nice to you because they know
that from being nice they will more than likely get what they want. They will call you
every once in a while when it is almost time for them to use that person
again. It may be for a ride to work, home or they just want somebody to
hangout with because they have no other friends. If the person that is being
used is smart they will eventually realize that they are getting used and will
stop being there for that person. ( Amy Neil, 2005)

Comprehension Questions

1. What are the three types of friends?

2. What basis is used by the author to classify friends?

3. How does the author develop the classification essay?

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 Lesson Reading & Thinking Strategies:
1.6 Comparison & Contrast

What’s New

 A comparison tells how two things are similar. A contrast tells how they
are different.
 A paragraph developed by comparison and contrast has a unifying idea or
purpose of attempting to weigh decisions between two ideas or subjects.
 A comparison and contrast paragraph must be balanced in such a way that
there is an equal amount of information for each subject to avoid bias.

There are two ways in writing a comparison and contrast paragraph.

1. Subject – by - Subject Method. You present all of the facts and

supporting details about one topic , and then you give all the facts and
supporting details about the other topic.

2. Point – by - Point Arrangement. You discuss each point for both subjects
before giving on the next point.

What is it?

Activity 6: Write sentences by comparing and contrasting the given pictures

below.

1. Classroom Laboratory

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 (sign & symbol by www.freepik.com)

Similarities: ____________________________________________________
Differences: ____________________________________________________

2. Computer Calculator

(sign& symbol by www.freepik.com)

Similarities: ____________________________________________________
Differences: ____________________________________________________

Lesson Reading & Thinking Strategies:

1.7 Cause and Effect

What’s New

 A cause is what makes a particular thing happen.

 An effect is what results from a particular situation, activity, or behavior.
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 A paragraph developed by causal analysis must not only raise the question
why, but also give answers to the satisfaction of the reader.
Cause and Effect paragraphs are written for the following purposes:
 to discuss why a certain phenomenon occurs
 to discuss the results of a phenomenon, event, feeling or action
 to understand a situation
 to solve a problem
 to predict an outcome
 to entertain
 to persuade

Some of the signal words used in this type of paragraph are the following:
 For
 Because
 Since
 Due to
 So
 But
 For this reason
 As a result
 Consequently
 Otherwise
 Therefore
 Thu

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 What is it?

Activity 7: Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.

The Influence of Video Games to Children

Video games have been a part of children’s life for the past few decades. It all
started when Atari came up with its first gaming consul, which included a very simple
game of tennis. The controller had just 1 stick and 1 button to play with. Now, we
have many different types of consuls available in the market with very complex
games that requires controllers with two or more sticks and a variety of buttons.
Video games are almost second nature to the modern children and they are more
comfortable playing them. Playing video games can have many different effects
(both positive as well as negative) on children. Some of this effects include
increasing hand eye coordination and increasing dexterity mental skills; a decrease
interest in other interest such as studies and sports ; and a very negative effect of
inducing violence.
One of the most positive effects of video games is increasing the dexterity of a
child and improving his or her hand eye coordination. As mentioned earlier, the new
video games that are coming out are extremely complex and they involve the
movement of many different kinds of sticks and buttons on the controllers. These can
be very good for children as they learn to make the fast connections between what
they see and what their hands and fingers are doing. This allows them to think
quickly and improves their reflexes. The newest games are very precision-based and
it takes very minute and accurate movements for the children to control the
characters. This helps in making the children much more a depth at handling and
operating real-life machinery and objectives.
Another effect that playing video games have on children is that they
tend to get addicted to playing this games and give them foremost priority.
This takes the children away from their other responsibilities, such as doing
house chores, homework, and other physical activities. Children also end at
spending more time playing video games in front of television screens than
playing real and actual sports that involve physical exercise. This in turn can
have many health related problems for children, as they can get obese if they
don’t exercise ad stay home playing video games. This is perhaps the worst
negative effect that video games can have on children. Parents and educators
all over the world are concern about this phenomenon and they are urging the
children to not spend so much time playing video games. Many new video
games consuls, such as the new Nintendo WII have come out with games
that require users to actually get up and move.
 Many researchers have talked about the effects of viewing violence in the media
and how it affects children. Video games takes this to another level, where the
children are actually participating in being violent in the video games. There are
many games out there that allow children to play arm bearing characters who can kill
anyone that they want, steal cars, and commit many different kinds of crime. These
games can have negative implications on the children as they get immune to the
idea of committing crime and end up believing that it is alright. Research still on
going on this negative effect and it has not entirely been proven or disproven as of
yet.
We find that plain video games can have various effects on children, both
positive as well as negative. Even though children can benefit by increasing their
dexterity and improving their reflexes, the cost of them losing out on their physical
exercise and homework, as well as their becoming prone to violent acts, are way too
much. It is important that the parents and educators take up this problem seriously
and enable certain rules and regulations that allow children to divide their time
responsively between playing video games and completing their studies and other
responsibilities.

(Source: www.tailoredessays.com/samples/video-games-affect-children-essay.htm)

Comprehension Questions

1. Why are video games popular with children?

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2. What are the positive effects of playing video games?

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3. What are the negative effects of playing video games?

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 Lesson Reading & Thinking Strategies:
1.8 Problem - Solution

 In composition writing, problem-solution is a method for analyzing and

writing about a topic by identifying a problem and proposing one or more
solutions.
 Problem-solution paragraphs as the term implies, presents and identifies
a problem and proposes possible solution/s.

What’s New

In composing this type of essay, you must present an argument or

stand and support it with reliable evidence in order to persuade the readers to
make a particular move or action (Kemper et.al, 2016).

According to Soles (2010), topics for problem-solution essays “are

typically framed in the form of questions.” Problem-solution essay can provide
answers to 5W and 1H (who, what, when, where, why, and how) questions.
Soles (2010) added that this type of essay has essentially two parts: “a full
explanation of the nature of the problem, followed by an analysis of solutions
and their likelihood of success.”

Structure of paragraphs in a problem-solution essay:

Nordquist (1995) suggested the following structure of a problem-

solution paper that may serve as a guide on what to include in this type of
essay:
1. Introduction. At the forefront of the essay, the introduction must serve to
capture the reader’s attention. This may contain the thesis statement
wherein the problem or topic at hand is presented. This is where the
problem is defined, and the reason why it is significant to a specific group
of people (or the target audience).
2. Problem Paragraph. This paragraph/s will dwell on the elaboration of the
problem, effectively conveying the importance of a solution. You may
present reliable sources and evidence to support your stand.
3. Solution Paragraph. Present and describe a concrete solution to the
problem. Explain how this solution is better than other probable solutions.
 4. Conclusion. Conclude the essay with connection between the problem
and its proposed solution.

What is it?

Activity 8: Directions: Read the passage below and complete the graphic
organizer that follows.

Deforestation is a serious problem because it destroys forests—and

forests and trees are not just pretty to look at, they do an important job making
the earth´s environment suitable for life. They clean the air, store water,
preserve oil, and provide homes for animals. They also supply food, fuel,
wood products, and paper products for humans. In the past fifty years, more
than half of the world´s rainforests have been destroyed.

Today, all around the world, deforestation continues, the world´s

climate may change, floods may become more common, and animals will die.
One solution to the problem of deforestation is to use less paper. If you use
less paper, fewer trees will be cut for paper making. How can you use less
paper? One answer is to reduce your paper use by using both sides of the
paper when you photocopy, write a letter, or write an essay. A second answer
is to reuse old paper when you can, rather than using a new sheet of paper.
The backs of old envelopes are perfect for shopping list or phone messages,
and when you write a rough draft of an essay, write it on the back of
something else. A final answer is to recycle used paper products instead of
throwing them away. Most schools, offices, and districts have some kind of
recycling center. If you follow "the three Rs"- reduce, reuse, and recycle-you
can help save the world´s forest.

Use the figure above

as your guide
 Lesson Reading & Thinking Strategies:
1.9 Persuasion

 A persuasive paragraph tries to convince the reader that a particular point

of view is worthy of consideration. It wants you to consider both sides of an
issue, but it reveals a bias in favor of one side over another.
 A persuasive paragraph intends to convince readers to do or believe in
something.
 Knowing how to write a persuasive paragraph allows you to express your
personal conviction or opinion about an issue or topic and make the
readers agree with or adopt your conviction or opinion.

Much like problem-solution essays, persuasion essays seek to urge

readers to take a particular action (Forlini, et.al, 1990). The main goal of
persuasive essays is to convince the reader to agree to the writer’s opinion or
at the very least, take it into serious consideration.
According to Forlini (1990), “the purpose of persuasive writing is to
What’s New
obtain the reader’s agreement on a matter of opinion.”
The statements given in persuasive essays are heavy on opinion while
based on facts. The opinions of the writer must be (a) controversial enough or
something that would inspire conversation and debate, (b) significant and
interesting, and (c) supported by evidence. (Forlini, 1990).
It is also vital that in order to prove your stand, you must thoroughly
research about the issue you are about to discuss. Make a list of your
strongest arguments composed of facts and data. Introduce a new reason or
fact with every paragraph.

Some of the transitional expressions used in persuasive paragraphs are the

following:
ANSWER THE
GIVE REASONS DRAW CONCLUSION
OPPOSITION
First (second, third, etc.) Of course Therefore
Another, Next Some may say Thus
Last, finally Nevertheless Hence
Because, since, for On the other hand Consequently
Although

What is it?

Activity 9: Write a paragraph with the topic “I Changed My _________”.

(e.g. lifestyle, attitude, priorities, eating habits, mind, etc.). Devote your
attention to the cause of your change and its effects.

Your paragraph will be rated based on the rubric below. You may write your
paragraph on the space provided.

Criteria Performance Indicators Points Score

Complete and thoughtful explanation of ideas 5
CONTENT Strong organization and structure 3
Vivid supporting details included 3
Written in complete sentence 2
MECHANICS Correct and appropriate grammar,
2
punctuation, spelling, etc.
Total 15

I CHANGED MY ____________________

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What I Have Learned

 A paragraph is a collection of related sentences with one central idea.

Each sentence shows connection to other sentences in the paragraph.
 A paragraph has a topic sentence, supporting details, and a clinching
sentence.
 There are many ways of developing a paragraph, such as: narration,
description, definition, classification, comparison and contrast, cause
and effect, problem-solution and persuasion.

Assessment

After our lesson, let us now check what you have learned. Read the
statements carefully, and determine what is being referred to, then write
your answers on the blanks provided before each number.
____________________1. It is a method of writing a paragraph by drawing
pictures with words.
____________________2. This method of paragraph development involves
similarities and differences between two things.
____________________3. This gives a written account of an event or story.
____________________4. This is a collection of related sentences with one
central idea.
____________________5. This pattern of development classifies or divides
people, places, things or ideas into categories.

Key to Answers
Pre-Test & Post-test
1. Description
2. Comparison & Contrast
3. Narration
4. Paragraph
5. Classification

ACTIVITY 1
1. Oceans and lakes have much in common, but they are also quite different.
2. Sunset is the time of the day when our sky meets solar winds.
3. Here is a perfect system for cleaning your room.

ACTIVITY 2
1. A
2. A
3. D
4. A
5. C

ACTIVITY 3: Answers may vary.

ACTIVITY 4: Answers may vary.

ACTIVITY 5: Answers may vary.

ACTIVITY 6: Answers may vary.

ACTIVITY 7: Answers may vary.

ACTIVITY 8: Answers may vary.

ACTIVITY 9: Answers may vary.

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