Learning Guide. Read the following from J.

Pinel’s PDF Book on Bio Psych (July

8&9)
Topic 5 Learning, Memory and Amnesia
1. Where are memories stored?
Hippocampus
2. Five Brain areas implicated in Memory
Inferotemporal Cortex
Amygdala
Prefrontal Cortex
Cerebellum
Striatum
3. Amnesia
4. Synaptic Mechanisms of Learning & Memory
Long term Potentiation (strentghening synaptic connections)

Topic 6 Biological Psychology of Motivation

1. Hunger, Eating & Health
• Theories on Hunger and Eating
Set Point Assumption-
Describe the set-point assumption, and describe the
glucostatic and lipostatic set-point theories of hunger and eating.
also, outline three problems with set-point theories of hunger and
eating.

Glucostatic Theory- Designed to maintain blood glucose set point. The

idea that we become hungry when our blood glucose levels drop
significantly.

Lipostatic Theory- Every person has a set point for body fat. This theory
is treated as complementary to the Glucostatic theory and means that the
body has a two-set points

• Factors that Determine What, When, How Much We Eat

WHAT
Learned Taste Preferences and Aversions
Learning to Eat Vitamins and Minerals

WHEN
Premeal Hunger -compelling support for the two-set point theory
Pavlovian Conditioning of Hunger

HOW MUCH
Satiety- “Sate”
Satiety Signals-food in the gut and glucose entering the blood can induce
satiety signals.
 Nutritive density- (calories per unit volume)signals depend on both volume
and this of the food.
Sham Eating- indicates that Satiety signals from the gut and blood are
not necessary to terminate a meal. In the experiment, the food is swallowed and
chewed by the subjects but rather than passing through the esophagus and
stomach, it passes out of the body through an implanted tube. It adds NO
ENERDY to the body.

Appetizer Effect and Satiety- Small amounts of food before the meal is
consumed actually increases hunger “Appetizer effect”

Serving size and Satiety-The larger the servings, the more we tend to
eat.

Social Influences and Satiety- People consume more when eating with
others.

Sensory -Specific Satiety- Encourages animals that has access to varies

of food to eat a lot.
NO Sensory specific Satiety-a person would tend to eat their
preferred food and nothing else.

• Physiology of Hunger
• Eating Disorders
2. Hormones and Sex
2.1 The Neuro-endocrine System
• Hormones and Sexual Development
• Sexual Development of Brain
• Neural Mechanisms of Sexual Behavior
• Sexual Orientation and Sexual Identity
2.2 Sleep, Dreaming, Circadian Rhythm
 Why and When Do People Sleep
 Stages of Sleep
 Effects of Sleep deprivation
 Circadian Sleep Cycles
 Drugs that Affect Sleep
 Sleep Disorders
3. Drug Use, Drug Addiction, and the Brain’s Reward Circuit
• Basic Principles of Drug Action
 Role of Learning in Drug Tolerance
• Five Commonly Used Drugs
• Comparison of the hazards of 5 Commonly Used Drugs