Sulfonamides or known as the sulfa drugs

- Inhibits folic acid synthesis.

- First Antibacterial agent (AMAs)
- Introduced in 1935 by Gerhard Domagk (1895–1964)

Commonly prescribed sulfonamides include:

 Sulfadiazine (generic)
 Sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin)
 Sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)
 Contrimoxazole (Septra, Bactrim)
.
Therapeutic Actions

Folic Acid - synthesized by bacteria from the substrate, para-amino-

benzoic acid (PABA), and cell growth
Sulfonamides - competitively inhibit the union of PABA with
pteridine

Targets:
 Gram-positive Aerobes ( S. Pyogenes, Pneumococcus, Nocardia)
 Gram-negative Aerobes ( E. Coli, Salmonella, Chlamydia
Trachomatis)
 No Activity Against Pseudomonas
 No Activity against Anaerobes

Indications
 Used to treat bacterial and some fungal infections.
 Urinary tract infections (UTIs) and STD
 Bronchitis
 Bacterial meningitis
 Pneumonia,
 Severe burns
 Trachoma and other conditions.

 vestibular ototoxicity (nausea, vomiting, and vertigo);

Pharmacokinetics:
- Not absorbed from the GI tract. Rapidly absorbed (IM).

-Rapidly distributed into most body tissues and fluids except the brain.

-Excreted via urine, approx 30-90% as unchanged drug.

The two are ANTITUBERCULOSIS AGENT