ADULT EDUCATION: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Early formal adult education activities focused (1) _______ single needs such as reading and
writing. Many early programs were (2) _______ by churches to teach people to read the
Bible. When the original purpose was (3) _______, programs were often adjusted to meet
more general educational needs of the (4) _______. Libraries, lecture series, and discussion
societies began in various countries during the (5) _______. As more people experienced the
benefits of (6) _______, they began to participate increasingly in social, political, and
occupational (7) _______. By the 19th century, adult education was developing as a formal,
organized movement in the (8) _______ world.

The largest early program in the U.S., the Lyceum, (9) _______ (1826) in Massachusetts by
Josiah Holbrook, was a local (10) _______ of men and women with some schooling who
wanted to expand their own education (11) _______ working to establish a public school
system. The Lyceum (12) _______ encouraged the development of other adult education
institutions (13) _______ libraries, evening schools, and gifted lecture series. By mid-
century, employers and philanthropists began to endow (14) _______ such as the Cooper
Union for the Advancement of Science and Art (1859) in New York City (15) _______ the
Peabody Institute (1857) in Baltimore, Maryland, for adult education. Large audiences were
(16) _______ to the Chautauqua movement, which began (1874) in New York State (17)
_______ a summer training program for Sunday school teachers and evolved into a traveling
lecture series and (18) _______ school. Chautauqua was the prototype of institutions
established to further (19) _______ education in the U.S. By 1876, universities started
offering extension programs that (20) _______ education directly to the public…

New vocabulary:

– philanthropist (n.): người yêu nước, người nhân đức

– to endow (v.): phú cho: cúng vốn cho (1 tổ chức,…)

– advancement (n.): progress, development

– prototype (n.): example, sample

1/A. in        B. on C. by D. for

2/A. started  B. begun    C. made      D. done

3/A. interested       B. fascinated         C. satisfied  D. amused

4/A. people B. country   C. community       D. population

5/A. 18th century  B. 19th century     C. 20th century     D. 21st century

6/A. schooling      B. learning  C. education         D. teaching

7/A. deeds   B. things     C. activities D. societies

8/A. Eastern B. Western  C. Southern D. Northern

9/A. created B. built        C. held        D. founded

10/A. relationship B. friendship         C. governorship    D. scholarship

11/A. after   B. before     C. while      D. when

12/A. movement   B. motion    C. action     D. refreshment

13/A. like    B. such as    C. such        D. as

14/A. schools        B. centers    C. institutions       D. offices

15/A. and    B. but          C. or  D. so

16/A. interested     B. excited    C. fascinated         D. attracted

17/A. such  B. as  C. like         D. for

18/A. spring          B. summer  C. autumn   D. winter

19/A. common     B. important         C. main       D. popular

20/A. sent   B. gave        C. brought   D. threw

II/Read the passage below carefully, and then choose the best answer:

Background, in relation to computers, on the screen, the color on which characters are
displayed. (1) _______, a white background may be used for black characters. In a
windowing environment in which more than one program or document can be available to the
user, open but currently inactive (2) _______ are said to be in the background.

In the context of operating systems and program execution, background refers to a process, or
task, assigned a lower priority in the microprocessor’s share of time to tasks other than the
task running in the (3) _______. A background process thus often performs its work, such as
printing or checking for arriving messages on an electronic mail network, invisibly unless the
user requests an update or brings the task to the foreground. (4) _______, only multitasking
operating systems are able to support background processing. However, some operating
systems that do not support multitasking may be able to perform one or more types of
background tasks. For example, in the Apple Macintosh operating system running in Single-
Launch Mode (with multitasking (5) _______), the Background Printing option can be used
to print documents while the user is doing other work.

New vocabulary:

– priority (n.): sự ưu tiên

– microprocessor (n.): mạch vi xử lý

– foreground (n.): cảnh gần, cận cảnh

1/A. For sure        B. In fact     C. For example     D. In general

2/A. windows       B. systems   C. tasks       D. characters

3/A. background   B. foreground       C. computer D. program

4/A. Really  B. Similarly C. Generally          D. Hopefully

5/A. turned on      B. turned off         C. turned down     D. turned up

6/What is a separate area on a computer screen which shows information and which you can
move around?

A.window   B. background      C. foreground       D. environment

7/Where can one program or document be available to the user?

A.On the screen              B. In a windowing environment

C.In the foreground        D. On an electronic mail network

8/What often performs work, such as printing or checking for arriving messages on an
electronic mail network?

A.Program execution      B. Foreground processing

C.Microprocessor  D. A background process

9/Which word in the reading means “kinds”?

A.documents        B. systems   C. tasks       D. types

10/What is the reading about?

A.work       B. time        C. computer D. windows

III/Read the passage below carefully, and then choose the best answer:

MANY KINDS OF MICROBES

There are thousands of different kinds of microbes. Microbes called (1) _______ are the
smallest living things. Bacteria live almost everywhere: on land, in water, and even (2)
_______ you.

Some microscopic life forms are like plants. Tiny diatoms are microbes that live in lakes and
the ocean. Diatoms soak up (3) _______ and use its energy to make food, just like plants.

Some microscopic life forms are more (4) _______ animals. Protozoa such as the amoeba
and paramecium are animal-like microorganisms. An amoeba can move (5) _______
changing the shape of its body. It sticks out a pseudo pod, or false foot. A paramecium is (6)
_______ with tiny hairs. It waves its hairs rapidly to swim.

Viruses are (7) _______ kind of microbe. Viruses sometimes act like living things and other
times act like nonliving things. Viruses sometimes live in the cells of plants and animals. (8)
_______ a cell, a virus reproduces like a living thing. The virus uses the cell to make many
copies of itself. Viruses are (9) _______ small to see with an ordinary microscope. You need
a powerful electron microscope to see a virus. Outside of a plant or animal cell, a (10)
_______ is like a nonliving thing.

New vocabulary:

– microbe (n.): vi trùng, vi khuẩn

– microscopic (adj.): thuộc kính hiển vi; rất nhỏ

– diatom (n.): (thực vật học) tảo cát

– protozoa (n.): ngành động vật nguyên sinh

– amoeba (n.): Amip

1/A. animals         B. bacteria   C. plants      D. viruses

2/A. in        B. out          C. outside    D. inside

3/A. sunlight         B. water      C. air D. lightning

4/A. as        B. same       C. like         D. similar

5/A. by        B. after        C. before     D. during

6/A. made   B. done       C. filled       D. covered

7/A. other    B. one another      C. another   D. each other

8/A. Outside         B. Inside     C. Beside    D. Near

9/A. very     B. so  C. too          D. almost

10/A. cell    B. plant       C. diatom    D. virus