URINARY TRACT

INFECTION
Definition
What are Urinary Tract
Infections?
What is UTI?

- Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is an

infection from microbes
- Usually caused by bacteria, rare cases are
caused by viruses and fungi
- One of the most common infections in
humans
- Most UTIs involve the urethra and bladder
(lower tract)
- Severe cases involve upper tract
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What is UTI?

Infection in any part of the urinary system

such as the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the
urethra (Mayo Clinic). Urinary tract
infections typically occur when bacteria enter
the urinary tract through the urethra and
begin to multiply in the bladder.

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 URINARY TRACT
Retrieved from: https://www.healthline.com/health/urinary-tract-infection-adults
 2013 STATISTICS
Retrieved from: https://www.doh.gov.ph/node/6390
Statistics

- Part of the top 5 leading cause of

morbidity in the Philippines with a total of
276,442 cases
- Mostly female

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 What are the 4 main
components of the urinary
system?

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 TRUE OR FALSE

UTI is usually caused by

viruses and fungi, in rare cases,
bacteria

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Causes and
Symptoms
What causes Urinary Tract
Infections and what are the
symptoms?
Causes of Urinary Tract Infections (acute pyelonephritis)

One of the main causes of UTIs: WEAKENED IMMUNE SYSTEM

Weakened immune system can be caused by:

■ Stress
■ Lack of sleep
■ EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL
■ POOR DIET

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Causes of Urinary Tract Infections (acute pyelonephritis)

“A study published in the American Journal of Clinical

Nutrition found that the ability of white blood cells to kill
bacteria is significantly hampered for up to 5 hours after
eating 100 gm of sugar (equivalent to three cans of
sweetened soft drink”

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 Causes of Urinary Tract Infections (acute pyelonephritis)

UTIs typically occur when bacteria enter the

urinary tract through the urethra and begin to
multiply in the bladder.

● Infection of the bladder (cystitis) -

caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), a
type of bacteria commonly found in the
gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However,
sometimes other bacteria are responsible.
● Sexual intercourse may lead to cystitis,
but you don't have to be sexually
13 active
to develop it.
Causes of Urinary Tract Infections (acute pyelonephritis)

“Women are more at risk of developing

cystitis”

This is due to:

- Shorter distance from the urethra to the
anus and the urethral opening to the
bladder

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Causes of Urinary Tract Infections (acute pyelonephritis)

■ Infection of the urethra (urethritis) - can

occur when bacteria spread from the anus to the
urethra.
■ Female urethra is close to the vagina, sexually
transmitted infections can cause urethritis

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CLINICAL AND LABORATORY PROFILE
OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION
AMONG CHILDREN AT THE
OUTPATIENT CLINIC OF A TERTIARY
HOSPITAL

By: April Gamier Bay, MD &

Francisco Anacleto, Jr. MD.
UPCM - PGH
Symptoms

- Fever (63.6%) most common for all age

groups
- Abdominal pain (57%)
- Vomiting (35.9%)
- Dysuria (30.7%)
- Age group: 0-3 months: diarrhea,
irritability, staining
- Age group: 4-12 months: fever, vomiting,
irritability
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 Symptoms

UPPER TRACT UTI LOWER TRACT UTI

- Pain and tenderness in the - Burning with urination
upper back and sides - Increased frequency of
- Chills urination with small
- Fever amount of urine
- Nausea - Bloody, cloudy urine
- vomiting - Urine with strong odor
- Pelvic pain in women,
rectal pain in men

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Give 3 symptoms of lower tract
UTI and 3 symptoms of upper
tract UTI

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Prevention

How to prevent UTIs?

How do you prevent UTI?

- Proper wiping
- Good hygiene
- Proper hydration
- Abstinence
- Sexual intercourse
- Caffeine
- alcohol
- Sanitary pads & menstrual cups
- Cotton underwear
- Cranberry extracts?
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How do you treat UTI?

- Heating pad*
- Antibiotics
- Hydration
- Vaginal estrogen therapy

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How do you treat UTI?

Foods you should avoid when treating UTIs:

■ Artificial sweeteners
■ Caffeine and other energy drinks
■ Spicy foods
■ Citrus fruits like lemons, and other acidic
foods

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How do you treat UTI?

Foods you should consume when treating

UTIs:

■ Water
■ Cranberry Juice
■ Yogurt and other probiotics products
■ Greens

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References

■ https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/urinary-tract-
infection/symptoms-causes/syc-
20353447?fbclid=IwAR2NHS8D27qzKZzv-
c9OuJff5wXBWb897JKKxEGGxlL1kkeMIXHdfSIThrw
■ https://www.webmd.com/women/guide/your-guide-urinary-tract-
infections#1
■ https://www.rediff.com/getahead/slide-show/slide-show-1-health-11-things-
that-weaken-immune-system/20110104.htm#3
■ https://blog.thatcleanlife.com/is-junk-food-sabotaging-your-immune-
system/
■ https://globalnews.ca/news/3906036/urinary-tract-infection-food/
■ https://www.everydayhealth.com/urinary-tract-infections-pictures/foods-
and-drinks-that-may-irritate-your-bladder-1028.aspx#04
■ https://uqora.com/blogs/news/the-uti-diet-what-to-avoid-when-you-have-a-
uti-and-what-to-eat-to-help-prevent-utis
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