Respectable - maintains a professional and caring
First Aid attitude
If an emergency occurs in the school environment,
in your respective home or open space, being a
vulnerable observer to any emergency scenario can
worsen the circumstance. This is the very reason
and a significant thing that people should have at
any rate a piece of essential information on first aid.
FIRST AID
preceding all others in to provide with what is
time or order. useful or necessary.
FIRST AID
is an immediate care given to a person who has
been injured or suddenly taken-ill. It includes self-
help and home care if medical assistance is not
available or delayed.
GOALS OF FIRST AID
Alleviate Suffering - one of the main objectives is
to be able to help to reduce or totally alleviate
suffering
Prevent Further Injury or Danger - also
sometimes called prevent the condition from
worsening, or danger of further injury
Prolong Life - first aid measures aim to preserve
and sustain life. Also, to save the victim from
imminent danger.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD FIRST
AIDER
Gentle - first aider should not cause, inflict pain as
much as possible
Resourceful - makes the best use of things at hand
Observant - should notice all signs; aware of what
is happening and what may happen.
Tactful - handling the victim with utmost care and
in a calm manner
Emphatic (empathetic) - should be comforting
GETTING STARTED
Initial Response (Sequence of Actions)
A - ask for help
I - intervene; give appropriate interventions
D - do no further harm
INJURIES AND TREATMENTS
SPRAIN - results from overstretching or tearing a
ligament (fibrous tissue that connects bones), a tendon
(tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone) or a muscle
STRAIN - occurs when a muscle or tendon is
overstretched or overexerted
***The difference between a sprain and a strain is that a
sprain injures the bands of tissue that connect two bones
together, while a strain involves an injury to a muscle or
to the band of tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone.
General Treatment:
RICE Method
 Rest - the injured part of the body
 Ice - apply ice packs or cold compresses for up
to 10 or 15 minutes at a time every few hours for
the first 2 days to prevent swelling
 Compression - wearing an elastic compression
bandage for at least 2 days will reduce swelling
 Elevation - keep the injured part elevated
above the level of the heart to reduce swelling
Treatment for Sprain:
 Loosen the footwear and immobilize the ankle
 Apply RICE principle
 The victim's physician may recommend an over
the counter anti-inflammatory medication
(aspirin, ibuprofen) appropriate for the victim's
general health.
  Give analgesic such as acetamenophen or
ibuprofen.
 Do not apply heat in any form for at least 24
hours (heat increases swelling and pain).
Treatment for Strain:
 Apply RICE principle
 Do not apply heat during the first two days
 Use paracetamol for the first day of injury to
reduce pain without increasing bleeding
 Apply arnica oil to reduce swelling
 After 48 hours, start moving the affected limb
gently
 Gradually increase the range of movement - let
the pain be your guide
FRACTURE is a break in the bone that can occur from
either a quick, one-time injury to the bone (acute
fracture) or from repeated stress to the bone over time
(stress fracture). It has two types: simple or closed and
compound or open fracture.
Treatment for Fracture:
 Immobilize the affected area
 Keep the limb in the position you found it and
place soft padding around the broken bones.
Splint the injury with something rigid, such as
rolled up newspaper er magazines, to prevent the
bones from
 shifting.
 If there is an open fracture, cover it with a clean
gauze pad. Apply pressure to control bleeding
 Get medical attention immediately. Fractures of
the femur and pelvis may cause severe internal
bleeding
 Don't give the person anything to eat or drink in
case surgery is needed.
MUSCLE CRAMPS is a strong, painful contraction
or tightening of a muscle that comes on suddenly and
lasts from a few seconds to several minutes.
Treatment for Muscle Cramps:
 Stretch and massage. Stretch the cramped
muscle and gently rub it to help it relax. For a
calf cramp, put your weight on your cramped leg
and bend your knee slightly. If you're unable to
stand, sit on the floor or in a chair with your
affected leg extended.
 Try pulling the top of your foot on the affected
side toward your head while your leg remains in
a straightened position. This will also help ease
a back thigh (hamstring) cramp. For a front
thigh (quadriceps) cramp, use a chair to steady
yourself and try pulling your foot on the affected
side up toward your buttock.
 Use a warm towel or heating pad on tense or
tight muscles. Taking a warm bath or directing
the stream of a hot shower onto the cramped
muscle also can help. Alternatively, massaging
the cramped muscle with ice may relieve pain.
 Give conscious victim water or drinks with
electrolytes and carbohydrates as much as he/she
wants.
HEAT EXHAUSTION is a response to heat
characterized by fatigue, weakness, and collapse due to
inadequate intake of water to compensate for loss of
fluids during sweating.
Treatment for Heat Exhaustion:
 Have the victim lie down with his/her feet
elevated in a cool place
 Keep the victim cool
 Remove excessive clothing and loosen tight
clothing at the neck and waist
 Give the victim electrolyte beverages to sip or
make a salted drink if the victim is conscious
 Monitor the victim for signs of shock
 If the victim starts having seizures, protect
him/her from injury and give first aid for
convulsions
 If the victim loses consciousness, give first aid
for unconsciousness.