CONTENTS i | as _ Percentages 2.~Profit & Loss 3. Ratio and Proportion 4, Partnerships 5, Problems on Ages Averages” 9. Time and Distance 10. Trains 11. Streams 12. Chain Rule 13. Time and Work 14, aréas 8, 3, 15. Volumes and Surface Areas baie 1-10 11-20 21-27 ‘ip28-31 32-35 36-38 39-44 45-51 52-57 58-62 ma 63-65 66-68 69-74 75-80 81-85 z Dien | “4PERCENTAGES INTRODUCTION Percent means the result for every hundred. The symbol % can be replaced by a fraction whose denominator is 100, 1. Ravi got 60% of marks in English exam out of 60 90 means, he scored 00 = 84 marks Percentage can be expressed either in the form of a fraction or in the form of a decimal as follows: 4100 = so% 1 2 tl aoo= 1244 8 8 2 0.6 =0.6x 100 = 60% Sol b) ¢ Sol: au 3° 100 6 b) Sol : A fraction or a decimal can be converted into a percentage as follows a) x is-what % of y ~x100 y Ne tS) Ex: 1) a) 28 is what percentage of 112? it r ipa What (re 1 5qpst00= 40% if ‘m Is what percentage of 7 km ? ian «100 14m Tkm 000 100 = 0.2% Ex:2) 80% of 70 + 40% of 90=7 80 40 ——x70 |+| —x90| = ba (a } (ine ) 0-36-50 25% of 96 + 75% of 48 =? i 3 =x96 |+|—x48 | 94 962 ( HG 2 36 = 60 30 percent of a number is 120. What is 40% of the number ? Ex:3) 30-12) += 400 100 40 *. 40% of x= 755 %400=160PERCENTAGE] 20% of anumber is 60. What is 15% of the ‘Same number ? if a quantity is increased, the 20x the percentage of increase Sol: 55 00 x=300 increase 00 > Initial value © 15 ". 18% of x= 7° x300= 45 Similarly, if a quantity is decreased, then th Ex: 4) 32% ofa number exceeds 12% of the same Percentage of decrease by 80. What is the number ? Sol 32% of x - 12% of x = 80 decrease = «100 ~~ initial value 20 = 20% of x= 80 = jo07 8° Ex: 10) The price of a book is increased from 300 to Rs. 312. What is the percentage increase in its price 2 “. X= 400 If a number increases by becomes 110% of itself. y 10% of it, it Similarly, ita number decreases by 10% of it, it becomes 90% of itself. x: 5) A number when increases by 20% of It, gives 84, What is the number ? 120 # %e Of Kk =B4 =» ——x my Ol: x+20% ofx =84 =» 100 di i 40 ‘ % = —x100 = 20% So : Decrease % 200 =70 <:6) A number when decreasediby 12% of it, gives 440. What is the;number ? Ex: 12) The weight of a bag is 60 kg. But in hurry it is measured as 61.8 kg. What the percentage of error in measuring weight ? 88 E it a: 12% of x= 440 => aig =440 Sol Error (increase) percentage = 18 100=3% 60 *. X= 500 27 If 30% of a number, is added to 84, the result is the number itself. What is the number ? 30% of x + 84 =x Ex: 13) In a school of 400 students 48% of t students failed in the exam. What is t number of students passed the exam ? Sol: 48% of students failed 70 X- 30% of x= 84 => — x =84 = 52% of the students passed the exam 100 52 fo =—~400 52% of 400 100 = 208 students passed the exam:Ex: 14) od, 10% on house rent, 8% on insportation, 15% on children education, 9% on clothing, 10% on other expenses and saves Rs. 1,400 per month. What is his salary ? Let his salary be ‘x! Total Expenditure is is Ramesh spends 28% of his. salary on ft Sol 284+104+8+15+9+10=80% +. Savings = 20% of x = 1,400 0 => 70 xx=1,400 100” “, *=Rs. 7,000 Ex: 15) A student has to get 38% of marks to pass the examination. Kiran got 81 marks and failed by 14 marks. What is the maximum mark? Sol: Letthe maximum mark be 'x’ 38% of (x) = (81 + 14) 38 = 95 fo Of (x) = (B1 + ) = 00 X= 250 is the maximum mai oT =x: 16) Ina school of 600 students, 40% aregiris, 30% of the boys ai oft the exam. What; the students in the school passed the exam’? th li % = ——x600=240 gi 40% of 600 = 7 a girls . Number of boys = 600 ~ 240 = 360 Number of boys failed the exam 30 = ~~ x360=108 100“ ~, Number of girls failed the exam 50 =~ 240 = 121 199 *240=120 «. Total number of students passed 600 ~ (108 + 120) =372 Percentage of students passed 322 100 =62% 600 Ex: 17) In an election, two candidates contested. A candidate got 38% of the votes polled and lost to his rival by 3600 votes. Find the total number of votes polled 7 Sol: Let the total number of votes be x The votes polled for the defeated candidate 38 =o 100 SHORT - CUT METHOD Let the total number of votes polled be 100. The defeated candidate got 38 votes = The winning candidate got 62 votes The difference = 62-38 = 24 ithe difference is 24 —» Total number of votes is 100 ifthe difference is 3600 — Total No. of votes = ? 3600 24 x100= 15,000 18.60 litres of a mixture of milk and water contains 35% of water. If 10 litres of milk is added, what will be the percentage of water In the resultant mixture 2 35 Sol: Quantity of water = 700" =21 fitresSol : Sol: Sol: Percentage of water in the final mixture 21 = x100= 30% (60+10) The value of a box increases by 20% annually. If its present value is Rs. 800, what will be its value after 2 years ? The value after 2 years will be 1201 20 = 800x——x— = 100 “100 ~ MS 1182 Ex: 20) The value of a building decreases by 10% annually. If its value is Rs. 2,00,000, what will be Its value 3 years hence ? After 3 years, its value will be 20 90 x20 100 100 100 = Rs. 1,45,800 = 2,00,000 x ——— Ex: 21) Ina factory, 20% of cars are blue, 40% of the remaining are red, 66% of the) remaining are white and the remainis 1 are green in colour, What is the total number of cars in the factory (Hint: pgs | (100—a)%} ‘5 ~ Let be the total humberof cars Wena so, 60, Sey, xx 80, Oy SOFT 02 100" 100" 100 625 FORMULA Ifa>b,ais more than b by [2200] Ifa % of decrease 105 FORMULA 40% there by its sales is increased by 20 what is the percentage change in ti turnover for the shopkeeper ? a=-10% and b= 20% Net change in the turnover the shop keep 10x20 =8% “10 inérease 10+20-42 is what percentage of 1687 1)20% 2)25% — 3)30% 4) 40% 36 is what percentage of 80? 1)65% © 2)55% © 3)45% 4) 35% What percentage of 175is 91? 1)102% 2)52% 3)68% 4) 72% 60 Ps. is what percentage of Rs. 24? 1)5/2% 2)3/2% 3)8/9% 4)20% 16 mis what percentage of 8 km ? 1)13% 2)14% —3)2%- 4) None 25% of 96 + 75% of 48 = 2% of 80 190-2980 3)60 4) 75~ 70 percent of a number Is 140. What is 68% of the number 7 1156 2) 136 3)176 = 4) 196 30% of a number is 180. What is 15% of three times of thesamenumber? > 1)160 -2)80 3)280 4) 270° 39% of a number exceeds 19% of the same by 48. Whatis the number ? 1)180 2)260 _..a)240 i ‘A number whenjincreased by 30% gives 78. What is the r a 166 -2)60.- 4) 90 Anumber when decreased by 14% of it, gives 215. What is the number ? 1)270 2)275 = 3)250/ 4) 240 40% of a number, when added to 42, results in the number itself. What is the number ? 160 © 2)707 —-3)80 ~ 4).90 24% ofa number, when subtracted from 74,4, gives the number itself. Whatis the number ? 1)70 | .2)65 = 3)60— 4) 80 Ina fraction, the numerator is decreased by 25% and the denominator is increased by 20%, then the value of the fraction becomes 15/16. Find the original fraction ? 1)34 29/2 9)3/5 4) 3/9 20. 21. The price of a pen is increased from Rs. 80 to Rs. 96. Whatiis the percentage of increase in its price ? 1)40% 2)20%” 3)60% 4) 70% The number of students in a school decreased to 220 from 250. What is the percentage of decrease in the number of students ? 1) 10% — 2)11% 3) 12% 4) 13% The weight of a box is 40 kg. Butina hurry it is measured as 41.8 kg. What is the percentage of error in measuring its weight 2 1)4% 2) 4.5%" -3)5% 4) 8% Ravispends.82% of his salary. What is his savin Hf lary is Rs. 12,000? pt) Rs. 1960) 2)Rs.2160 ~ 4) Rs. 2040 3)Rs. 1940 Jn a school of 900 students 19% of the “students failed in an exam. What is the number of students passed the exam ? 1)726 © -2)729 38214) 741 Manoj spends 30% of his salary on food, 10% on house rent, 8% on transportation, 15% on children education, 9% on clothing, 10% towards other expenses and saves Rs. 2160 per month. Whatis his salary ? 1) Rs. 12,500 2)Rs. 12,000“ 3) Rs. 36,000 4) Rs. 15,000 Ravi scored 82% of marks in Paper A out of 50 and 48% of marks in Paper B out of 75. What is the percentage of marks he scored in two papers? 1) 60.8% 2)61.9% 3)61.6%" 4) 61.8% A student has to get 40% of marks to pass an examination. Kiran got 89 marks and failed by 31 marks. What is the maximum mark? 1)200 3)600 2)300— 4)28023. 24, 26. 28. 29, In an examination Raju got 37% of total marks and failed by 39, while Kiran got 73% of total marks got 69 marks more than the necessary to pass the exam. What is the percentage of marks required to pass the examination ? 1)40% 2)50%“ 3)60% 4)45% Ina school of 300 students, 40% are girls. 30% of the boys and 50% of the girls failed in an exam. What % of the students in the school passed the exam ? 4) 620 2)36% 3) 61% Two candidates contested in an election. Acandidate got 34% of the votes polled and lost to his rival by 5120 votes. Find the total number of votes polled. 1) 12,000 2) 14,000 3) 16,000 4) 15,000 In an election between two candidates, 20% of the votes polled are invalid. A candidate got 60% of the valid votes and won by a majority of 6400 votes. What is the total number of votes polled ? 1)54,000 2)32,000 3) 40,0004 4) 48,000") 80 litres of a mixture of mil contains 35% of water. If 4 Itt added, what will be the percen in the resultant mixtute? a 1) 20% 1) 39% of milk is of water 1 3) 335% The price of a box inereases by 20% annually. If its present price is Rs. 700, what will be its price after 2 years ? 1) Rs. 1006 2) Rs. 1112 3) Rs. 1009 4) Rs. 1008 The value of a machine decreases by 10% annually. If its value is Rs. 1,20,000, what will be its value 3 years hence ? 1) Rs. 86,000 2) Rs. 87,460 \ and water |) 3) Rs. 87,480 4) Rs. 81,640 1 | aire 4) 16% 30. The number of employees in an office increased by 10% and by 20% in t successive years. If the present strength: the office is 792. What was the number employees in that office two years ago ? 1) 700 2)600 3) 650 31. Ina factory, 20% of bicycles are blue, 4 of the remaining are red, 66% of t remaining are white and the remaining 1 are green in colour. What's the total num! 4)480 of bicycles in the factory 2 1)400 2)600 3) 625 4)675 32. If Ais more than B by 20%, by what % B less than A? 2 2) 16> Dees » 4) 18% 33,,(flia school, the number of boys is less © that of girls by 20%. By what percentage “| 9, number of girls is more than that of boy iy20% 2) 25% 3) 40% 4) 60% 34. X is more than Y by 20% andZ is less Y by 20%. By what percentage X is thanZ? 1) 60% 2) 40% 3)50%% 4) 30% 35. A and Bare less than C by 30% and respectively. By what percentage A is than B? 1) 10% 2)11.5% 3) 12.5% 4) 16.5% 36. The price of onion is increased by 10%, what percentage the consumption of oni be reduced so that the expenditure on account remains same ? 1 1) 10% aoeLs ee 37. 39, The price of a mobile phone is decreased by 30% there by its sales Is increased by 40%. What Is the percentage of change in the turnover for the shopkeeper ? 1)10%Decrease 2) 2% Decrease 3)20%Decredse 4) 10% Increase The side of a square is increased by 10%. What Is the percentage of increase in its area ? 4) 20% 2) 21% 3)27% 4) 28% In a class 44% of the students passed English 70% of the students passed Telugu and 21% of the students passed ‘both the subjects. What is the percentage of the * students failed in both the subjects ? 1) 6% 2)8% 3) 7% 4) 11% 40. In a college 30% of students are Arts graduates, 40% of the rest are Commerce graduates, 50% of the remaining are Science graduates and the remaining 210 are Management graduates. What is the total number of students in the college ? 1)960 _2)1000 3) 10804) 1240 1)2 2)3 3)2 41 5)4 64 72 8)4 93 102 13 122 13)3 142 18)2 16)3 17)2 418)2 = 19)2-20)2 213 _22)2 | 23)2 24)4 —25)3 26)3 )s 29)3 -30)2 34)3-35)3 39)3 40)2 Ifixis 70% of 90 and if 120 is what is the value of (y — x) ? 1/18 aye 3)16 11 |e Adding 6% of x tox iseguerto multiplying xby 1) 1.9 21.8 3) 1.08 4) 1.06 Subtracting 60% of x from x, is equal to dividing x by 1)0.2 2)25 31 417.5 70 percent of a number is 110. What is 105 percent of the same number ? 1) 160 2) 185 3) 165 4) 205 0.08 percent of a number is 36. Whatis 1.6 percent of the same number ? 1)72 0 a)24 3)760 4) 720 54% of a number exceeds 36% of the same by 54. What is the number ? 1)300 2)450 3)400 4)500 30% of anumber when added to 63, results in the number itself. What is the number ? 1)60 2)45 3)90 _ 440 Mr Rao saves 13% of his salary. What is his salary if his expenditure is Rs. 5220 ? 1) Rs. 6,500 2) Rs. 6,000 3) Rs. 5,500 4) Rs. 5,000 Praveen spends 10% of his income for clothing, 30% for food, 12% for children education, 7% for house rent, 11% for transportation and saves Rs. 1200 per month, Whats his monthly salary? 1) Rs. 5,000 2)Rs. 4,000 3) Rs. 5,500 4) Rs. 6,00014. 15. 20 litres of a mixture of milk and water contains 40% water. When 5 litres of milk is added, what will be the percentage of milk in the mixture ? 1)25 3)68 30 litres ofa salt solution contains 9% salt. When 3 litres of water is evaporated, what is the percentage of salt in the final solution ? 2)8 4)10 2)60 4)75 1)6 aie Prasanth scored 64% of marks in Paper A out of 50 and 36% of marks in Paper B out of 75. What % of marks did'he get in two papers ? 1)47 3)47.2 2)48.2 4) 100 A student has to get 40% of the marks to pass the exam. Ramu got 51 marks and failed by 25 marks. ‘What is the maximum: mark? 4)210 3) 180 A student has to get the exam. Lalitha got 220 and got 11 more than the necessary a s. What is the maximum mark of th ? 1) 450 2) 550 3) 500 4)600 Kalyan got 60% of marks and got 40 more than the necessary to pass. Ram got30% of marks and failed by 20. Whats the minimum mark required to pass the exam ? 1)90 2) 100 3)80 4) 120 In a gathering of 80 members, 20% are females, 25% of the males and 50% of the females did not attend the meeting. What % of the members had attended the meeting ? 2)80 3)70 4)65 , Of marks to pass 1)60 47. _Theincome of Rafi is decreased to Rs. 3; from Rs. 3,600. What is the percentag\ decrease in his income ? I % 10—% 1) 40% 2) 10 1 1 =% 11-% alls ait, After the decrease in the side of a squi by 6 units, it becomes 12 units. Whatis' percentage of decrease in its side ? 1) 8% 2) 20% 1 3)60% 4) 335% 49. If A is more than B by 20%, by wh percentage B is fess than A? ‘The price of a toy is increased by 30%. order to restore the original price, thenew pri must be decreased by what percentage ? 1 % B—% 1):30% 35 1 1 bie 4) 20-~% ee ee 21. The price of sugar is increased by 10%. order to keep the expenditure as const the consumption of sugar must be redu' by what percentage ? 1) 10% 2) 9% I 9—% Mea 22. The production of a mill is reduced by in a year. In order to reach the orig production, the production in the next) must be increased by what %? 1 10—% » 1 L 1 fo Yo 1% 4) 1— 1) 1% 2)10% 3) log yo28. 29, If itis Rs. 80,000/- now, what will be its value two years hence ? 1) Rs. 8,40,000 2) Rs. 1,15,200 3) Rs. 1,04,000 4) Rs. 2,00,000 The salary of Mr. Rakesh is increased by 10% and 20% in two successive years. If it is Rs, 15,840 this year, what was his salary two years ago ? 1) Rs. 10,000 2) Rs. 12,500 3) Rs. 11,000 4) Rs, 12,000 In a college 15% of the students are Arts students, 20% of the rest are Science students, 40% of the remaining are Commerce students and the remaining 408 are the students of Technical Courses. What is the total number of students in the college ? 1)800 2)963 3)1000 = 4) 1200 The price of a.V. is reduced by 10%, as a result its sales gets increased by 10%. What, is the percentage of change in the turnover of the shop-keeper ? 1)No change 3) 1% increase The price of a DVD. 2) 1% decrea 8% and thereby the sales Is reduced by 2%. Whatis the percentage e jordecrease in the turnover of the shi ? 1)5.6%increase 2) 6% increase 3) 5.84% increase 4) 6.24 % decrease A and B are two numbers which are less than C by 20% and 40% respectively. By what percentage Ais more than B? 1 1) 20% 50 3)40% 4) 18% 73% of students in a college selected Hindi, 45% of students selected Maths. If each student selects either Hindi or Maths or both, how many students opted both if there are 500 students in all ? 1) 64 2)70 3)90 4)84 30. 39% of employees in an office owna scooter, 79% of the employees own a car. If the ‘employeesin that office own either a scooter ora car or both, what is the % of employees ‘owning both scooter and car? 1) 28% 2) 18% 3) 17.6% 4) 20% 31. 70% of students in a schoo! passed English exam. 42% of the students passed Hindi exam. If 18% of the students passed both the subjects, what is the % of the students failed in both the exams? 1)8% 2) 6% 3)12% 4) 10% 32. 76% of stu lege passed English |, 64% d in practical exam. If 24% students passed the both, what is the % ts failed in both the subjects ? 2)14% 3)12% 33. The income tax rate is reduced from 15% to 4) 4% 125% . What difference does it make for an ‘employee of whose taxable incomeis Rs. 9800? (2007) 1) Rs. 245 2) Rs. 250 3) Rs. 205 4) Rs. 650 34, The salary of a person was first increased by 10% and later the same was reduced by 10%. Whatisthenetchange? (2005) 1) 1% decrease 2) 1% increase 4) NIL 35. A candidate secured 60% of votes and elected by a majority of 124 votes. What is the total number of votes polled ? (2005) 4)713 3) 11% increase 1) 542 2)620 3) 43536, 1 2 112% of x together with boar ta of yis 1 2 5, and _ Te of x is greater than so of y by 1, then x—2y =? (2004) 4)15 2)10 3)5 4)0 The population of a town Increases by 4% per year. If the population in this year is 17576, what was Itthree years ago ? 38. 39. 40. The percentage of 120 in 420 Is... (a 1)27 2)28 3) 282% 4) 28 < % 115% of anumber 'n' is 15 more than 6% 250 then 10% of 'n' is... (20 110 -2)208)25 4)31 The salary of A is 20% more than that o| By what percentage B's salary is less tt (2004) re a 1)16525 2) 17525 3) 16625 4) 15625 2) 20% 4) 15% 2 @pa 4954 Dag 8)2 92 10)3 12)8 13)2 442 15)3 17)4 18)4 19)3 202 22)3 23)2 24)4 25)3 27)3 28)2—S «29/3 30)2 32)3 33)1 341 98)2 37)4 —38)4— 39)240)1INTRODUCTION In this topic, the use of "Percentage" is dominant. The price at which, an article is purchased is called "COST PRICE" (CP) andthe price at which itis sold is called "SELLING PRICE" (SP). Profit = cP Loss = C.P - $.P. Profit (or) Los Profit (or) Loss % = Proton boss 100 EXAMPLES Ex:1) Krishna bought a book for Rs. 400 and sells it for Rs, 440. What is his gain percentage? (440-400) 00 40 ; ras x10 Sol: Gain % a7 i 10%, ticle for Rel800 and Ex:2) Amar purchased: f hat is his loss sells it for Rs, percentage? [Sol: Loss = 800 - 640 = 160 % = —~x100 = 20% boss %= 559 20% ifthe C-P. of the articleis given, to get the selling price, we have to multiply the C.P. witha suitable fractior Ex:3) Ashop-keeper purchased a bag for Rs. 900. At what price he has to sell the bag to get again 20% ? Sol: Since the gain is 20%, we have to multiply the C.P with a traction 122 fe C.P with a fraction 5 PROFIT AND LOSS Ex:4) The cost price of a table is Rs. 1200. At what price it should be sold to get a loss Of 20% ? Sol: — Since the loss is 20%, the cost price must 80. : sete be multiplied with a fraction 7 S.P = 1200 = TOO Ex:5) By selling an article for Rs. 720, a loss of 10% is matle. Whats its cost price ? = Rs. 960 selling a box for Rs. 720, a loss of 10% is obtained. At what price the box must ibe sold to get 20% gain ? 10% loss = The SP of the box = 90% of the C.P. 90 (CP) = = Ri 109 (CP) = 720 = C.P.= Rs. 800 To get 20% gain, the S.P. 120. 500 Rs. 960 ane = Rs. SHORT CUT METHOD 90: 720::120:? 720x120 = 99 = Fs. 960Ex:7) By selling a watch for Rs. 960, a profit of 20% is made. What is the gain or loss percentage, if it is sold for Rs. 760 2 eR 709 (CrP) = 960 C.P. = Rs. 800 If the S.P. = Rs. 760 Loss = 800-760=Rs. 40 40 Yo Of = —-x100 % ot loss= Bn5 Seam e Me) 960 : 120: : 760:? 120%760 960 95% means, a loss of 5% is made Anil sellsa bicycle to Manoj at 20% profit. Manoj sells it to Raju at 10% loss. If Raju.» pays Rs. 648 for it, at what price did Ani purchase it? Let Anil purchased it for Rs x a 83.5 gigx = Fs. 600 =95 Ex: 8) Sol: 120, 90 100 100 bbs Ny Mr. Seshu mixes 26 kg. of tea powder purchased @ Rs. 200 per kg. with 30 kg. of another variety purchased @ Rs. 360 per kg. He mixes the two and sells the mixture at Rs. 300 per kg. What is his gain percentage? Total cost price of the mixture = (26 x 200 + 90 x 360) = Rs. 16,000 Selling price of the mixture = 56 x 300 = Rs. 16,800 Profit = 16,800 - 16,000 = Rs. 800 Ex: 9) 0 100 = 5% 80 . Gain percentage = Té599 Ex: 10) The loss obtained by selling a book Sol: Ex: 11) Rajesh sold a pen at 12% profit. Had Sol: Ex: 12) A shopkeeper sold an article at 10% I Sol: Rs. 760 is same as the gain obtained selling it for Rs. 1140. What is the price of the book ? Loss = Gain => C-760=1140-C = 2C=1900 :. C=Rs. 950 sold it for Rs. 18 more, he would hai gained 18%. Whatis the cost price of pen? 112 i i first + aa. 2 Selling prios inthe first case = 759 (CP d Bo ithe second case = 15, ( 6 = Too CP. =Rs. 18 «. CP. = Rs. 300 ifhe had taken Rs. 98 more, he would gained 4%. What Is the cost price of article ? 90 Selling price in the first case = 755 C-Ps iis iseond.cosex ens Selling price in the second case = 155 Dit in the selling pri 1 op ference in the selling price = | 44 OP =98 = C.P.= Rs. 700Ex.13) A fruit seller buys oranges @ 9 for Rs. 16 and sells them at 11 for Rs.22. Whatis his loss or gain percentage ? G.P.of 9 oranges is Rs. 16 => CP of 9x 11 = 99 oranges is Rs. 176 S.P.of 11 oranges is Rs. 22 => SP.of 11 x 9= 99 oranges is Rs. 198 Gain = 198-176 = Rs. 22 Sol asd If the C.P, of two articles is same and they are sold such that there is a% gain on one and a% loss on the other, then there will be no loss no gain in the deal, Ex: 14) A shopkeeper purchases two books at Rs. 400 each. He sold one book at 10% gain and the other at 10% loss. What is total loss or gain in percentage ? 110 SP. of 1st book = 795% 5 Rs. 440 i i Sol: gi? S.P.of 2nd woo iltls<400= Ye 36 Total S.P. = 440 +860. Rs. 800 Total C.1 }00 + 400 = Rs. 800 «. No loss no gain in the deal. SHORT CUT METHOD (By using the above remark Since the cost price of two books is same (Rs. 400 each) there is 10% gain on one and 10% loss on the other, No loss no gain in the’ deal. If the S.P. of two articles is same such that| there is a % gain on one anda % loss on the axa_a@’ other, there will be a loss of ——— = 100 100 in the deal Ex: 15) A company sells two computers for Rs. 24,000 each, On one it gained 20% and ‘on the other it lost 20%. What is the overall gain or loss percentage ? 120 Sol: 799 4,000 => C.PR of 1st computer = Rs. 20,000 80 To0 (C-P)=24,000 => C.P.of 2nd computer Rs, 30,000 Total C.P. = 20,000 + 30,000 = Rs. 50,000 Total S.P,= 24,000 x 2= Rs. 48,000 a . Los$= 50,000 - 48,000 = Rs. 2,000 " (By using the above formula) Since the S. of two computers is same (Rs. 24,000 each There is 20% gain on one and 20% loss o1 the other 20%20 _ . Loss % = 95 Ex: 16) Ashop-keeper sells two books for Rs. 1040 each, and he gains 30% on the first and loses 20% on the second. Whatis the gain or loss in percentage in the whole transaction ? 130 Sol: (C.R) x ~~ = 1040 for the first book 100 ». = C.P=800 tt a 80 (C.P) x —— = 1040 for the second book 100 = OP=1300 & Total cost price = 800 + 1300=2100 Total S.P. of two books = 1040+.104020190 em 2100 21 Ex: 17) Manesh bought two bags for Rs. 900. He sold one bag ata gain of 20% and the other at a loss of 4% and he found each bag was sold at the same value. What is the cost of the bag soldat a gain ? Sol: Let Rs. xbe the cost of bag, soldat a gain of 20%, then C.P. of the second bag =Rs. (900-) .. Loss percentage = 120 96 x— = (900 —x)x—— Given *X759 = ¢ 0 (Since S.Ps are same) 120 x = 96(900 — x) 5x = 4(900 - x) = x= As. 400 Ex: 18) A dishonest dealer promises to sell rice at the cost price but uses a weight of 96 kg. instead of 100 kg. What is his gai percentage? “ Sol: The C.Pand S.P.are equal \ But he purchased 96 kg. of ride as 100 kg id sells it wr Cost Price >» Marketing price (or) List price (or) Printed price Discount ee Ex: 19) A shop-keeper marks his goods 20% above the cost price, but allows a discount of 10%. What is the gain or loss % obtained by the shop-keeper ? Selling price Sol: #GR=Rs. 100 220% 5 marketing price = Rs. 120 WE cress oe 90 —x120 = it +00 Rs. 108 is selling price 8 ‘ = ——x100=8% 1. Profit 100 SHORT CUT METHOD Ifa% and b% are two successive changes, then the overall change in the deal shea 2a 100 ple, the two changes are nd then 10% decrease: In the above ex 20% increas@ Ex : 20) Two successive discounts of 10% and 30 are equal to a single discount of wi percentage? 10x30 100 A single discount 37% is equivalent to discount series of 10% and 30%. Ex: 21) The marketing price of a book is Rs. ‘Two successive discounts of 20% and 10 are given on it. What is the selling price’ 80 | 90 : 240X——xK—— = | Sol : 100 Ex : 22) After getting two successive discounts ¢ 20%, 10% a customer purchased a toy fe Rs. 432. What is the list price of the toy: =-37% sol: —10-30+ #0, 90 Sol: (LP)x 100 “100 =f «, List price = Rs. 600Ex : 23) The list price of a box is 30% above the cost price. After allowing a certain Ex: 24) If the cost price of 20 pens is equal to discount, a profit of 17% is made to the selling price of 16 pens, whatis the gain shop-keeper. What is the rate of discount ? or loss percentage ? Sol: Let C.P.be Rs. 100 +20 5 Sol: Letthe C.R.cf 1 pen=Rs.1 maketing price = Rs. 130 CP of 20 pens = Rs. 20= S.P of 16 pens Since the profit is 17%, the selling price .P.of 16 pens = Rs. 1x 16= Rs. 16 =Rs. 117 and S.P. of 16 pens = Rs. 20 --. The marketing price Rs. 130 is reduced to sag Rs.117 2. Profit = 20-16 = Rs. 4 +, Discount (decrease) % 4 % of Profit= 7-X100= 25% 1. Raju bought a bag for Rs. 300 and sells it Jy selling a bag for Rs. 380, a loss of 5% is for Rs. 360. What is his gain percentage ? ‘i |. At what price the box must be 20% © 2)15% 3)17% 423% ff “ SOldto get a gain of 10% ? 2. _ Krishna purchased an article for Rs. 900. and pac, ee sells it for Rs. 610. What is-his loss 3) Rs. 420 4) Rs. 440 percentage? Again of 30% is made by selling a book for 4) 20% 2yfo% Rs. 390. At what price it should be sold to get a loss of 25% ? At what price he hast 1) Rs. 285 2) Rs. 225 again of 20% ? 3)Rs. 375 4) Rs. 275 1) Rs. 408 By selling a book for Rs. 480, a profit of 20% SARs. 432 4)Rs. 428 ismade. Whats the gain or loss percentage, +L ifitis sold for Rs. 352? 4. The cost price of a box is Rs. 850, Atwhat |, 4,5 a P price it should be sold to getalossof 20%? |\--,__ 1) 10% loss 2) 12% loss 4) Rs. 620 2)Rs. 640 oS oe 3) 16% loss 4) 10% gain 3)Rs. 670 4)Rs. 680 se 10. David sells a bicycle to Raju at 30% profit. (23 Raluselis tte Mohan at 10% loss. If Mohan 8. By selling an article for Rs. 520, a loss a pays Rs. 234 for it, at what price did David 20% is made. Whats its cost price ? Gbeo buy? 1)Rs. 620 2) Rs. 650 Sys 1) Rs. 250 2) Rs. 200 3) Rs. 610 4)Rs. 720 ur 3) Rs. 310 4) Rs. 280 6. Bysellinga book for Rs. 540, again of 20% | 11. Ashopkeepermixes 10 kg, of tea powder at ismade, Whatis the cost price of the book? Rs. 150 per kg. with 35 kg. of another variety 4) Rs. 650 2) Rs. 250 tet of Rs. 100 per kg. He mixes the two and sells the mixture @ Rs. 150 per kg. What is 3) As. 400 4) Rs. 450 his gain percentage? 1)7.5% 2)10% 3)15% — 4)20%18. A fruit seller bought 100 lemons at the rate often for Rs. 6. Twenty of those lemons are spoiled. At what price per dozen he has to sell the lemons to get a gain of 50% ? 1)Rs. 18 2)Rs.15 3) Rs. 13.50 4)Rs.9 The loss obtained by selling a bag for Rs. 76 is sameas the gain obtained by selling itfor Rs. 114. Whats the cost price of the bag ? 1) Rs. 82 2) Rs. 90, 3) Rs. 93 4) Rs. 95 If biscuits are bought at the rate of 18 for a rupee, how many biscuits must be sold for a rupee to get a gain of 80% ? 1yB<-=-2)9) 3) 10 ay A shopkeeper sold a hat at 12% profit. Had he sold it for Rs, 24 more, he would have gained 18%. What is the cost price of the hat? 1)Rs.360 3)Rs. 400 2)Rs. 390 4) Rs. 520 A trader sold an article at 10% loss. If he" had taken Rs. 98 more, he would have gained 4%. What is the cost price of thearticle ? 1)Rs. 700 3) Rs. 660 ‘A material is purchase , 6000. If one- at a loss of 20% and the remaining at a gain of 10%, what is the overall gain or loss in percentage ? 1)4% -2)6% = 3)2.5% = 4) 7.5% A shopkeeper buys pens at 9 for Rs. 16 and sells them at 11 for Rs. 22. Whatis his loss or gain percentage ? 1 1) eS % 2) 10% 3) 13% 4) 20% A reduction of 10% in the price of a pencil enabled a man to purchase 9 more for Rs. 540. Whatis the reduced price of the pencil? 1) Rs. 18 2)Rs.45 4)Rs.6 3) Rs. 58 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. Ravi purchases two bags at Rs. 300 eac! He sold one bag at 10% gain and the oth at 10% loss. Whats the total loss or gai in percentage? 1) 15% gain 2) 10% loss. 3) 20% gain 4) No loss or no gain ‘A company sells two computers for Rs. 24,000 each. On one it gained 25% ant ‘on the other lost 25%. What is the overall gain or loss percentage ? 1) 6.5% gain 2) 6.25% gain 3) 75% gain 4) 4% gain A shop-keeper sells two bags for Rs. each, and he gains 30% on the first and I 20% on the second. What is the gain or I in percentage inthe whole transaction ? 20 27 % 4) 15% \Op-keeper bought two books for Rs. id one book at a gain of 20% and other at a loss of 20% and he found e book was sold at the same value. What} the cost of the book sold at a gain ? 1) Rs. 400 2)Rs. 300 3) Rs. 200 4) Rs. 350 A dishonest dealer promises to sell sugi at the cost price but uses a weight of 95 instead of 100 kg. What is his gal percentage ? 4 1 Bia ee 2) 5% 3555” 4) 6% ‘Ashop-keeper marks his goods 30% abo the cost price, but allows a discount of 10 What is the gain or loss % obtained by t) shop-keeper ? 1) 20% Bi7% 3) 25% 4)16% ‘Two successive discounts of 20% and 309 are equal to a single discount of wha percentage? 1)50% 2) 44% 3)46% 4) 56%29, The marketing price of a book is Rs. 120. ‘Two successive discounts of 20% and 10% are given on it. What is the selling price ? 1) Rs. 86.40 2) Rs. 42.40 3) Rs. 64 4) Rs. 78.20 After getting two successive discounts of 12%, 10% a customer purchased a toy for Rs. 633.60. What is the list price of the toy ? 1)Rs. 700 2) Rs. 800 3)Rs. 750 4) Rs, 850 The list price of a box is 40% above the cost price. After allowing a certain discount, a Profit of 26% is made to the shop-keeper. What is the rate of discount ? 1)20% 2)35% 3) 15% 4) 10% A shop-keeper purchased an article at 20% discount on its printed price and sold it at 12% more than the printed price. What is. his gain percentage ? 1) 18% 2) 40% 3) 20% 4) 50% If the cost price of 40pens is equal to the selling price of 30 pens, what “ 33. 34, By selling 80 oranges, a fruit the cost price of 20 oranges. Whatis his gain percentage ? 1)20% 2)30% 3) 50% 4) 25% A shop-keeper buys two bags for Rs. 900, He sells one box at a gain of 15% and the other at a loss of 30%. On the whole he has. neither loss nor gain. What is the cost of each box ? 1)Rs. 450, Rs. 450 2)Rs. 600, Rs. 300 3) Rs. 470, Rs, 430 4) Rs. 520, Rs A trader ulated his loss as 25% with resp ng price. What is the tage ? 2) 20% y 4)21% The cost price and selling price of a table are in the ratio 4 : 7. What is the percentage of profit ? percentage ? > 1)40% 2)60% 1)33%6 2) aa 0% 4 3) 65% 4) 75% 3) 25% = 11 2)2 3)3 44 5)2 6)4 14 8)2 92 10)2 11)4 12)3 13)4 14)3 15)3 16)1 17)3 18)1 19)4 20)4 21)4 2292 2a) 24)3 25)2 26)2 27)1 28)2 29)4 30)2 312 -32)4 332 34)1 -35)4By selling a book for Rs. 756, a man gains 20%. Find its cost price. 1) Rs. 724 2) Rs. 620 3) Rs. 680 4) Rs. 630 Ifa bag Is sold for Rs. 546, a loss of 9% is obtained, what is its cost price a 1) Rs. 555 2)Rs. 650 3) Rs. 600 4) Rs. 780 Ramesh sold a book to Raju at 20% profit. Raju sold it to Anand at a gain of 25%. If Anand paid Rs. 225 for it, what did Ramesh pay for it? 1)Rs. 180 2) Rs. 190 3)Rs. 200 4)Rs. 150 Asolda land to B at 30% gain and Bsoldit toCataloss of 20%. IfC pays Rs. 5,20,000 for it, at what price did A buy ? 1) Rs. §,10,000 2) Rs, 5,00,000 3) Rs. 5,25,000 4) Rs. 4,00,000 By selling an article for Rs. 630, 5% gain is made. At what price tt must be sold for there to be a loss of 5% ? y 1) Rs. 620 1) Rs. 5.60 3) Rs. 6.00 4)Rs.7.20 ‘Ashop-keeper mixes 30 kg of salt at Rs. 3.60 per kg with 26 kg of salt at Rs. 2 per kg and sells the mixture at Rs. 3 per kg. What isthe percentage of profit ? 1)50% 2)5% 3) 10% 4) 25% ‘A shop-keeper bought 80 kg of sugar at Rs. 6.75 per kg and another 120 kg at Rs. 8 per kg. At what price per kg he has to sell the mixture to make a gain of 10% ? 1)Rs.8 2) Rs. 8:75 9)Rs.825 4) R89 2) Rs. 7.10 9. 13, 14, A fruit seller bought 200 oranges at the of ten for Rs. 4. Forty of those oranges a spoiled. At what price per dozen he has sell the remaining oranges so that there again of 40%? 1) Rs. 7.40 2) Rs. 9.60 3)Rs.8.40 4)Rs. 10.80 The loss obtained by selling a book f Rs. 360is same as the profit obtained wh itis sold for Rs. 480. What is the cost pri of the book? 1) Rs. 410 2)Rs. 510 3) Rs. 420 4) Rs. 400 The loss obtained by selling a bag f Rs. 1401S half of the profit obtained selling it for Rs. 212, What is the cost pri 2)Rs. 164 4)Rs. 196 What is the percentage of profit made abook ata certain price, if by selling at third of this price, there would be a loss 10%? 4) 15% 2)35% 3)40% 4) 20% Ashop-keeper sold a bookata profit of 3 Had he sold it for Rs. 18 less, there wo be a gain of 24%, What is the cost price the book? 1) Rs. 300 2)Rs.140 3)Rs. 200 4) Rs. 180 ‘Aman sold an articlé at a loss of 8%. Hi he sold at a gain of 8%, it would hi fetched Rs. 144 more than it did. What the cost price of the article ? 1)Rs. 800 2)Rs. 900 3)Rs. 1080 4) Rs. 600 Aman solda box ata loss of 10%. If he taken Rs. 84 more, there would have bee! gain of 4%. Whats its cost price? 2) Rs. 450 1) Rs. 60019. 20. A shopkeeper purchases 9 articles for Rs. 16 and sells them at 11 for Rs. 20. What is the gain or loss percentage ? 1) 2% % 2) 23 fe 3) 3% 4) 11% Rafi purchased two articles at Rs. 3000 each. He sold one at a gain of 10% and the other ata loss of 10%. What is the overall loss or gain in percentage ? 1) Rs. 300 3) Rs. 108 4) Noloss, No gain Kishore sold 2 articles for Rs. 9,900/- each. On one he gained 20% and on the other he lost 20%. What is the gain or loss in percentage on the two articles ? 1) 2% loss 2) 4% loss 3) 4% gain 4) 2% gain Atrader sold two boxes at Rs. 200 each. On ‘one he gained 25% and on the other he lost 25%. What is the overall gain or loss. percentage ? 2)Rs. 100 1) 6.5% loss 2) 4% loss 3) 6.25% loss 4) 4% gain ® Adishonest dealer promises to jods at the cost price b ses a weight of 800 grams per kg. WI is gain percentage ? ae 1 1)20% — 2)25% 340% 4) ed A shopkeeper promises to sell his goods at the cost price but he made use of 900 gms, instead of a kg, Whatis the gain percentage ? 1 1 1 2% 9—% 3) 11% 4) ll-% 111% — 2)977% 3) 115% 4) 7% A dishonest dealer promises to get a loss of 4%, but he uses a weight of 900 gms. instead of akg. What is the gain percentage ? 2 1 1 2) 16=% 2) 102% a) 94% 4 62% a eesd aie oe 23. 24, 25. 27. 28. 30. “Hy 50% A dishonest dealer promises to sell his goods at the cost price but gains 60%. What weight does he substitute for a kilogram ? 1)600 gm 2) 625 gm 3)700 gm 4) 400 gm A reduction of 10% in the price of sugar enables a person to purchase 5 kgs. more for Rs. 600. What is the reduced price of the sugar per kg ? 1)Rs. 10 2)Rs.12 3) Rs. 9.50 4)Rs.8 A reduction of 20% in the price of apples enables a man to purchase 32 more for Rs. 80. What was the price of 16 apples before the reaiogh? 2 4) Rsi i 2)Rs.14 4) Rs.8 ‘Two successive discounts 30% and eo are efjUial to a single discount of 2)44% 3)37% 4) 56% A discount series of 20%, 10% and 30% is equal to a single discount of what percentage? 1) 49.6% 2)50.4% 3) 57% 4) 57.9% The list price of an article is Rs. 700. A customer is given two successive discounts of 10% and 30%. Whats its selling price ? 1) Rs. 761 2)Rs.441 3)Rs. 704 4)Rs. 608 A trader lists his articles in such a way that after allowing a discount of 20%, still there isa gain of 4%. By what percentage above the cost price is the marked price ? 1) 38% 2) 25% 3) 24% 4) 30% Mohan sold 16 articles for the same money as he paid for 24. What is his gain or loss in percentage ? 1)20% 3) 50% 2)25% 4) 28%32, 34, 35. A shop-keeper marks his goods in such away that a profit of 41% is obtained, after allowing a discount of 25% on the marked price. If no discount is allowed on the marked price, what would be the percentage of profit ? 1)66% 2)26% 3) 88% 4) 74% By selling an article for Rs. 990, a trader makes a profit of 12%. The cost price of the article in rupees is (2007) 4920 2)900 3)800 4) 880 A trader allows a discount of 15% on the marked price of an article. How much per- centage above the cost price is to be marked to make a profit of 19% ? (2007) 1)40% 2)30% 3)33% 4) 29% ‘A shop-keeper marks his goods 20% abo the cost price and gives 10% discount. What is the percentage of profit ? (2006) 18 2)10 3) 12 4) 15 By selling a toy for Rs. y, x% gain is, obtained. What is the cost price of the toy’? (in Rupees) (2006) 100+x gota gain of 15% ? (201 ) Yooy 1) Rs. 260 2)Rs.975 3) Rs. 345 4) Rs. 360 100x 3) To0+y 36. 37. 38. Aman sells 320 mangoes at the cost pri of 400 mangoes. What is his gai @ percentage ? 4) 10 2)15 3)20 4)25 ‘A merchant gets Rs. 500 if he sells eit item A at 15% gain and item B at 10% los or item A at 15% loss and item B at 4 gain, What is the cost price of the item A (in Rupees) @ 1) 100 2) 150 3)200 4)300 If the cost price of 20 tables is equal selling price of 25 tables, what is the lo percentage? (2 1) 5% 3) 15% is | 3)60 4)45 By selling an article for Rs. 360, 20% gain made. What would be its selling price, 14 2) 64 72 in)2 12)2 16)2 17)4 213 22)4 26)2 27) 1 313 32)4 36)4 37)3 34 8)3 13)1 18)2 23)2 28)2 33) 4 38)4 42 §)2 93 10)3 442 15)1 193 2092 © 24)2 25) 4 29)4 303 34)1 35)2 39)1 40)3RATIO AND PROPORTION INTRODUCTION © Ifthe incomes of A andB are Rs. 11,000 and Rs. 12,000 respectively, we say that the 11 income of A [> ofthe income of B. ¢ The number of times a quantity contains other quantity of the similar kind is called the RATIO of the two quantities. ¢ The ratio ‘a' to 'b' Is written asa : b (or) a/b © Inthe ratio 6 : 7, 6 is the first term called “ANTECEDENT” And 7 is the second term called "CONSEQUENT". Note (1) : A ratio does not change even by multiplying or dividing its terms with the same constant. 4:7 is same as 12:21 6: 14is sameas3:7 Note (2) : Iftwo ratios: band c: dare’ ti the numbers a, b, c and d are sald tobe in "PROPORTION". A Here 4 and 30 are called "EXTREMES" and 5nd 24 are called "MEANS" four numbers are in proportion, the product of the extreme numbers is equal to the product ea Sy Ex: 1) Find the fourth proportion to the numbers: 16,40 and8? Sol: Let the fourth proportion be 'x’ 16:40=8:x 16x=40x8 x= 20 Ex:2) What is the mean proportion between Band 50? Sol: Letthe mean proportion be 'x’ 8:x=x:50 x50 X= ¥8x50 = 4400 = 20 €x:3) IfA:B=1:3,B:C=6:5, whatisthe value Sol: Ex4y tA: Be2:3,B:C it is the value of A: D? 2 ATB:C=6:9:4=12:18:8 C:D= 2 ArB:C:D=12:18:8:1 oA D=1244 SHORT CUT METHOD A:B=2:3,B:C=9:4andC:D=8:1 2x9x8 12 3x4x1_ Ex:5) Rs. 1530 is divided into two parts in the ratio 4:5. Whatis the value of the second part? then A:D= Si2s7 5 Sol: Second part = 5%1530 = Rs. ab0 Ex: 6) A sum of money is divided between Kailash and Ramesh in the ratio 4: 13. If the difference of their shares is Rs. 270. What Is the total amount ? Sol: 9:270::17:x 270x17 9 As. 510en eee Ex:7) The sum of two whole numbers Is 88. Which of the following can be the ratio of the two numbers ? 1)13:4 2)19:3 3) 17:3 4)21:7 Sol: (2) The sum of two whole numbers is 88 The sum of two elements in the ratio must be a factor of 88 4944217, 17+3=20, 21 +7=28 are not the factors of 88. Butin 19:3, 19+9=22isa factor of 88 => this can be the ratio of two numbers. Ex: 8) Two vessels of equal capacity are 3/4 and 2/5 full of wine. They are then filled up with water and the contents are poured in athird vessel. What will be the ratio of the wine and water in the final mixture ? Sol: Total quantity of wi ee ol: Total quantity of wine = 7 +5 = 59 Total quantity of sete fotal quantity of water = 4 +5 — 55 +, Ratio of wine and water y Ex:9) Two numbers are| number is increased by 10, the ratio changes to 3: 8. What are the two numbers? Sol Let 2x and 7x be the numbers (2x + 10): (7x + 10) = 18 (2x + 10) = 3(7x + 10) => 16x + 80=21x+30 5x = 50 x=10 The two numbers are 2 x 10 = 20 and7x10=70 SHORT CUT METHOD ‘Two numbers change from 2x and 7x to 3x and 8x “2x = 210 = 20 and 7x =7 x 10 = 70 are the numbers Ex: 10) Two numbers are in the ratio 3: 2. If40 subtracted from each of them, the rati changes to 5: 3. What is the smaller the two? Sol: Let 3x and 2x are the numbers (3x - 40) : (2x- 40) =5:3 => (3x - 40) = 5(2x— 40) => x=80 +, Smaller quinber = 2x = 2 x 80 = 160 If 3x and 2x (or 6xand 4x) are the two snumbers, they/change to 5x and 3x. Ex:11) In a mixture of 45 litres, milk and wate are in the ratio 4: 1. If 9 litres of water, added, what will be the ratio of milk at water in the final mixture ? Sol: In 45 litres mixture, Quantity of milk 4 = a 36 jitres 1 and quantity of water = > =9 litres When liters of water is added tothe mixtll Milk ; Water = 96 : (9+ 9)=36:18=2:1 Ex: 12) Of the three numbers a, b, c the fis st ty numbers, a and bare in the ratio3 : 2,t last two numbers b and care in the rat 7:1. Ifthe sum of these numbers is1 ‘What is ¢ ?Go ISG Ex: 13) If Rs. 930 is divided into three parts in the z+ What is the third part ? Sol: The required ratio= 15: 10:6 6 Third part = a = Rs. 180 Ex: 14) A purse contains one rupee, five rupee and ten rupees notes in the ratio 4 : 2:1. Ifthe total amount in the purse is Rs. 480, how many five rupee notes are there in the purse? Sol: — Letthe numberof 1 Re. 5 Rs. and 10 Rsnotes be 4x, 2x and x. Total amount = (1 x 4x) + (5.x 2x) + (10 x x) = 26x eg Given 24x = 480 « m x=20 ¢. The number of Rs. 5 notes = 2x =2x20=40 Ex: 15) A sum @f Rs. 35 is madeup of 80 coins, partly of/50 paise and partly of 25 paise. How many 50 paise coins are there ? Sol: Letthe number of 50 P coins and 25 P coins be x and y respectively x+y =80 (Number of coins) 50x + 25y = 3500 (Value of coins) By solving these two equations we can get =60 Ifall 80 coins are 50 Pf all the 80 coins are value=Rs.40 25 P, value= Rs. 20 Ex: 16). 3000 is divided among 4 women, 5 boys and 6 girls, such that the share of a women, a boy anda girl are in the ratio 9:8:4. What is the share of girl ? Let the share of a woman, a boy and that of a girl be 9x, 8x and 4x respectively Total amount paid = (4x 9x) + (5 x 8x) + (6 x 4x) = 100 x = 3000 => x=30 =4x =4x30=Rs. 120 Ex: 17) Three numbers are in the ratio 3: 4:5 such that the sum of their squares is 200. What is the middle number ? If Sx, 4x and 5x are the three numbers: (3x)? + (4x)? + (5x)? = 200 200 Sol: ©. The share of a girl 50x? = a4 + ke! Middle number = 4x = 4x 2=8Sol: I ey tat ee that thrice the share of A is equal to twice the of B which is equal to four times that of C. What is the share of A ? 3A = 2B =4C =x The required ratio= 4:6:3 4 A= —x910 = Rs. 280 13 q Find the fourth proportional to the numbers 3,4,12? : 1)14-2)20 3)16— What is the mean propertiona Tand 28? 1/23 2)24 HA: 5,B:C=1 ofA:B:C? at: 2)4:3:5 3)2:10:37 4)7:10:4 WA:B=3:2,B:C=4:1,C:D What is the value of A: D2 1)5:4 2)3:2 2)4:3 4) 4:14 What is the third proportional to 8, 12? 1)12 2) 18" 3)20 4) 22 Rs. 1890 is divided into two parts in the ratio 4:5, Whatis the value of the second part ? 1)Rs. 1020 2) Rs. 1050 3) Rs. 840 4) Rs. 830 ee a ee ne Oe ene a ae Sol: receives 5/12 as muchas Band C tog receive and B receives 3/14 as much as and C together receive. What is the shai of C? = 5 B+0) 9 A(B+0) =5:12) 5 2, A's share = ‘ee = Rs. 250 B= 2 (Avcy= B:(A+0) =3:14 2 ‘a = Rs. 150 250 — 150 = Rs. 450 A sum of money is divided between Davi and Raju in the ratio3: 11. Ifthe differen of their shares is Rs. 240, what is the tot amount? 1) Rs. 420 2) Rs. 280, 3) Rs. 360 4) Rs, 500 The sum of two whole numbers is 66. Whi of the following can be the ratio of the numbers? 1)13:4 2)19:3 3)17:3 4)21:7 Two vessels of equal capacity are 3/4 ar 2/3 full of wine. They are then filled up water and the contents are poured in a thi vessel. What will be the raito of wine water in the final mixture ? 4)17:11 2)17:7 3)16:11 4)17:9 Two numbers are in the ratio 3 : 7. If ea numbers increased by 15, the ratio chang} to3:5. What are the two numbers.? 1)15,30 2)30, 105 3) 15,35 4) 40, 105 Two numbers are in the ratio 3 : 2. If 20 subtracted from each of them, the rat changes to 5:3. Whats the smaller num! ofthe two? 1)90 2)80 3)120 4) 16012. Ina mixture of 60 litres, milk and water are | 19, Three numbers are in the ratio3: 4:5 such in the ratio 4:1, If 12 litres of water is that the sum of their squares is 450. What is added, what will be the ratio of milk and the first number ? water in the final mixture ? 8 24 36 4)9 Mie oes ae se 20. Find the number which when subtracted 13. Ofthe three numbers a, b and. the first two from the terms of the raito 9: 5 makes it numbers a and b are in the ratio 3 : 2, the Gqualio 3:1? last two numbers b and c are in the ratio7 : 1, if the sum of these numbers is 740, ty yt 8) 3 ae whatis ¢? 21. Divide Rs. 2380 into three parts in such a 120 -2)25 904) ao_ way that one-fourth of the first part, one- fifth of the second part and one-eighth of 14. If Rs. 1240s divided into three parts in the the third part are equal, Whatis the second aT part? ratio 53" 5) what amounts to the third 1)Rs. 580 2) Rs. 650 ao - Sua 3) Rs. 700 4)Rs. 375 s. s. ‘ 3) Rs. 240 # Rs. 220 2 ecu ae C80. that thrice A's sharé’is equal to twice B's 15. Abag contains one rupee, five rupees and whichis equal to four times C's share. ten rupee notes in the ratio 3: 2:1. Ifthe tis the siiire of A? total amount in the bag is Rs. 460, how many s five rupee notes are there in the bag ? 2) Rs. 640 1/50 2)40-3)60 =a) 25 4) Rs. 860 16. Asumof Rs. 36 is madeup of 80 coins, partly 23. Divide Rs. 4800 among A, Band C so that A 9f 50 paise and partly of 25 paise. How many » receives 5/11 as much as B and C together 50 paise coins are there ? . receive and B receives 7/9 as much as A 1112 .2)96 3) 42 4) af and C together receive. What is the share 17. Inan examination therpare 40 questions. of? A student gets 3 marks for each correct answer and 1 mark: foreach Eaeaes Sich is wrong answer. Mohan pted all 3) Rs. 1600 4) Rs. 1200 questions and got 88 marks. How many | 54 i z questions did he attempt corractly ? pee et 1/30 -2)36 = 3) 32 4)31 1) 3:7 2)9:49 18. Rss. 4000is divided among 4 women, 5 boys . and 6 girls, such that the share of awomen, 579740 Seat aboyandagirlare intheratio9:8:4.What | 25. Whatis the triplicate raito of 8:5? areca a 1)512:121 2)511:127 s. s. Sater 4)88- 4100 3)512: 125 4)512:111 KEY 3 23 33 44 52 62 71 8)2 92 103 11)2 12)3 134 14)3_ 15)2 16)4 17)3 18)1 19)4 20)3 21)3 22)2 23)4 24)2 25)3If 60% of a= 96% of b, whatis a:b? 4)5:8 2)8:5 3)6:5 4)5:6 Ifa: b=2:5andb:c¢=2:4whatisa:b:c? 1)6:15:8 2)6:15:10 3)6:15:20 415 What is the fourth proportional to the numbers 6, 8 and 15 ? 418 -2)20 9)80 4) 25 What is the third proportional to 5, 20? 1)60 2)86 © 3)80 4) 68 What is the mean proportional between Sand 45? 4115 2)105-3)45 4) 15 Rs, 630 is divided into two parts in the ratio 2:7. What is the value of the second part ? 1) Rs, 490 2) Rs. 496 3) Rs. 493, 4) Rs. 499 The prices of a VCD and a Radio are in the ratio 9:2, If the VCD costs Rs. 840 mor than the Radio, find the price of the Radio? 1)Rs. 140 2)Rs.240 3) As. 480 4)Rs,360 Two numbers are in the ratio 3 number be increased by 60, th becomes 4:5. Find the smaller number. 1)30 2) 180 ‘Two numbers are in the ratio 3: 4. Ifeach number Is increased by 2, the ratio becomes 7:9, Find the numbers. 1)12,18 2) 12,20 3) 12, 16 4) 12,14 The incomes of Amar and David are in the ratio 3 : 2 and their expenditures are In the ratio 5 :3. Ifeach saves Rs. 2000, what is the income of Amar ? 1) Rs. 6,000 2) Rs. 12,000 3) Rs, 18,000 4) Rs. 24,000 Ina mixture of 65 litres, the ratio of wine and water is 4: 1. If 13 litres, of water is added to the mixture, find the ratio of wine and water in the resulting mixture 41)1:2 -2)2:3 3)2:1 9 4)2: 12, 2. equal ies of A and B are mix then the pri ‘of wine and water in tl resultant mixture iS 2(6x +5) =7(x +5) 5x =25 x=5 :, The present age of Mr. David =6x5 = 30 years Ex:2) The ratio of ages of A and Bis 5: 3 and the sum of their ages is 32 years. What will be the ratio of their ages after 16 years? f Sol: Let the present ages of A and B be 5x and 3x years: 5x + 3x =32 > x See) Uatlael2 Their ages are 5x and 3x Given 5x + 3x = 8x = 32 years =, 16 years = 4x Since we require the ratio of their ages afte 16 years, add 4x directly gives (5x + 4x) and (3x+ 4x) 9x: 7x=9: ‘The ages of a father and his daughter are inthe ratio 4: 1. If5 years ago their ages were in the ratio 7: 1. What is the present Ex: 3) BLEMS ON AGES Let 4x and x be their present ages (4x=5):(x-8)=7:4 =} 1(4x- 5) = 7-5) 3x = 30 2. x=10 Prosent age of father = 4 x 10 = 40 years Sol: Five years ago Aruna's age was s times the age of her daughter at that ti and after 5 years, her age will be thrice age of her daughter. How old is Ar Ex: 4) ., Aruna's age was 7x5 = 96 years, 5 years ago -, Her present age =35 + 5 = 40 years The sum of the ages of Raghu and Raj x:5) is 56 years. 6 years ago, the ratio of ages was 7:4. How oldis Mr. Rajeshn Sol; The sum of their present ages = 56 yea Let their ages 6 years ago were 7x and ‘Sum of their present ages = (7x +6) + (4x + 6) = 56 41x=44 x=4 “+, Mr, Rajesh's present age =4x +6 =(4x4)+6 = 22 years age of the father ?I EDEDDDEOET I I Ex:6) Ais4timesasoldasB. 3yearshencethe | Sol: Let the present age of Khan be ‘A'years, pet ay eae Mae ivenre: Aaa After 8 years he will be (A + 8) years old and " 1 he ot Id Sol: Let and B ages are 4x and x omen eras Uhesls) Yeare (x+9)4(K+9)=41 = 5235 = x27 Shen ee eee) 2. Present age of A= 4x7 = 28 years = A=20years Ex:7) Mr. Rao has two sons. His age is 3 times Ex:9) 3 years ago Pavan was twice as old as the sum of the ages of his sons. After 4 Kalyan. If the difference of their ages is years his age will be twice the sum of the 4 years, how old is Kalyan now ? ages of his sons. What is the present age of Mr. Rao? Sol: Ratioof their ages 3 years ago was 2:1 Sol Let M be the present age of Mr.Rao 2x and x Let S, and S, be the ages of his sons Given difference x= 4 years M=3(S, +S,)....... (1) -. Kalyan’s present age = 4 +3=7 years Ae: $5 lich younger toVishal as he (M+4)=2(8,+4+S, +4) . If the sum of the ages M+4=2(S, +S) +16 sh is 54 year, how old M=28, +8,) +12 M-=2(M/3) + 12 (Using (1) Equation) = M=26 years Ex: 8) In8years, the age of Khan will be 4 times what he was 13 years ago. What is his presentage ? 1 The ratio of the age Mr, lodar and 4. Five years ago Lalita's age was seven times. his son is 5:1. After the ratio will the age of her son at that time and after be 6: 2. What is the present age of 4 years, her age will be thrice the age of her Mr. Damodar ? son. How old is Lalita now ? 1) 28 years 2)36 years 1) 35 years 2) 28 years 3) 40 years 4) 45 years 3) 45 years 4) 48 years 2. Theratioof theages of AmarandRahimis | 5. Thesumof theages of Meharand Ramu is 3:1 and the sum of their ages is 32 years, 48 years. 4 years ago, the ratio of their ages What will be the ratio of their ages after was 5:3. How old is Mr. Ramu now ? 1oyearn 1) 22 years 2) 24 years UAE 2) 1632 3) 28 years 4) 19 years Aelia sive 6. Mr. Kishore is 5 times as old as Bhaskar. 3. The ages of a father and his son are in the 4 years hence the sum of their ages will be ratio 3: 1. If 6 years ago their ages were in the ratio7 :1. What is the age of the father ? 1) 27 years 2) 48 years 3) 52 years 4) 32 years 44 years. What is the age of Kishore ? 1) 20years 3) 30years 2)23 years 4) 26 yearsMr. Pavan has two daughters. His age Is 3 times the sum of the ages of his daughters. After 4 years his age will be twice the sum of the ages of his daughters. What is the present age of Mr. Pavan ? ‘The ages of A and B are In the ratio 3: The product of their ages is 27. What will the ratio of their ages after 3 years ? 1:2 2)2:1 32:3 4)3:5 13. The sumof the ages of a father and his eee Rie tose is 4 times the age of the son. If the ave 9) 38 years 4) 24 years age of the father and the son is 28 8. In 10 years, the age of Mohan will be 3 times what is the age of the son ? that of him6 years ago. What is his present 1) 16 years 2) Aven sae? 3) 12 years 4) 18 years 1) 10 years 2) 14 years 14. The sum of the present ages of Prakash 3) 12 years 4) 20 years Sudhir is 7 times the difference of their, 9. 6years ago David was thrice as old as Kiran. After 5 years, the sum of their ages will If the difference of their ages is 2 years, times the difference of their ages. The pr how old is Kiran now ? age of the elder of the twois 1) 8 years 2) 6 years 1) 10 years 2) 20 years 3)7 years 4) 5 years 3) 35 years 4) 18 years 10. Phaniisasmuch youngertoVithalasheis | 15. Suresh's#é s 5 times as old as. older to Ramesh. If the sum of the ages of Vithal and Ramesh Is 56 years, how old is Phani now ? 1) 26 years 2) 24 years 4) 15 years 3) 28 years 4) 30 years 11. Neeraja got married 4 years ago. Today her age is u times her age at 13° -2)3- 31 42 8)4 marriage. Her son's agéil1/12 of ae gon? 6)3 72 82 9)3 10)3 1)1 year Ss 11)3 12)2 132 14)2 18)4 3) 3 years sae ale 1. Kiran is three yearselder than Mani. IfKiran | 3. Fifteen years hence aman will be four ti is'm' years old, how old was Mani two years as old as he was fifteen years ago. ago? was his age 4 years ago ? 1)m-2 2)m-3 1) 25 years 2) 29 years 3)m-5 4)m+5 3)21 years 4) 22 years 2, Awomanwas'n'yearsold'x'yearsago. Her | 4. Syamisyoungerto Srija by 10 years. If age 'm' years from now is expressed as 1)n-x4m 2)n+x-m 3) 2+ m+x 4)n+m+x years back their ages were in the ratio how old is Srija now ? 4) 20 years 2)25 years 3) 15 years 4)30 yearsPisas much younger to Qas he is older to R. If the sum of the ages of Q and R is 50 years, what is the the difference between the ages of P and Q? 1) 25 years 2)1 year 3) 2 years 4) Date inadequate Sushma's mother is four times as old as Sushma. After 5 years, her mother will be 3 times as old as she will be then. What is the age of Sushma? 1) 15 years 2) 10 years 3) 20 years 4) 5 years A mother had three sons. They were born at the intervals of 3 years. The sum of their ages is 24 years. What is the age of the youngest son? 1) 8 years 2) 6 years 3) 11 years 4) 5S years Rajesh is 30 years younger than his uncle today. Five years ago, Rajesh was 1/4 as oldas his uncle, How old will Rajesh's uncle be 8 years hence ? 1) 40 years 2) 48 years % 3)32 years 4) 46 years q ‘Surekha got married 6 years ago. Today her 1 > age Is 1] times her age at nine of marriage. Her 13, ‘Two years back, the ratio between the ages of Maruthi and Sandeep was 3: 2. If Sandeep is younger than Maruthi by eight years, what is the present age of Maruthi ? 1) 18 years 2) 20 years 3) 24 years 4) 26 years Five years ago Raj's age was two-third of his present age. How old is Raj today ? 1) 16 years 2) 15 years 3) 10 years 4) 20 years The ratio of the present ages of father and his son is 2: 1, If the ratio 10 years ago was 5:2, then the present age of the sonis (2007) 2)25 4)32 ars old'P' years ago. How 4)A-P-T will be 5 times as old as he is now ler 8 years. How many years hence will he be 10 times as old as he Is now ? (2004) 16 = 2)18 = 3)20 ay 44 The sum of the ages of a father and his son is 100 years. 10 years ago, their ages were in the ratio 5:3. What is the present age of the father? (2004) age. Her son's 1) 63 years 2) 62 years 1) 2years i 3)61 years 4) 60 years 3) 4 years 4) 5 years 3 24 33 42 5)4 6)2 74 82 92 104 11)2 12)1 13)3 142 15)4INTRODUCTION An average is the sum of n different items divided by n. Totalof items Averag® = Number of items GN) Ex:1)The average mark obtained by 40 boys is 65 and the average mark of 20 girls is 95. What is the average mark of all the students in the class 7 Total marks of boys and girls (40 x 65) + (20 x 95) = 2600 + 1900 = 4500 Sol: 4500 60 The average score of a player in9matches © is 12. Ifin the 10" match hi what is his new a scor Total score for al matches a y = (9x 12)+24 132 == =13.2 New Average = “75 Average = =75. Ex: 2) Sol: x:3) Theaverage mark of 30 students in aclass is increased by 1.2, when a student of mark 48 is replaced by a new student. What is the mark obtained by the new student ? SHORT CUT METHOD = 30x 1.2 =36 Total increase :, Marks obtained by new student are =36+48=84 Ex: 4) The average of four numbersis 13. ie number is increased by 5, whatis the average? Sol: Leta, b, cand dare the four numbers Givena+b+o+d=4x13=52 If each number is increased by 5 New total = (a +5)+(b+5)+(c+5)+(d+5) satb+c+d+20 atb+e+d +20 :, New average = 4 2 +20 4 rs ac the average age of a family¢ mbers was 19 years. A new ba “having been born, the present average ag of the family remains the same today. Whi is the present age of the boy 7 The total age of 3 members, 5 years ood =3Xx 19=57 years The present total age of these three mem! = 57 +(3x5)=72 years The present total age of four members =4x19=76 years +, The age of the boy = 76-72 = 4 years si oa ae y Sol:The average mark obtained by 30 girls is 55 and the average mark of 20 boys is 40. What is the average mark of all the students in the class ? 1)38 2)42 3)49 4) 63 ‘The average score of a player in 10 matches is 12. If in the 11th match his score is 34 what is his new average ? : nit 212 3)13 4) 44 The average of four consecutive even numbers is 37. What is the largest number of the four ? 1)32 2/40 3)48 4) 54 The average rainfall for Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday is 4.3 cm. The'average rainfall for Friday, Saturday and Sunday is 3.9 cm. If the average rainfall for the total week is 3.7 cm, what is the rainfall recorded on Thursday ? 1) 2.4m 3).2.8 om 2)1.30m 4)3.9cm The average of 11 number: average of first 5 numbers’ average of last 5 numbers is 4 6th number ? ap 3) 46 ‘observations is 23, The average of first 7 is 27 and that of last 7 is 24. What is the value of the seventh observation ? 1)52 2)58 3)62 4)72 The average age of Mr. and Mrs. Prakash and their 4 children is 20 years. If his age is excluded, the average age of remaining members in the family would be 17 years. How old is Mr. Prakash ? The average mark of 30 students ina class is increased by 1.2, when a student of mark 42 is replaced by a new student. The mark obtained by the new student is 1)64 2)72 3)78 4)66 The average of four numbers is 19. If each number is increased by 3, what is the new average ? 1)22 2)24 3)26 4)28 10. The average age of 17 players is 14 years. It the age of their coach is included, the average of the group becomes 15 years, How oldis the coach 7 1) 41 years” 2)38 years 4) 32 years the average age of a family of 3 7 17 years. Anew boy was born during this period. Even then the average age of the family remains unchanged. What gis the present age of the boy ? “1) 1 year 2)2 years 3) 3years 4)None 12, The average of 8 observations is 26. If the average for the first 5 observations is 18.2. What is the average of last3 observations ? 1)33 239 3)36 417 Of the three numbers, the first number is one-half of the second, the second number is one-third of the third number. The average of three numbers is 16. What is the sum of the first and the second number ? 1)48 2)5.3 3)24 4)16 The average of 18 numbers is 14, While calculating the average, one number is taken as 73 instead of 37. What is the correct average? 1)36 ‘419 212 3)18 1)30 years 2)32 years 15. Whats the average of all the odd numbers 3) 26 years 4) 29 years between 40 and 90? 3 1) 130 2)90 3)65.5 4)65 3 24 32 42 5)4 2 72 a3 10)4 11)2 12)2 13)4 142 45)41. Theaverage mark of 17 boysis12andthat | 9. — The average weight of 8 men is increa of 13 girls Is 18. What is the average of all by 1.5 kg when one of the men who weii the students ? 65 kg is replaced by a new man. The wei: of the new man is z : : . as 1)76 kg. 2)76.5 kg 2 ad ofa, b,c, va is 12. Ifthe eer 2s ; average of a, b,c, eis 12. 10. Theaverage mark of 45 students in acl wee ee is 52. Five of them whose average is leave the class and the other 5 stude 17 2)65 3/15 4)3 whose average Is 54 join the class. What 3. Theaverage mark of 30 students in a class the new average mark of the class ? is 48. 15 new students join the class. With this the average of the class is brought down 522 g)524 to 40, What is the average mark of the 15 ie 8. new students ? 11. The average marks obtained by Vijay it 1)42 2)32 3/28 4)24 English, Hist Brana Mathematics is 15, 4. Theaverage temperature on Sunday, Monday than then and Tuesday is 19.5°. The average What is temperature on Thursday, Friday and lish and Ma Saturday is 8.5°. olf the temperature on 4)4 °3)145 Seopsein es neeaee pegs ee 4) cannot be determined 12. “The average of marks obtained by 1 1)14.5° 214° 3) 16.5° 4) 17.4° candidates is 35. If the average of pas: 5. What is the average of firsty 180 natural candidates is 39 and that of failed candid: numbers? q 4 is 15, the number of candidates who pa: 1) 180 2)90 5 » the examination is 6. The average of 1! pers is 21. If each 1)80 2)150 3)30 © 4)60 number is multi by 3 what is the new 13, The average of x and y is 18. Ifzis equal average? 9, the average of x, yandzis 1)62 2)63 61 4) 91 1)3 29 3/124) 15 7. The average of 21 numbers is 17. The average of first 11 numbers is 13 and that of last 11 numbers is 29. What is the value of the 11th number ? 1)95 2)75 3)105 4) 115 8. The average of three numbers is 135. The largest number is 180 and the difference of the other two is 45. The smallest number is. 1)185-2)45.«3)90 4) 190 14. The average age of 5 children is 8 years. their father's age is included then th average age of the group becomes 13 How old is the father ? (2 1)30 2)343)38 4) 37 15. Three years ago, the average age of A and) was 20 years. With C joining them, tl average age of A, B and Cis 25 years. Ho old is C2 (2006) 1)30 2)29 _3)31 4)32 13 23 34 42 5)3 62 73 8)3 9)4 10)2 11)4 12)2 13)4 14)3 15)2. 2 if the digit in the units place is even number or zero. 3 if the sum of the digits of the number is divisible by 3, . 4 if the set of last two digits is divisible by 4. Sif the digit in the units Place is either zero or five, a 6 if the number is divisible ‘by both 2 and 3. . 8 if the set of the last three digits is divisible by 8. 9 it the sum of the digits is divisible by9. . 10 if the digit in units Place is. A number 'ABCD' is divisible ABC - 2D Is divisible by 7 ic. of a ie. number ifthe twice of the digitin units place when substracted from the number made of the remaining digits is divided by 7 then the given number is divisible by 7. : Anumber ABCDEF is divisible ‘by 11, ifthe difference between (A + C + E +...) and (B+D+F +... is zero or a multiple of 11. Face value of a digit The actual value of a digit is known as "Face value" or “Absolute value". Ex: The face value of 5 in 4563 is 5 lace V; igit The value of a digit that varies with its osition is known as “Place value" or Local value". Ex: The local value of 7 in 675 is7 x10=70 i8e it is in ten's place. rf Note : : Note NUMBERS AND DIVISIBILITY Ex:1) The sum of three consecutive even numbers is 90. What will be the middie number ? Sol: Letthe three consecutive even numbers be X, (K+2), (x +4) Given x C2) +(x+4)=90 iddle number = 2842 = 30 'f one-fourth of three-fifth of a number is 27, what is 40 percent of that number 2 thx =27 45 x = 180 1 eo = 72 i 100 What would come in the place of (x) mark in the folk Required value = Ex:3) ing equation ? Sol: 23%40+114=210 23%40= 210x114 =23940 +. The symbol (+) be replaced by 9 Ex:4) A number when divided by 121 gives a remainder 60. divided by 11, the remainder will be 1)3 3)5 410 If the same number is 2)4Sol: The general form of the number is 121. +60 Ifthe same number is divided by 11 121x460. 1 Sankar gets 3 marks for each correctly answered question and loses 2 marks for each wrongly answered question. He attempts 30 questions and gets 40 marks. The number of correctly attempted questions is 1)25 2)20 9)15 4) 14 Let'C’be the correctly done and W be wrongly done questions C+W=30 3C -2W =40 1 C=20 Adding 32 to a number is equal to adding 40% of that number to it. What is 150% of that number ? , the remainder will be 5 Ex:5) Sol: Ex:6) Sol : Letthe number be x’ _ 150 “Too Ramu was asked to divide a number by 4, but wrongly he multiplied the same by 4, His answer is 60 more than the correct answer. What is the correct answer ? 150 30 =120 100 Ex:7) i Sol: — Correctanswer= q His answer = 4x & Given 4x=60+ 7 => x= 16 -. Correct answer = 16/4 = 4 Ex: 8) 849 tables are to be arranged in such way that the number of chairs in eacl column should be equal to the number columns. How manytables will be exclu to make this arrangement possible ? Sol: — Letthere be 'x’ columns and'x’ chairs in ea column The number less than 849, which is a pert square is 841 x = 841 => x=29 ¢. 849~ 841 =8 chairs will be excluded Ex:9) What is the sum of the numbers in th following series ? 2,6, 10, 14 Sol: If the numbers is constant then in the series, iver ot elements t element — First element ig Difference 1 Sum of the elements n = 3 [Last element + First element] By using the above formulae 70-2 Number of elements = = 18 ‘Sum of all the elemts = ue = 648 Sol: 14)216(15 210 6 There are 15 numbers upto 216 which are divisible by 14.A; I 338 ‘% Of 20% of number is 15. Whatis the number ? 1215 2)235 3)225 4)280 The sum of three consecutive even numbers, is 78. What is the middle number ? 124 2)an 3)26 4)28 Ifone-sixth of three seventh of. anumberis 10, what is 40% of that number ? 1)54 2) 82 3)35 4)56 When 14 is added toa number, it becomes times the original number. What is the original number 2? 124-218 21 gy 26 What would come in the place of () mat, in the following equation ? 32*50+225 = 146 2 a4 a6 % Which of the foll added to 19694 to'make it exactly divisible by9? m 3 1)8 27 44 'fone-third of one-fourth of a numberis 15, then three - fifth of the number is 1105 2)108 3) 1024) 118 A number when divided by 221 gives a remainder of 63. If the same number is divided by 11, the remainder will be 14 2)7 3)6 4)8 Prakash gets 3 marks for each correctly answered question and loses 2 marks for each wrongly answered question. He attempts 30 questions and gets 40 marks. The number of questions answered correctly by him is 1)25 2)20 3)15 4)14 One-half of three-fifth of one-fourth of a number is 27. What is 20% of that number? 1)65 2)68 3)72 4)96 What should come in the place of both the question marks () in the following equation? 81 2)56 16.3 When fof ‘subtracted from a number, it 3)36 4)0.36 reduce’ number )81 “ar 327 4)36 dggcing 24 toa number is equal to adding is? third. What is 60% of that ‘of that number, then 40% of that number 148 = .2)40 3)32 4)36 The sum of three consecutive even numbers is 102. Whatis the difference between 1/2 of the lowest and one-third of the largest number? 1)4 2)6 3)8 ——4)None If the difference between a number and its three-fifth is 60, what is the number ? 12250 2)175 3) 150 ayas When 84 is added to a number, the new number becomes 300 percent of the original number. What is the original number ? 1)81 2)42 3) 200 4)56 The sum of the digits of a two digit number 's 10. If 18is added to the number, the digits will be reversed. What is the number ? 1)73 2)37 3) 64 4)46 A number when multiplied by 17, exceeds itself by 48, What is the number ? 13 26 3)8 4)1220. 21. 22. 23. 24, 25. 26. By how much more is three - seventh of 147 than one-fourth of 96 ? 139 -2)46— 3594) 81 The sum of three consecutive numbers is 36. What is the square of the middle number? 1)144-2)210 = -3)130 4) 169 Pradeep is asked to divide a number by 5, but he wrongly multiplied the same by 5. His answer is 72 more than the correct answer, What is the correct answer ? 115 -2)8 320 | 4)25 In the following product which number appears in the units place ? 109 x 634 x 178 x 9364 = 4)4 22 3)3 4a 749 chairs are to be arranged in such a way that the number of chairs in each column should be equal to the number of columns. How many chairs are to be withdrawn to make this arrangement possible ? 1)19-2)20 3)27 4)36 < Whats the sum of the numbers inthe series Vy 3,7, 11,15 175 1/862 © -2)741 3)1210 ‘iin, How many numi by 17? Die. eh How many numbers are there from 250 to ae 28. 29. 30. 31. Poo 33, When 45 is subtracted from a two-digit How many numbers upto 355 are divisible by3and 4? 1)29 2)115 = 3)251 4) 63 How many numbers from 281 to 651 are divisible by 2, 3,4 and 5? 118 .2)233)16 4) One third of three-fifth of a number is 17. What is the number ? 1105 2)85 = 3)65—— «475 If two-fifth of a number is 1.8, what will be 300% of that number ? 1)145 2/13 -8)13.5 4) 14 If two-fifth of one-fourth of a number is 4, what is the sum of the two digits of the number ? 28 3)4 4)1 peetees,| its two-thirds by 40. What is the number 0 3) 120 4) 180 jumber, it reduces to its three-fourth. What is 20% of the number ? 1)360 2)36 3) 180 4) 150 A number when divided by 5 is diminished by 40. What is the number ? 160 280 = 3)50.- 4) 120 If two-fifth of a number is 15 less than the. original number, what is the number ? 502, which are divisible by 13 7 160 -2)70--3)85—«4)25 123 -2)102, 3194) 93 13 23 94 43 5)4 62 72 84 92 10)3 11)3 12)2 13)3 14)1 15)3 16)2 17)4 18)1 19)1 20)1 21)2 22)2 23)2 24)2 25)2 26)3 27)1 28)4 29)4 30)3 31)3 32)3 38)2 34)3 35)4By how much is 1/5 of 425 less than 1/4 of 356? 1)40 24 3) 16 4) 120 When 24 is added to. number it increases L toits I times. What is the number ? 1)90 2)98 3) 96 4) 120 !fone-fifth of a number increased by2iss, then what is the number ? 1)75 2)25 3)30 4)20 A number is as much greater than 36 as is less than 84. What is the number ? 1) 120 2)60 3)80 4)110 {wo-fifth of a number is 3 more than one- fourth of the same number. What is the sum of the two digits of the number 7 1)20 2)2 3)4 4)9 Whats the number which when mul! by 12is increased by 132 2 tt 2)12 3) 16. i The sum of two numbers is 180 ani their difference is 30What is ne of their squares 2 1)540 2) 4) 4800 The difference of two numbersis 9 and their ‘sum is 25, What is their Product ? 1) 126 2)136 3) 144 4) 168 Whats the least number which isa perfect Square and contains 48 as a factor ? 1)4800 2) 144g 3) 144 4)7200 A number when divided by 357 leaves a remainder 26. By dividing the same number by 17, the remainder obtained is 1)26 2)19 4)9 3)29 (EXERCISE - 2) 11. "1)27 Anumber when divided by 176 leaves 21 as the remainder. What will be the remainder, when the same number is divided by 16 18 215 ays 421 The difference between a two-digit number Aeahe number obtained by interchanging its digits is 27. Whatis the difference betweor the two digits of the number ? 1)3 2)4 3)1 4)2 From 82 to 120, what is the sum of the numbers? 1)3940 2)3939 3) 7949 4) 3970 Whats the sum ofall the odd numbers that lie between 140 and 1 982 4 1/5901 Bj4s07 3) 5392 4) 4901 The Sti Of three consecutive numbers Is 87. Whatis the tiicidle number ? 2)29 3931 433 The sum of three consecutive numbers is - Which is the largest of the three? Yi ays 310 4)16 The sum of three consecutive numbers is 36 more than the middle number. What is the first of the three numbers 2 M16 218 3)19 ay a7 The sum of three consecutive even numbers is 132. What will be the lowest of all the three numbers ? 1)46 2)44 3) 40 4)42 The least number that must be subtracted from 5809 to make it exactly divisible by 9 is i)3 2)4 3)2 41 3 « Bisa three-digit number with + as the missing digit. If the number is divisible by 6, the missing digit is 14 2)7 30 4124 23. 24. 25. a ee} es A digit 'P' is placed after a three digit number, in which the middle digit is zero, the digitin100's place is'K' and that of units Place is 'M'. Whatis the resultant number ? 1) 1000 K+ 100 M+ P. 2)1000K+10M+P. 3)100K4+M+P 4) 100K+10M4P Krishna was asked to find the value of 5/12 of a number. Instead of multiplying the number by 5/12, he divided it by 5/12 and thus his answer exceeds the correct answer by 238. What is the correct answer ? 1)120 2)50 3)60 4) 180 Whats the least value of k such that. 4876 k is divisible by 11 ? 41) 2)2 3)3 4)4 Ina test there are 50 questions. A student gets 3 marks for every correct answer and ‘one mark is deducted for every incorrect answer. If a student attempted all and got 60% marks, how many questions did he attempt correctly ? 1)30 2)20 3)35 415 § ifthe numbers : 169,246, 416, 974, 517, 612 and 325 are arranged in descending order based on the sum of the digits of each cf these numbers, the middle number gu * (2007) 1)248 2)517 i 3) 612° 4) 974 2 tables and 3 chai aot. 3,500 while 3 tables and 2 chairs cost Rs. 4,000, The cost of a table (in rupees) is (2007) 1500 2)10003)1200 4) 1500 From 1 to 100, how many numbers are divisible by and also have 5 as a digit in it? (2006) 4)20 1)10 211 3)12 30. 31. 33. 35. 12 2)3 34 42 5)2 11)3° 42)1 -13)2 144 15)2 21)2 22)2 23)3 24)3 25)2 31)1 32)4 33)3 34)1 95)1 6)1 16)3 26)2 28. a2 Wihe number "14978 a 672" Is divisible | Tywuhat is the value of 'a' ? The number of integers between 200 and: divisible by 2,3 and 7 is (2 114 a9 3114) 40 2/3 of members of a committee are wom 1/4 of male members are married. ft are 9 unmarried male members in t committee, how many members are th: inthe committee? @ 1)32 2)36 3)28 4) 42 Ifdigit '' is placed after a two-digit num! whose tens digit 't' and units digit is ' then the number is (201 1) 10t+ 41 2) 100t+10p +1 3)1000t+102+1 4) t+ p41 The least number to be multiplied by 1764 So that the result is a perfect square ? a i (20 4)10 321415 (200: 27 39 48 A number leaves 83 as the remainder wh divided by 123. What will be the remaind, if the same number is divided by 41 ? (20 1)2 2)7 3)1 40 Ina fraction, the numerator is 8 less th the denominator. If 3 is added to thi numerator, the fraction becomes 2/3, th the fraction is (2 1715 2)2/5 = 3)3/11 ay 7146 It costs Rs. 1000 to make first 1000 copi of a book and Rs. x to make eae subsequent copy. Itis costed total Rs. 72: tomake8000copiesthenx=? (20 1)0.89 2)0.92 3)0.72 4)0.80 73 8)2 93 104 17)4 18)4 19)2 20)3 27)2 28)4 29)2 30)2RR th teet eden, INTRODUCTION Common Divisor: A number which exactly divides all the given numbers is @ "Common Divisor" of those numbers. Thus 3 is a common divisor of 24, 48, 63 and 81. Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) : The greatest number that exactly divides all the given numbers is "GCD" of those numbers. Thus 6 is the GCD of 18, 36 and 4a, thod of factors: GED :The product of all the prime factors: common to all the given numbers Is their GCD, Ex: 1) Find the GCD of 40, 56 and 72 Sol: 40=2x2x2x5 S6=2x2x2x7 72=2x2x2x3x3 GCD=2x2x2- Ex:2) Findthe GCDof a Sol: 182+ 13x 14-1359 ype" 273= 13x21 =13x7x3 455 =13x35=13xK7x5 “ GCD=13x7=91 Method of Division to find GCD : Divide the larger number with the smaller lumber, the divisor by the remainder, divide the earlier ivisor by the remainder and so on till the remainder '; The last divisors the "@CD" of the two numbers, Ex:3) Find the GCD of 72and 120, 72)120(1 72 48) 72(1 48 24) 48 (2 48 2 3: Find /{wo Blimbers as G, and find the 4@ third number and so on, The laSt GCD obtainet! is the GCD of all the given :4) Find the GCD of 273, 325 and 403 2 273) 325 (1 273 52) 273 (5 260 13) 52 (4 52 0 13 is the GCD of 273, 325 13) 403 (31 403 0 ++ 13s the GCD of 273, 325 and 403,Ex:5) What is the side of the largest possible | So! The greatest number that divides 168, 2 square slab which can be paved on the ‘and 300 to leave same remainder is GCD) floor of a room 5m, 92cm long and 4m 81 cm broad ? Sol: The side of the largest possible slab => the highest number divides 592 em and 481 cm exactly. 481) 592 (1 481 411) 481 (4 444 37) 1113 141 0 87 om is the side of maximum possible square slab. Ex:6) Whatisthe GCD of 0.36, 4.8, 0.72 and 2.4? Sol; _ Ensure the same number of decimal places in ll the given numbers L.e 0.36, 4.80, 0.72 ‘and2.40. Find the GCD as ifthey are integers GCD of 36, 480, 72 and 240 is 42 Mark the decimal in accordange, with the number of decimal places inthe, given numbers 1 GCD=0.12 Ex:7) Find the greatest 116, 149 and 186 to 4,5 and 10 respectively. Sol; The greatest number required = GCD of (116-4), (149-5), (186-10) = GCD of 112, 144and 176 412 22x 2K2X7K2 444 =2x2x2K2xK3x3 at will divide the remainders 176=2x2x2x2x11 2 GOD =2k2x2x2=16 Ex: 8) What is the greatest number that will divide 168, 201 and 300 soas to leave the same remainder in each case 2 (201 — 168), (300-201) and (300-168) = GCD of 33, 99 and 132 33=3x11 99=3x3x11 4392=3x2x2x11 “=, Required number =3x 11 =33 Common Multiple : A number which is exactl divisible by all the given numbersis "Commo multiple". Thus the common multiple of 4,5, 6 Bis 120. Thus 12 is a common milltiple of 3, 4 and 6. 24iGa eommon multiple of 3, 4 and 6. a6{sa.common multiple of 3, 4 and 6. But 12is the least common multiple (LCM) of 4 and 6. u iv bo Method | - Method of factors : The product of highest power of all the factors that occur in given numbers is their LCM. Ex:9) Find the LCM of 12, 15 and 40. Sol: 12=2x2x3=2?x3 15=3x5=3x5 40 =2x2x2x5=2Xx5 Here, the prime factors appear in the gi numbers are 2, 3, 5. Their highest po are 2°, 3.and 5. *, LOM = 29x 3x5 = 120 Method I! : Write all the given numbers in a Divide them by one of the prime numbers 2, 7,11 ete. which divided atleast two given numb Write down the quotients and the other undivi numbers in a row below the first. Repeat @ process till you get a row of numbers, which prime to each otherThe product of all the divisors and the in the last row is their LCM. Ex: 10) What is the LCM of 24, 36, 64, 807 Atany level of this method, we may cancel any number, which is a factor of other number in the same row. 2/12, 18, 32, 40 3] 6, 9, 16, 20 2] 2, 3, 16, 20 2} 3, 8, 10 3,4,5 LOM =2x2x3x2x2x3x4x5=2880 Ex: 11) What is the LOM of 8, 12, 15 and 187 Sol: 218, 12, 15, 18 214, 6,15, 9 312, 3,15, 9 2 5,3 LOM =2x2x3x2x5x3=360 Ex: 12) Whatis the LCM of 0.12, 0.15, 0.2and0.54? Sol: Ensure the same number of decimal pl in all the given numbers, i.e. 0.12, 0.15, and 0.54. ‘ Find the LCM as if they a ers LOM of 12, 15, 54is Mark the de cordance with the number of di ces in the given numbers. 2. LOM = 5.40 =5.4 Ex: 13) What is the least number that leaves 1 as Sol: the remainder in each case when divided by 4, 5,6, 8and 10? 4,5, 6, 8, 10 (Neglecting 4 and in the group) LOM =2x3x4x5= 120 Required number that leaves 1 as remainder =120+1= 121 Ex: 14) Find the least number that leaves 3 as the remainder in each case when divided by 8, 12 and 16 and leaves no remainder when divided by 7? Ex: 16) What is the greatest number of 3 digits, Sol : the product of their LCM and GCD. Le. Ifa, b are two numbers then 16 (Neglecting 8 in the group) 2/12, 16 2/6, 8 3,4 LOM =2x2x3x4=48 ‘The number leaves 3 as the remainder =484+3=51 but itis not divisible by 7 Next number leaves 3 as the remainder = (48x2)+3=99 itis also not divisible by 7 Next number leaves 3 as the remainder = (48x divit 2. The {uit number = 147 is the least number of five digits that exacily divisible by 4, 12 and 157 LOM of 4, 12 and 15=60 The least number of five digits = 10000 But 10000 is not exactly divisible by 60. It leaves 40 as remainder <, 10000 + 20 = 10020 is the least number Of five digits exactly divisible by 4, 12.and 15 a= 147 when divided by each of 3, 4, 5and6 leaves the remainder 2 in each case ? LCM of 8, 4, 5 and 6 = 60 The greatest number of 3 digits is 999, leaves 39 as remainder, when divided by 60. The greatest number of 3 digits exactly divisible by 3, 4, 5 and 6 = 999-39 = 960 Required number = 960 +2 = 962 @ product of two numbers Is equal to axb=LCM (a, b)x GCD (a, b)Ex: 17) The LCM and GCD of two numbers are 2310 and 30 respectively. If one of the numbers is 210, what is the other number? adic S 5°10 15 Sol: 210xb=(LCMxGCD) 210xb=2310x30 = b=330 Sol: GCDof Ex: 18) Whatis the least number when divided by 223 4 5,7. and13 leaves 3, 5and 11 as remainders $10 15 respectively ? Sol: Divisor: 5, 7, 13 GCDof23and4 1 Remainder 3, 5, 11 Difference =2, 2,2 Required number = (LCM of 5, 7and 13)—2 GCDofnumerator A ad im Ex: 19) Whatis the LCM of LCM of 4.5.7 Find the GCD of 24, 56 and 72. =455-2=453 possible 2 ¢ LcMofnumerator Sol: Given26 isthe GCD of two numbers LOM of actions = GCDef denominator the two nUMbEFS are ofthe form 6 a and 266. GCD of fractions = LCMot ‘denominator = GCD of 5,6,15 is Ex: 20) Find the GCD of a = LCM of 5,10and 15 ~ 30 Ex: 21) The sum of two numbers is 130 and th GCD is 26. How many such pairs at 26a +26b=130 = atb=5 The combinations (1)a=1,b=4 and (2)a=2,b=3are possible =, Two such pairs can be formed. Find the GCD of 299, 325, 403. a: ne 28 36 ae 418 216 -3)13 5, What is the side of the largest pos “ind the GED of 273, 455 and 546. square piece that can be cut froma cl » 27 iy 4108 of 4m, 48 cm long and 3m, 64 cm broad isn 5 7a arid 130. 4)280m 2)31cm 3)37cm 4) 34 ze #2 6 Whatis the GCD of 24, 48, 72. > 4)22 224 3364) 82) 4f eae ae Pett a --s— ses aeFind the greatest number that will divid 116, Find the least number when divided by 12, 149 and 188 to leave the remainders 4,5 and 16and 20 eaves 1 as the remainder but when 12respectively divided by 7, leaves no remainder ? 112 2y14 1)726 2)728 3)18 4) 16 3721 4)798 8. Whatisthe greatestnumberthatwill divide | 1. What is the least number of five digits that 169, 202 and 301 so as to leave the same 'sexactly divisible by 12, 15 and 16? remainder in each case ? 1) 10060, 2) 10078 1)37 2)35 3) 10080 4) 10040 3)33 4)38 16 What is the greatest number of 3 digits, when divided by 4, 5, 6 and 10 leaves a 8. Find the LCM of 12, 15. and 20 remainder of 3, 2 and 7 respectively ? 1)120 2)180 4931 2)938 3)60 4) 90 3) 967 4)961 10. Whatis the LOM of 12, 18, 32, 402 17. The LCMand GCD of two numbers are 2310 and 30 respectively. If the first number gas eraeS 1s 330, fi second number ? 3) 1440 4) 1280 2)210 11. Whatis the LOM of 8, 12, 15 and 36? 4)280 1)380 2)360 5/6 and 8/15? 3)370 4) 365 2) 40 12, What is the LOM of 0.15, 0.2and0.542 4) 1/60 152 28 19. Find the GCD of 2/5, 3/16 and 4/7 3)2.7 we 4) 4. a : as i ee 13. Whats the least number when divided by y ) 5, 6, 8 and 10 I@aves 2s the remainder in | 20. The sum of two numbers is 162 and their each case? GCD is 27. How many such pairs are possible ? 112 2)122 ae ; 1)2 2)3 3) 123 4) 127 ah ice 2 2)3 32 43 5)1 2 74 83 93 193 12° 12)3°-13)2 1493 15)3. 16)3 17/2 183 19)4 2021, Find the least number that leaves 2 as the remainder when divided by 4, 5, 6, 8 and 10? 1)60 2) 122 3) 120 4) 121 2. Find the least number which when divided by 56, 80, and 88 leaves 2 as the remainder ineach case? 1)3960 2)7920 3) 7922 4)6162 3. Find the least square number which is exactly divisible by 4, 5,8 and 10? 1)900 2)3600 3)400 4) 1200 4, Find the number between 600 and 750 which is exactly divisible by 12, 15 and 18 ? 1)780 2)760 3)720 4) 820 5. Find the least number, which increased by 5 is divisible by 32, 36 and oe 1) 1435 1446 3) 1445, 4) 9447 6. Find the least num! 4 divided by 16, 20. 25 and 45 leaves 2 as the remainder in each case ? 1)3603 2) 7206 3)7208 4) 3602 What is the least number of 4 digits when vided by 4, 5, 6 and 7 leaves 2 as the ainder? y 2) 1262 : 4) 1260 ‘reatest number of five digits, te by 15, 18 and 20? 2)99900 4) 99980 14, Four bells ring at intervals of 10, 12, 15 and 20 minutes respectively. They ring together at 6 A.M. At what time will they again ring together? 1)6.30 AM. 2)7.20AM. 3)7.00 AM. 4)8.00 AM. Find the least number of poles, such that ‘they can be arranged in rows of 6, 12, 16, 18. and 24 exactly ? 172 2) 288 3)96 4) 144 What is the 6€0 of 36, 72 and 96 ? 1)24 a 2) tz "4/16 Is the GCD of 715 and 1001? 2143 3)286 4) 196 Find the greatest number that will divide 11 149 and 180 to leave the remainders 6, 5 4respectively ? 1)92 2)48 319 4) 16 Find the maximum number of girls amor whom 507 pencils and 741 books can distributed equally ? 1)13 2)39 3)78 4) 117 What is the greatest possible length of scale, that can be used to measure e? three blocks of wood of lengths 240 ci 336 cm and 432 cm ? 1) 120m 2) 960m 3) 48cm 4) 240m.16. Three numbers are in the ratio 13:20:27, | 22. The LCM and GCD of two numbers are The GCD of those numbers is 21. What is 240 and 16 respectively. If the two numbers the smallest number of the three 7 are in the ratio 3 : 5, the numbers are 1)273 2)272 (2007) 3271 4)270 1) 24, 40 2)21,35 17. The GCD of two numbers is 36 and their 3)36, 60 4) 80, 48 product is 15552. What is their LOM 7 19108 ene 23. The GCD and LCM of two numbers are ) 66 and 384. If one of the numbers divided 3)364 4) 432 by 2 gives the result as 192, what is the 18 What is the least number that leaves 2 as second number ? (2006) the remainder when divided by 4, 6, 8, 12 1)66 2)196 and 16? (2007) 1)46 2)48 3)33 4)192 3)50 4)52 24. The greatest possible length of a scale which 19. What is the least positive square number fan be used to measure exactly the length exactly divisible by 12, 15, 20 and 247 1m 20 cm, 9m, 1m 5 cm and 1m 65 cm is (2007) js (2006) 1)3600 2)4900 1) 35cm" » 2)250m 3)6400 4)8100 cm 4)150m 20. aT number of five digits exactly cal hater cw Erd oy y 456 is (20 a ind 12. If one of the numbers is 72, 1) 10000 2) 10012 lat is the second number ? (2004, 2003) 3) 10032 4) 10056, ie 2)96 21. The GCD and LCM of two nui are 66 and 384 respectively. If the fir is 3) 168 4)84 divided by 2, the answer 1g86. The second number i (2007) 1)192 3)384 4)576 12 2)4 3)3 43 5)m 64 72 82 93 104 11)2 12)2 134 14)2 15)3 16)1 17)4 18)3 191 203 21)1 22)4 23)1 244 25)4Ex:t) Sol: Ex:2) Sol: Ex:3) Sol: FORMULAE Distance Time 2) Distance = Speed x Time 4) Speed = Distance 3)Time = Sheed 4)'a’ ene ree 18 18 5)'a' m/sec = 9X". kmph. EXAMPLES The speed of a bus is 25 m/sec. What is its speed in kmph ? 18 25 misec = 25 =90 kang i “a iy a In how many hourgifbls covers 324 km at30m/sec? | 18 Speed = 30x 324 = Tog =3hvs. Distance _ Time = “Speed Acar covers half of the journey at 30 kmph and the remaining distance at 10 kmph. What is the average speed of the car for the whole journey ? Since the distance covered by speeds 30 kmph and 10 kmph are equal, 2x30x10 215 yh so. average speed = TIME AND DISTANCE SHORTCUT METHOD Average Speed : If a body covers certain distance at'a' kmph and an equal distance at'b' kmph, then the average speed for the. whole journey is 2ab_ oboe Ex: 4) Ramya takes 6 hours in walking toa certai placeandriding back. However she would have gained 2 hours had she rided bot the ways. How eee Ha ia ow Sol: Let W'iegand leis. be the times taken b awalking and riding the distances = . Using in (1)W+2=6 = W=4hrs -, Time taken by Ramya to walk both ways = 444 =8 hrs. The speed of a car including stoppages! 60 kmph. and without stoppages it is kmph. How many minutes per hour di the car stop? Ex:5) Sol: Let the car stop for't' mins. in 1 hour Distance = 72[60 — t] = 60(60) a 72t = 12x60 t=10min «, The car stops for 10 min. in one hour A bus travels a distance of 400 km. in 1 hours, partly at 40 kmph. and partly at kmph. Find the distance travelled at kmph? Let the distance travelled at 30 kmph be: x km. Then the bus travelled (400 - x) km. at kmph Ex: 6) Sol:(400-x) Total time = fotal time 40 3(400-x)+4x_ 120 =) x= 240 km A and B start together to ride a certain distance at speeds 30 kmph, and 20 kmph. Find the distance they ride, if one takes 10 minutes longer than the other ? Sol: Let x km. is the distance travelled by them Given, the difference between times taken 12 Ex:7) by them is 10 min, hy! ©. X= 10km \ 8. Mr. Ramu covers two-thirds ofhiis journey at 40 kmph and the remaining distance.at 20 kmph. fhe jours int gift is the toal jou ‘ Sol: Let 'D'kmis the a v, D=300km If S, and S, are the speeds of two bodies, then their relative speed (apparent speed) = S,+ S,, if they are moving in opposite direction OK Hor) x The relative speed = S, - S., if they are moving in the same direction 7s, sy Ex:9) The speeds of two buses started from A and Bat the same time towards each other are 40 and 30 kmph. respectively. The distance between A and B is 280 km. At what distangé from A will the two buses Sol ex > B ® 40Kinph 30kmph “STheir relative speed = 40 + 50=70 kmph Distance _ 280 _ ee Sed 70.1 hrs. They meet after 4 hours, at a distance = 40 x 4 = 160 km from ‘A’ Ex: 10) The distance between two cities X andY is 430 km. A bus starts from X toY at 6 a.m. at 40 kmph. and another bus starts fromY for X at 10 a.m. at 50 kmph. When will they meet ? Sol: “Bus from City X starts at 6 a.1m.and the other bus from city Y starts at 10 a.m. In these 4 hrs. the first bus covers = 4x40 = 160 kmAs at 10 a.m.: The distance between the buses = 430 - 160 = 270 km Relative speed = 40 + 50 = 90 kmph (opposite direction) ‘The speed of a train is 45 kmph. Whatis its speed in m/sec ? 1) 16 m/sec 2) 12m/sec 3)14.5m/sec 4) 12.5 m/sec The speed of a bus Is 40 m/sec. What is its speed in kmph ? 4) 12 kmph 2) 144 kmph 3) 196 kmph 4) 135 kmph Infhow many hrs. a bus covers 450 km @ 50 misec ? 1 1) 3hrs. 2) 25 hrs." 3)4hrs. 3 firs. Abus takes 45 min. er a distance of 60 km. In how many minutes it covers the same distance if the speed Is reduced by 20 kmph 2 1)thr, 2)2hrs. 3)3hrs. 4) 4hrs. ‘Acar covers half of a journey at 40 kmph and the remaining distance at 10 kmph. Whats the average speed of the car for the whole journey ? 1)12kmph 2)16kmph 3) 18kmph 4) 24 kmph Ravi goes to city ¥ from city X at 20 kmph and returns the same distance at 60 kmpi:. Ifhe takes 3 hrs. in all, what is the: distance between X andY ? en See er 10. Distance ar Speed =——=3 00 hrs. ‘+. They take 3 hours from 10 a.m. i.e. th will meet at 1 p.m. Acar travels first 450 km. at 90 kmph. the remaining 750 km, at 50 kmph, What the average speed of the car for the wh journey ? nM 2) 40 kmph a) 80 kmph h covered one-fourth of a journey: 30 knph, one-third of the journey at 50 km ‘remaining at 62.5 kmph. What erage speed for the whole journey 1 1) 47.5 kmph 2)4675 kmph 2 3) 46 kmph 4)48;75 kmph Lavanya takes 6 hours in walking toa place and riding back. However she have gained 2 hours if she had rided the ways. How long would she take to both the ways ? 4)16hrs. 2) 12hrs. 3)10hrs, 4) 8 hrs. The speed of a car including stoppages 36 kmph. and without stoppages it is kmph. How many minutes per hour did car stop ? 4)12min. 2) 15min. 3) 16min. ° 4) 20 mit Walking at 6/7 of his usual speed, a reaches his schoo! 4 min. late. What is: usual time taken by the boy to reach same distance ? 4) 40 min. 2) 48min. 3) 30 min. 4)24mi12. Abus travels a distance of 300 km. in 6 hrs. Partly at 40 kmph. and partly at 35 kmph. Find the distance travelled at 35 kmph ? 1) 160 km 2) 120km 3)140km 4) 180 km Ravi and Raju start together to ride a certain distance with speeds 18 kmph. and 15 kmph. Find the distance they ride, if one of them took 20 minutes longer than the other ? 1)30km. 2)60km. 3)90km. 4) 120 km. A bus reaches its destination 10 min. early when it drives at 25 kmph. and 5 min. late, it it drives at 20 kmph. What is the distance travelled by the bus ? 1)20km 2)25km 3)30km 4)35km Rajesh covers two-third of his journey at 40 kmph. and the remaining distance at 20 kmph. if he takes 16 hours in all, what is the total journey in kms. ? 1) 480 km 2) 340 km 3)400km 4) 440 km The speeds of two buses which started from two towns A and B at the same time towards each other are 66 and 42 kmph. respectively. The distance between A and Bis 540 km. At what distance from A will the two buse: tee? %, 1) 270 km. 3) 320 km. 2)210 km. The distance between cities P and @ is 340 km. A bus starts from P for Q at 6 a.m. at 40 kmph. and another bus starts from Qfor Pat 10 a.m, at 50 kmph. When will they meet ? 1) 4PM, 2) 120 clock 4)5PM ‘8 start from A towards B, one at 8a.m. at 15 kmph. and the other at 10 a.m. at 27 kmph. At what time will they meet ? 1) 12.00 noon 2) 11.40 A.M. 3) 11.30 A.M, 4) 12.30 PM. The speeds of a car and a bus are in the ratio 3: 4. If the bus covers a certain distance in 24 minutes, how many minutes will it take for the car to cover the same distance ? 118 2)32 3) 16 4)14 's a certain distance in 30 many minutes, will it cover the same distandé; if its speed increases by 3)25 4)20 6)1 73 8)4 11)4 12)2 13)1 16)4 17)2 184 9)4 14)2 19)2 5)2 10)2 15)1 20)3( EXERCISE - 2 } 10. The average speed of a car is 45 km Acar covers a distance of 540 km. is 30 hrs. What is its speed in mps. ? 1105 315. 4)20 Abicycle covers 30min 24 sec. Whats Its speed in kmph ? 19 2)4 3)4.5 4)16 Acar covers a distance of 720 km. at50 mps. i scented AEB: 1)4 22 3)1 4)5 Abus coversa distance in 45 min., ifitturns at a speed of 60 kmph, The speed at which the bust must run to make the time of journey to 30 min. is kmph. ? 160 -2)120« «390 4) 65 Acar takes 75 min. to cover a distance of 80 km, In how many minutes can it cover the game distance if the speed Is reduced by 4 kmph ? 145 -2)50 960 480 Acar travelled from Ato Bat 60kmph. and returns the same distance at 40 kmph. What is the average speed of the car forthe whole journey ? , 4) 24 kmph 3) 36 kmph Acar covers halt of and the rest at 12 kmph, If It takes § hrs. in all, what is the total length of the journey in km ? 136 2)72 9) 18 4) 144 Raju goes to city A from city Bat 30 kmph and returns to B from A at 20 kmph. If he takes 10 hours in all, what is the distance between the two cities A and B ? 1) 240 km 2) 100 km 3) 120km. 4) 60km Karim takes 8 hrs. in walking to a certain place and riding back. However he would have gained 3 hrs. had he rided both the ways. How long would he take in walking both the ways ? 4)6hrs. 2)8hrs. 3) 9hrs. 4) 14 brs. ~ Two cars start at the sam 15. without stoppages and with stoppages it 36 kmph. How many minutes per hour the car stop ? 1) 10min, 2) 15 min. 3) 30 min. 4) 12min, ‘The speed of a vehicle is 50 kmph exclu the stoppages and it is 45 kmph. includ the stoppages. How many minutes per did the vehicle stop ? 4) 10min. 2) 12min. 3) 6 min. 4)8 min. Walking at 4/5\of his usual speed Ra reaches his office 12 minutes late. What the usual time taken by him to cover same distance ? 2) 36 min 4) 48 min. from A B towards each other, The speeds of are 64 kmph. and 46 kmph. By the time two cars meet, one car had covered 90 more than the other. What Is the dista between A and B? 1) 400 km. 2) 850 km.3) 120 km. 4) 250 Gopal covers one-third of his journey 20 kmph, and the rest at 40 kmph. If he’ 42 hours in all, what is the total journe km? 4) 240km 2)360km 3) 400 km. 4) 250 distance from ‘A’ 4) 146 km 2)204 km 9)170km 4) 200 The distance between A and B is 305 Atrain starts from A towards B at 20 at 6 a.m. Another train starts from B at 25 kmph at 10a.m.When will they 1)2pm. 2)3p.m. 3)6pm. 4)4pH ——21. 23. Two cars start from A towards B; one at 5 a.m. at the rate of 27 kmph. Another car starts at 8 a.m. at 36 kmph. At what time will the two cars meet ? 1)2pm. 2)6pm. 3)4pm. 4)5p.m. Acar reaches its destination 18 min. late when it drives at 40 kmph and 24 min. late when it drives at 30 kmph. What is the distance between the two stations ? 1)6km. 2) 12km. 3)4km. 406km. David walks from his house at 4 kmph. and reaches his schoo! 6 min. early. The next day he decreases his speed to3 kmph. and reaches late by 9 min. How faris the school from the house ? 1)2km —2)3km 3)4km 4) 6km Ravirides by acycleat8kmph. After every 10 km. he takes rest for 20 minutes. How long does it take to cover 40 km. by him ? 1) 5 hrs. 2) S hrs. 20 min. 3) 6 hrs, 4) 6 hrs, 20 min. Rakesh goes to his office at 3 kmph. and returns at the ite of 2 kmph. If he takes 30 min. in all, then the distance of office from home is 1)1.2km. 2) 0.4 km. 3)0.72km 4) 0.6 Two bicycle riders cover a certain distance, at the rate of 32 kmph. and 30 kmph. One rider takes 16 min. more thanthe other. What is the distance they ride ? 1) 120km 2) 128kmm}9) 160 km 49/448 km Mohan travels {at the rate of 30 kmp! reaches pl ria Ithe travels at the rate of 40 kmph, ié reaches 15 min. early. The distance travelled by him is. 1)20km. 2)30km. 3)60km. 4) 90km. ifthe car travels a distance of 480 km. in 12 hrs., partly at a speed of 60 kmph. and partly 25. A bus travelled a distance of 300 km, in 8 hrs. partly at 60 kmph and the remaining at 24 kmph. Find the time it travelled at 24 kmph ? 1) 6 hrs, 3) Shrs. 30 min. 2) 5 hrs. 4) 2 hrs. 26. Pranav has to travel 84 km. distance in 1 hr. 20 minutes, He travels 60 km. distance at 90, kmph. At what speed (in kmph) has he to cover the remaining distance to complete the journey in the stipulated duration ? 1) 30 kmph 2)36 kmph 3)45 kmph 4) 40 kmph 27. The speed ofa jeep anda car are in the ratio 4:7. Ifthe car covers a certain distance in 56 min, in how many minutes the jeep covers the same distance ? 1)32 jas 3) 16 4)49 28. A cat'started.at 8 a.m. with 65 kmph. and another car follows it at 9 a.m. with 70 kmph ed. Then the two cars will meet in the everning at (2006) aA 2)6 3)8 4)10 Ais twiceas fast as B and Bis thrice as fast as C. Distance covered by Cin 1 hr. will be covered by A in how many minutes ? (2005) 110s 31/6 — 4)30 30. Aperson travels 120km by ship, 450 km by train and 60 km. by horse. The total time of Journey is 9 hours. The speed of the train is. 1 3 times that of horse and iS times that of ship. What is the speed of the train ? at 30 kmph, find the distance travelled at 60 (in kmph) (2004) — 130 2)60 390-4) 120 1)240km 2) 180 km 3) 200 km 4) 160 km 2 23 3)1 4)3 5)4 6)2 72 8)3 9)4 10)4 11)3° 12)4 13)2 14)2 15)3 16)2 17)4 18)2 19)2 20)3 21)4 22)2 23)3 24)1 25)2 26)2 27)1 + 28)4 29)1 30)3:1) How many secont obs Sol: In case a train passes a tree (or) a telegraph pole (or) falg staff (or) a stationary man: the distance = length of the train. ds will a train of 100 metres long running at the rate of 36 kmph take to pass a telegraph pole ? 5 ‘Speed = 36 kmph = 385 10 m/sec Distance _ 100 _19 Time= “Speed 10 sec Incase train crosses platiorm (or) @ bridge (or) ariver (or)a tunnel Distance = [Lengtfiof the ts idge (Or), + [Length of bri river] 5 How many seconds will a train of 120 metres long running at 48 kmph take to cross. platform of 160 metres length ? 2 48x2= nee Te Distance = 120 + 160 = 280m Distance _ 280 _ 280 Distant’ = = ——x3 a oe. - = 3 = 21sec Sol : Atrain is running at 63 kmph. In how seconds will It cross a man running opposite direction at 9 kmph, if the len: of the train is 200m? Relative speed of train and man 25, #8; =63+9 5 si = TX =20 m/ 72 kmph 18 m/sec Distance = lefiath of the train only = 200 [Since the length of man is negligible) mance _ 200 _ 19 sec qitime = 20 & : Speed train takes 18 sec. to cross a Mi “running In the same: direction at 12 km if tho epeed of the train is 92 kmph, is the length of the train ? n=92-4 =80 Relative speed of train and mal They are moving in the same direct 5 _ 200 max age age Length of the train = Distance = Speed «Til 0183 9 ‘Twotrains cross each other in 25 sec, they are running in opposite direction. speeds of two trains are 42 kmph 30 kmph respectively. If the length first train is 280 m, what is the le the second train ? Ex:5)Ex: 6) newauve speed = 42 +30 = 72 kmph 5 = 72x—=20 ig m/sec Time = 25 sec The distance 500 m is the total length of the two trains 280+ Ly = 500 ~. The length of second train = 220 m Two trains of 480 m and 520 m long are Tunning in the same direction. They cross each other in 180 sec. If the ‘speed of the ‘slower train is 48 kmph, what is the speed of the fasier train? Sol Distance = 480 + 520 = 1000 m Time = 180 sec +. (Relative) Speed Distance _ 1000 tine ~igp 10018 ek eee 8,-S8,=20 S,=20+48 = 68 kmph is the speed of the faster train 1 A How many seconds will a train 400 metres long running at the rate of 48 kmph take to passa telegraph pole ? 1) 25 sec. 2) 30 sec. 3) 40 sec. 4) 48 = How many seconds will a train 220 m long running at 72 kmph take to crossa platform of 180 metres length ? iN bath 8 Cc. 1) 18 sec, 2) 18 se sec. Atrain of 200 m. crosses abridge in 25 sec. Ifthe speed of the: $54 kmph, what is the length of the bri 1) 108 km. 2) 110 km. 3)165 km. 4) 175 km. Atrain is running at 60 kmph. in how many Seconds will It cross a man running in opposite direction at12 kmph, If the length of the train 1s 200 m ? 1) 18 sec. 2) 15 sec. 3) 10sec, 4) 8 sec. Atrain takes 18 sec. tocross aman running In the same direction at 12 kmph. If the speed of the train is 92 kmph, what is its length? 1)400m 2)440m 3)500m 4) 480m | f lit, Two trains on parallel lines are In how many h other, if they moving in the same direction ? 1)4min. 2)6min. 3)8min. 4) 10min. Two trains cross each other in 25 sec, when they are running in opposite direction. The ‘speeds of two trains are 42 kmph and 30 kmph. respectively. If the length of the first train Is 280 m, what Is the length of the second train ? 1)180m 2)360m 3)240m 4)220m Two trains of 440 m. and 560 m long are running in the same direction. They cross each other in 180 sec. If the speed of the slower train is 48 kmph, what Is the speed of the fater train ? 1) 48 kmph, 2) 68 kmph 3)72kmph 4) 92kni¢h A train crosses a bridge 140 m jong in 15 sec, and another bridge of 200 m, length in 18 sec. What is the length of the train ? 1)160m 2)140m 3)200m 4)120m‘Two trains are moving in the same direction at 60 kmph and 36 kmph respectively. The faster train crosses a manin the slower train in 24 sec. What is the length of the faster train? 1)120m 2)140m 3)160m 4) 180m A train of 200 m. length passes a tree in 10 sec. and It crosses another train of double the length travelling in opposite direction in 12 sec. What is the speed of the second train ? 1) 96 kmph 2) 109kmph 3) 108 kmph 4) 15 kmph ‘Twotrains cross each other in 16 sec, if they move in opposite direction and in 36 sec, If they move in the same direction. What is the ratio between the speed of the faster train to that of the slower one ? 4)11:5 2)13:5 9)14:9 49:7 5) 1. 13)4 12 4)3 9)1 2)3 10)3 3)4 1173 4 gs A train 300 m. long is fisfining at 72 kmph. In how many seconds it will cross a telegraph pole ? 112 -2)15——3)20 4)10 The length of a train is 270m. Inhow many seconds it crosses a bridge of 100 m, if its speed is 36 kmph. ? 187 -2)34 3) 24 4)40 Atrain of 180 m. length crosses a platform in 20sec, If the speed of the train is54kmph, what is the length of the plattorm ? 1)100m 2)120m 3)108m 4) 150m ‘A train of 240 m crosses a platform in 12 sec. If the speed of the train Is 108 kmph, what is the length of the platform 7 1)100m. 2)140m, 3)110m. 4) 120m. 4)4 Atrain running at 108 kmph, crosses a man standing on a platform in 40 sec. What is) its length? 1) 1600m 2) 1400m 3)1100m 4) 1200m Two trains of lengths 420 m and 280 m are: moving in opposite direction with speeds 132 and 120 kmph. In how many seconds will they cross each other ? 112. 2)30 —-3)20 4)10 Atrain of 1400 m crosses a tree in 120 ser In how many seconds will it cross a bridg of 700 m length ? 1)160 2) 180 3)200 460 14 15)2 8)2 ‘Aman is running at the speed 4 kmph. train runs at 52 kmph. If the length of train is 200 m, how long does it take for train to overtake the man ? 1) 10sec 2) 15sec 3)18sec 4)20 A train running at a speed of 50 m crosses aman running in opposite direc! @ 5mpsin 10 sec. Whatis the length of train? 4)500m. 2)250m. 3)550m. 4) 400m A train takes 8 sec. to pass over @ running in opposite direction at 9 kmph. the speed of the train is 54 kmph whats length of the train (in meters) 7 1)120 2)140 «3200 4) 180 stilt aceite: Faetelegraph pole in 24 sec. What is the length of the train ? 1)120m 2)240m 3)360m 4) 480m Atrain passes through a tunnel of 50 m. in 30 sec. and it crosses platform of 180 min 45 sec. What Is the length of the train ? 1)180m 2)90m 3)210m 4) 140m Two trains of lengths 120 m and 180 mare running on parallel lines in the same direction, If thelr speeds are 30 kmph and 35 kmph respectively how long do they take to cross each other ? 1) 200 sec, 2) 196 sec. 3) 16 sec. 4)216 sec. Two trains of 270 m. and 150 m. lengths are running in the opposite directions, The speeds of the two trains are 40 kmph and 32 kmph. How long do they take to cross each other? 1) 42 sec. 2) 10.5 sec. 3) 20 sec. 4) 21 sec. Two trains are running on parallel lines i Opposite direction at 50 kmph and 22 kmph respectively. They take 15 sec, tocross each other. If the length of a train isd ie other, whats the lengthiof the sme ? 1)200m 2)100m 3)150m 4) 220m ‘Two trains of 760 m and’240 m are running inthe same direction. They cross each other in 180 sec. If the speed of the slower train is 18 kmph, then what is the speed of the faster train ? 1) 48 kmph, 2)38 kmph 3) 46 kmph 4) 40 kmph Two trains are moving in opposite direction on parallel lines at 38 kmph and 34 kmph. The faster train crosses aman in the slower train in 20 sec. What is the length of the faster train ? 1)600m 2)400m 3)250m 4)320m A train of length 150 metres takes 10 seconds to pass over another train of 100 metres long coming from the opposite direction. If the speed of the first train be 30 kmph., the speed of the second train is 1) 54 kmph 2) 60kmph 3) 72 kmph 4)36 kmph Two trains 450 m and 400 m long are going in the same direction at 15 km and 20 km per hour respectively. How long would it take for them to pass each other ? 1) 10 minutes 2) 10 minutes and 12 see, 3) 12 minutes 4) 12 minutes anid 10 sec =onds will a train 100 m long f:20 km per hour take to telegraph post ? 1)20sec 2) 12sec 3)18sec 4) 10 sec ithe rate of 35 m/sec a train crosses a platform of 600 mts. length in 30 seconds. What is the length of the train in metres ? 1) 400 2)200 3) 250 4) 450 A train of 120 m length Is running at 62 km Per hour. In what time will it cross a man ‘moving in the same direction at the rate of 8 kmph ? 1)8sec. 2) 10sec. 3) 12sec. 4) 14sec A passenger train running at a speed of 90 kmph leaves the station 6 hours after a goods train leaves and overtakes the goods train in 4 hours. The speed of the goods train is 1)36 kmph 2)38 kmph 3) 40 kmph 4)34kmph A train 420 m long passed a pole in 42 seconds. How long will It take to pass a platform of 180 m length ? 1) 18sec 2)1min. 3) 100sec, 4) 150 sec.PN 24, A train running at 36 mps passes a me walking In opposite direction @ 4 mps i 10 sec. What is the length of the train ? (2003) 4)400m 2)480m 3)360m 4)460m 25, train of 1200 m length running at 46 kmp crosses another train of 800 m running opposite direction in 72 sec. What is speed of the seconditrainin kmph ? (2008 4100 -2)54 9) 48 4)72 22. Atraintakes 8 socs to passa person stand: ing on the platform. Ifthe speed of the train ig36 Kmphits length inmetersis (2007) qyao 290-104) 18 23, A train of 300 m, crosses a platform of {900 m in 4 min. 12.8ec. What is the speed of the train, in kmph ? (2004) 445-2509) 85 4)60 93 10)4 414 12)2 13)2 14)2 15)2-INTRODUCTION If'a’ kmphis the speed ofa boat or aman in still water and if 'b' kmph is the speed of the current, then the speed of the man or boat. 1) Along the current with the current or down the current) = (a + b) kmph Ii) Against the current (up the current) ~b) kmph. 1 CN Ex: 1) A boat can row upstream at 6 kmph and down the stream at 12 kmph. Whatis the speed of the boat in still water ? Sol: a—b=6kmph a+b=12kmph :. a=9kmph Aman can row at 8 kmph in still water. in a stream which is flowing at 4 kmph, %, takes him 2 hours to row'to a place an row back. How far is the ? Sol: Let D km is thence betwee Ex: 2) the two points D Dee + = (a+b) @-b) BoD 4D Fee a2 D=6 pi gtte pee km . The distination is 6 km from the initial point Aboat can row 24 km down the stream in 4 hours. If the speed of flow is 2 kmph, find the time required for the boat to travel the same distance against the current 7 Sol: — Speed of the boat down the stream 24 = 56 4 78 kmph Ex: 4) Ex:5) a+b =6 kmph and b =2 kmph *a=4kmph Time taken by the boat to travel same distanes i.e, 24 km Distance 24 against he steam = og ap 24 te = G29 7 1? hours ‘The speed of a boat in still water is 8 kmph and the speed of the flow is 2 kmph. The boat travels from A to B down the stream and returns the same distance in 2hours. is the distance between Aand B? and speed of the boat up the flow = 8 2 =6kmph t'x’ km is the distance between A and B fen 2 Given 15+ =2 hrs. 8x So =2= x75 an x km ‘Aboat rows between two places down the stream in 2 hrs, and returns the same distance in 3 hrs, If the speed of the flow is 2 kmph. What is the speed of the boat in still water ? SHORT CUT METHOD Distance between two placesis same in both the cases => speed x time is same in both the cases (a+b)2=(a—b)3 = a=5b Given b = 2 kmph :. a=5x2= 10 kmph isthe speed of the boat in still waterPN ails ‘A boat can row upstream at 10 kmph. and down the stream at 24 kmph. What is the speed of the boat in still water ? 4) 13kmph 2)17kmph 3) 19kmph 4)21 kmph Aman can row down the stream at 20 kmph. The speed of flow is 6 kmph. What is the speed of the man against the stream ? 1)8kmph 2)10 kmph 3) 16 kmph 4) 21 kmph 3. Aman ean row 8 kmph in still water. In a stream which is flowing at 4 kmph, it takes him 2 hours to row both ways. How far is the place ? 1)2km 2)4km 9) 12km_4)6 km ‘The speed of a boat is 24 kmph against the current and it Is 32 kmph with the current. What is the speed of the flow ? 1)10km 2)6km —9)4km 4) 5 km 5. A boat can row 3 km up the stream in 36 minutes and down the stream in 18 minutes. What Is the speedof the boat in still water ? 1) 4.5kmph 92) kmph ~ 3) 7.5 kmph 6. Aboat can row 24! 4hours. Ifthe jow is 2 kmph, find the time required for the boat to travel the same distance against the current ? 4)18hrs, 2)12hrs. 3) 15hrs. 4)24hrs. 7. Thespeed of a boat in still water is 15 kmph and the speed of the flow is 5 kmph. The boat travels from A to B down the stream and returns the same distance in 3 hours. What is the distance between A and B ? 1)18km 2)19km 3)20km_ 4)21 km 8 _ Thespeed of the boatn still water is 8 kmph. Ittakes the boat thrice as long to row up the stream as to row down the stream. Whatis the speed of the stream ? 1) 3kmph 2)4kmph 3)5kmph 4) 6 kmph A boat rows between two places down tl stream in 4 hrs.and returns: the sai distance in hrs, If the speed of the flow 2kmph what is the speed of the boatin st water? 4) 18 kmph. 2)8 kmph 3) 1 kmph 4) 12kmph. 40. The speed of a boat in still water is 20 kmp and Its speed against current is 8 kmp What is the speed of the boat along t! current? 4) 32 kmph 2) 16 kmph 3) 12kmph 4) 18 kmph 11. The speed of a boat with the current 926 kmph. andits speed against the currer is 20,kmph. What s the speed of the boat » still water ? 4) 23 kmph 2)11.5kmph 3) 25 kmph 4) 12.5 kmph 42. Aboat rows at 10 kmph against the cur and the speed of flow Is 4 kmph. What the speed of the boat down the current 2 2)16kmph 4) 16.5 kmph | 1) 12 kmph 3) 18kmph 13. Aman rowsagainst current is 10 kmph at with the current it is 15 kmph. What is a velocity of the stream? 4) 2.5kmph 2)2kmph 3)3kmph 4)4kmph 44. A boat can row 4 km In 24 minutes alo the current and the speed of the curren! 3 kmph. What is the speed of the boat the current? 1)4.8kmph 2) 4kmph. 3)5kmph 4)6kmphA boat can row & km up the stream in 60 minutes and down the stream in 30 minutes. What is the speed of the current ? 4) 2kmph 2)3kmph 3)2.5 kmph 4) 3.5 kmph ‘A boat goes 36 km with the stream in 6 hours and it goes 40 km against the stream in 8 hours. What is the speed of the boat in still water ? 1)5.5 kmph 3)7kmph A boat can row 48 km. down the stream in Shours. If the speed of flow is 2 kmph find the time required for the boat to travel the same distance against the flow ? 1)20hrs. 2)24hrs. 4) 6hrs, 2) 11 kmph 4) 8kmph 3) 12hrs, 41)1 12)3°13)1 16)1 17)2 18)3 18. Aboat can rowa certain distance down the streams in 6 hours and returns to the same position in 9 hours. If the stream flows at the rate of 2 kmph find the speed of the boat in still water 2 1) 20 kmph. 2)5kmph 3) 10 kmph 4)7.5 kmph A boat can row between two places up the stréam in 5 hours and It covers the same distance down the stream in 3 hours. If the speed of the boat in still water is 8 kmph, what is the speed of current ? 1)2kmph 2)3kmph 3).4kmph 4) 1.kmph Aman can row 12 kmph in still water. It takes him twice as long to row up as to row down the river. Find the rate of stream ? 2)4kmph 4)3kmphINTRODUCTION ‘Two quantities are said to be in Direct proportion, when they are related to each other so that if one of them is multiplied or divided by anumber, the other is also multiplied or divided by the same number. M,D,H, _ M,D,H, W, W, CA a) Ex:1) If 12 books cost Rs. 8, what do 30 books cost? Sol: Ifthereis the increase in the number of books, the price also becomes higher. 12:8: 30:.. 8x30 -, Cost of 80 books = —y5~ = Rs. 20 —x:2) A hostel had provisions for § long will the food Sol Less number of st of days 500 boys —» 40 days.” 400 boys —> ? 500 2 e0 = 400 50 days Ex:3) 40 men can build a wall of 320 m in 12 days, working 8 hrs.a day. What length of the similar wall can be built by 25 men in 16 days, working 9 hrs. a day ? Sol: Men Length Days No. of hrs. per day of the wall 40 320m 12 8 a cas 16 9 Less men => length of wall less More days = length of wall more more hrs. per day = length of wall more 25169 = x—x=x320 = 40 128 oe Ex:4) 80 boys can make 30 boxes in 20 day: How many more boys should be employed to prepare 60 boxes in 25 days ? Sol : Boys More boxes => moreboys 40 9% Boxes dal More days => lessiboys Sh sj 60, Me —x—x80= 30 25 a 428 — 60 = 48 more boys be employed Ex: 5) lf Ramesh has been twice as efficient today, then he would have finished a wo in 10 days. If his efficiency is reduced one-third of what it Is at present then how many days would he be able to fini the work? SHORT CUT METHOD Efficiency and time period are inversl proportional to each other. Ifefficiency Is doubled, It takes 10 day: => Usually it takes 20 days to complet the job. If efficiency is reduced to one-third, ti becomes three times = 60 days'f16 pens cost Rs. 24. What do 18 pens cost? 1)28 227 3)34 430 A Hostel had provisions for 500 boys for 80 days. If 200 boys left the hostel, how long will the food last at the same rate ? 1) 50 days 2) 200 days 3) 60 days 4) 100 days 'f60men working 7 hrs. a day can do apiece ofwork In 9 days, in how many days will 21 men, working 8 hrs..a day do the same * work? 1 1) 20 days 2) 3 days 1 3) 22 > days 4) 24 days 40 workers can dig a canal of 160 m in ‘12 days, working 8 hrs. a day. What length of the similar canal can be dug by 25 workers in 16 days, working 9 hrs, a day 2 1)140m 2) 150m 3) 160m 4) 180m A hostel has provisions for 150 girls for 45 days. If after 10 days, 25 Girls left the hostel, how long will the food last ‘tithe same rate? f 1) 42 days 2) 30 3) @Bidays 4) 92 days A hostel, for 300 has provisions for 20 days, If after there is a further increase of 100 students, how long will the Provisions last at the same rate 2 1) 10 days 2) 15 days 3) 20 days 4) 12 days 40 girls can make 30 boxes in 20 days. How many more girls should be employed to Prepare 60 boxes in 25 days ? 2)36 1)40 3) 64 4)24 14. 'f8 women completed two-fifth of a workin 18 days, working 8 hrs. a day, how many more women should be employed to complete the remaining work in 6 days, each working 9 hrs. a day ? 1)72 2)64 9)54 4) 52 15 men or 8 girls can doa piece of work in 42 days in how many days can 20 men and 10 girls do the same work 2 1) 16 days 2) 8 days 3) 4 days 4) 12 days Acertain number of men ina group can do @ piece of work in 20 days. If there are Smen less in the group, the remaining men can complete the work in 30 days. What was the number offen in the group initially? , 3)18 —4)20 oe 'a8 efficient as today, id have finished a work in 12 days. If his efficiency Is reduced one- fourth of what it is at present then in how oy days would he be able to finish the 2 1)24 days 2) 48 days 3) 36 days 4) 96 days 11 man or 3 boys or 5 girls can doa piece of work in 46 days, then in how many days ‘man, 1 boy and 1 girl can do the same ? 1) 25 days 2)30 days 3) 23 days 4) 35 days Sboys and § girls can doa piece of workin 12 days, while 8 boys and 18 girls can do it in 6 days. In how many days can 7 boys and 20 girls do the same work ? 1) 6 days 2)3 days 3) 10 days 4) 5 days Ravi can do a work in 15 days. Madhav is 25% more efficient than Ravi. In how many days Madhav alone can do the work ? 1) 8 days 2) 20 days 3) 15 days 4) 12 days oe 22 92 3)3 10)1 5)1 12)2 6)4 13)1 74 14)41. 48men working 4 hours a day can finish a work in 10 days. Working at the rate of 10 hours. day, the number of men required to finish the work in 6 days is 1)32 2)34 —3)36 4) 40 2. In a hostel, ration for 2000 students was sufficient for 54 days. After 15 days, some more people joined and the ration lasted only for 20 more days. How many people joined afterwards ? 1)1675 2)1900 3)2250 4) 2500 3. Some men promised to do a job in 18 days but 6 of them went on leave, so the remaining men took 20 days to complete the job. How many men were there initially ? 1)40 2)50 3)60 4)65 4. Acertain number of men can do a work in 60 days. Had 8 more been taken, it would have been finished in 10 days. How many men were there present before ? 1)45 2)35 352 4)40 5. One N.S.S. camp is planned for 240 boy: for 28 days. But only 112 boys attended. For how many days can these boys stay in the camp till the provisions are exhausted? 1)56 2)120 3)60 : 6 One army camp has ration for 280 soldiers for 20 days. 280 soldiefs report for theeamp and after 8 days, ents are sent to another camp. For how.many days, the remaining soldiers can|stay in the camp without the necessity of any new ration ? 4)12 216 3)10 4) 14 7. 3menor6women can doa piece of workin 20 days. In how many days will 12men and 8 women do the same work ? 1 1) oF days 4)1 8)2 3 2) 35 days 22 9)1 33 10)3 9. 10. 12. 13. 44 11)4 5)3 12)4 8 men or 12 boys can do a work in 25 di In how many days 6 men and 11 boys complete the same work? 4) 12 days 2) 15 days 3) 16 days 4) 18 days A certain job was assigned to a group men for its completion In 40 days. But men did not turn up for the job and remaining men did the Job in 64 days. original number of men in the group w 1)32 2)34 3)36 4)40 ‘Aroad can be made in 40 days by 24 each working Bihours a day. If the work I for the day is reduced by 2 hours for ow matiy. workers are required workin 20 days ? 3) 64 4)40 & 1 ‘MBworkers can dig 77 metre canal in day, how many workers will be required dig 29 m long canal in 2 days ? 1)34 296 3)32 04) 16 If5 men can do 5 times of a work in 5 then 30 men can do 30 times of the w 1) 20days 2)4 days 3) 10 days 4) 5 days 3 men or 5 women can doa piece of 30 days. How long would it take for 12 and 5 women to do the same piece of 1) 6 days 2)5 days 3) 4 days 4) 8 days 3) 4 days 4) 5 days 6)3 13)1 72TIME AND WORK INTRODUCTION 4-3 __ Ifaman can doa piece of workin 6 days, he 240 240 will do 1/6 of the work in 1 day. And <. Balone can do the whole work in 240 days j, if a man can to 1/8 work in 1 conversely, Ex:3) Aand B candoapiece of workin 40 days day, he will do the work in 8 days. and 60 days respectively. They work together for 12 days and then B leaves. In how many days the whole work is b completed 2 in days a+b Coe ol: A+ Bando —+— EXAMPLES 40 60 —x:1) IA can doa work in 8 days and B alone 5 1 can do it in 24 days. In how many days A ae if work in 1 day ays, Ayand B can complete be of the work in 1 day e _ If'A'can doa workin 'a' days and B cando itin'b' days, then A and B together can do it and B together can do the work ? Sol: Acan do 1/8 work in 1 day andB can do 1/24 work in 1 day x12 = 80 the work Sispa : Thus A and B can do +57 = s ea Remaining work = 1~ > = > of work work in 1 day P ~. Aand B can do the work in Sdays 6 1 FORMULA : . 1 2 AandB together ean dorthe work in Acan do > of the work in “I =20 days a +. Total time taken to complete the work is 12+20= 92 days Ex:4) Aand B can doa work in 25 days and 20 Ex:2) Aand B together can do.a work in 60 days days respectively. They together undertook and A alone can do it 40 days. in how to do a piece of work for Rs. 1800. What many days B alone can do it ? is the share of B? Sol: Amount must be divided in the ratio of their L s capability (or) in the ratio of their one day work Soli AandB can do € workin 1 day Ratio of 1 day work of A and B = Aalonecando | 1 workin 1 day 60 40 1 “, Balone can do <> 025) and B can do a work in 12 and 9 days. respectively. If they work on alternate days. A begins the work on which day will the work be completed ? Work done by A and B in first 2 days (1 pair of days) So 12)-9 236 Work done by them in 5 pair of days = ays 36 35 (or 10 days) = 35 of the work Remaining work = 1 ss a jemaining work = 1= 36 = 36 tL Acan do 36 of the work in Thus the work would be completed on 1tth day by A Ais thrice as good a workman as B. Together they can doa work in 12 days. In how many days B alone can do the ‘work? ‘A+B can do the work in 12 days since A=3B (8 + 3B) can complete the work in 12 days 4B.can complete the work in 12 days “=, Ballone can do the work in 48 days &x:7) Ais thric able to finish a work in 10 days less th: B does. In how many days can it b completed if they work together ? So: A=3B If A.can do the work in x days =» 8 cand itin 3x days Difference in time period = 2x = 10 days x=5 days =, Aalone can doit in 5 days and B alone 15 days Aand B can together do the work in 5x15 a 2 15 4 )) Two taps A and B can fill a tank in 6 42 hrs. respectively. If both the tap ‘opened simultaneously, how tong do it take to fill the tank ? 1 Tap A can fil th of tank in 1 hour 1 Tap B can fill ;, th of tank in 1 hour 12 ~. Aand B can fill = 1 = qian in 1 hour In 4 hours, A and B can fill the tank FORMULA ab Use the formula ——— hrs. a+b 6x12 =A * work for Rs, 3200. With the help of C, they !tA.can doa workin 4 days and B alone can deo it in 12 days, in how many days A and B together can do the work ? 1)2days 2)3 days, 3)4 days 4) None A and B together can do a work in 60 days and A alone can do it in 80 days. In how many days B alone can do it ? 1) 120 days 2) 60 days 3) 240 days 4) 200 days A and B can do a piece of work in 24 days. Band Cin 30 days, Cand A in 40 days. How long would all of them take to do the same work? 1) 18 days 2) 20 days 3) 22 days 4) 24 days Kiran can doa workin 20 days, which Saroj can doin 12 days. Saroj worked on it for 9 days and leaves. In how many days can Kiran finish the remaining work ? 1) 3 days 2) 5 days 3) 8 days 4) 9 days Aand B can doa piece of woi and 30 days respectively. They we for 6 days and ti aves. days the whole work is completed 2 1)24days © days 3) 15 days * 4) 16 days And B can do a work in 50 days and 40 days respectively. They together undertook the work for Rs. 8000. What is the share of B? 1) Rs. 2000 3) Rs. 5000 2)Rs. 3500 4) Rs. 6600 Balone can do it in 24 days. They together undertook the finished the work in 6 days. What is the ‘share of C ? 1) Rs. 1200 3) Rs. 750 2) Rs. 1600 4) Rs. 980 12. _)yefank in 60 hrs. “together how much time will it take to fill A and B can do a work in 18 and 9 days respectively. If they work on alternate days and A begins the work in how many days can itbe completed ? 1) 12 days 2) 6 days 3) 14 days 4) 10 days Pradeep Is thrice as good a workman as Pramod. They can do a work together in 24 days. In how many days Pramod alone can do the work ? 1) 16 days 2) 24 days 3) 36 days 4) 96 days Two taps A and B can fill a tankin 2 hrs. and 8 hrs. respectively. if both the taps are ‘opened simultaneously, how much time will {take to fillthe tank ? . 2)1 hr. 36 min “OP” 4) he 8min, and B can fill a tank in 20 hrs, anid 30 hrs. Third tap C can empty the full if all the taps are opened the tank? 1)30hrs. 2)20hrs. 3)15hrs. 4) 12hrs. Two pipes A and B can fill a cistern in 16 hrs. and 24 hours respectiviey, while pipe C can empty it in 12 hrs. In what time will the cistern be full, if all the pipes are opened together ? 1)40hrs. 2)48 hrs. 3) 39hrs. 4) 56hrs. Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 24 min, and 30 min. respectively. Both are opened together but after 8 min. Ais turned off. In how many more minutes, will the tank be filled ? 1) 14min.2) 16min. 3)12min. 4) 10min. Three pipes A, B and C can fill a tank in 12hrs., 4 hrs, and 24 hrs. respectively. Pipe Ais opened at 6 a.m., pipe B at 8 a.m. and pipe C at 9am, At what time can the tank be filled ? 1) 10.40 A.M. 2)9.30 A.M.—;—;———————————— ee Acistern can be filled by a pipe in 6 hrs. but due to a leak in the bottom it takes 2 hrs. longer to fill it. If the cistern is full, in how many hrs. will the leak empty it ? 4) 16hrs. 2) 18hrs, 3)20hrs. 4) 24hrs. eon) ajo! 23> 8y2:~ 425) 4 63 71 8)1 94 10)2 41)3 1292 13) 14)4_—15)4 Acan doaworkin 16 days and B alone can do the same work in 12 days. In how many days A and B together can do the work ? 6 1 128 2) 3) 6= 4) 6— ) ) 24 ) OF ) OF A, B and C can do a work in 12, 20 and 15 days respectively. In how many days can they together complete the work ? 1) 10 days 2) 5 days 3) 47 days 4) 12 days ‘Amar and Bhanu together can finish a worl in 8 days. Amar alone can do it in 12 days. How many days will Bhanu alone take to complete the same work? _.« 116 -2)24 84 Y Madhav finished 1/5, the work in iddays. In how many days, will he finish the remaining work. 1) 50 days 3) 20 days 4) 40 days A tank can be filled in 9 hours, but takes ‘one hour longer to be filled due toa leakin its bottom. If the tank is full, what is the time required to empty It? 1)30hrs. 2)40hrs. 3)45hrs. 4) 90hrs. If 4/5 th part of a tank is filled with water in ‘one minute, then the time required to fill the remaining part is 4) 10 sec 2) 12 sec. 3) 15sec. 4) 20sec. ‘and B can do one work in 6 days. Only A can do the work in 9 days. In how many days B alone can do. this work ? 1) 21 days 2) 24 days 3) 18 days 4) 14 days 8. 11. 12. Acan doa piece of workin 20 days, Bin 15 days and C in 12 days. In how many days can A finish the work if he is assisted by B on one day and by C on thealternate days? 114 -2)6 38 4)10 20men, 20 worhen and 20 children can doa work in.5 days, 10 days and 15 days res} Then how many days 10 men, 40 womenand 10children take to complete 5 55 i me Mohan can doa work in 40 days. He worked for 5 days and David finished the remaining work in 21 days. In how many days ci Mohan and David together complete ‘the work? 1) 64 days 2) 45 days 3) 15 days 4) 20 days A and B can do a work in 18 days and 1! days respectively. They work together for days and B leaves the work. In how days will A finish off the remaining work 4) 14 days 2)11 days 3) 2 3) 147 days 4)7 days Rohit and Mohit can do a work. in 25 di and 20 days respectively. They togeti undertook a piece of work for Rs. 18, What is the share of Mohit ? 1) Rs. 8000 2) Rs. 1200 3)Rs. 10,000 4) Rs. 9,00013, 8. 14, 15, 16. can doa work in 12 days and B can do th. ‘same in 36 days, if they work on alternate days, and A begins the work, on which day will the work be completed ? 1) 9th day 2) 18th day 3) 27th day 4) 36th day Kalyan is twice as good efficient worker as. Raju. They can complete a work together in ‘15days. In how many days Raju alone can complete the work ? 1) 5 days 3) 15 days 2) 10 days 4) 45 days A sum of money is sufficient to pay A's wages for 20 days anditis sufficient to pay B's wages for 30 days. For how many days the same sum of money will be sufficient to Pay the wages for both AandB? 1) 12 days 2) 9 days 3) 16 days 4) 18 days Two taps A and B can fill a tank in 32 min, and 24 min. respectively. If both the are opened simultaneously, after how time should A be closed so that the k can be filled in 8 minutes ?.. ‘ 1) 12 min, 3) 18min. fh Alsthrice as: fd is therefore able to finish a workin @idays less than B does, How long does it take to complete if they work together 2 1) 1 day 2)2 days 3) 3 days 4) 4 days AandBcandoa plece of work in 45 and 40 days respectively. They began the work together but A had left after some days and 5 finished the remaining work in 23 days, " After how many days did ‘A' leave 2 1) 6 days 2) 9 days 4) 12 days 3) 10 days 19, 21. ae 2 Glee 23, 24, uae Gra Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 6 hrs, and 8 hrs. respectively. if they are open on alternate hours starting with A, the number of hours needed to fill the tank is (2007) 2 oS 135 2)6 1 3 6— =: 3) 2 aS Atank is normally filled in 8 hrs., but takes 2 hrs. longer to fill because of leakage, If the tanks full, the time taken by the leak to empty itis (2007) 1) 36 hrs. 2) 38 hrs. 3) 40 hrs. 4) 44 hrs. Acan complete. piece of work in 18 days, Bis 20% more efficient than A. The number of days B takes to complete the same plece of work isi (2007) 1)15 212 73)10 4)9 One man or two women or 3 part-timers can “cor ‘a piece work in 48 days. How many days will it take for 2 men, 3 women and 3 Part-timers to complete the same piece of work? (2007) 2 1)12 2)18 3/20 4) 1 Two taps can fill a tank in 5 min. and 7 min, respectively and the third one can empty it in3min. If they are opened together, in how many mats. will the tank be filled ? ( 2006) 1)115 min. 2) 105 min, 3) 120 min. 4) 135 min. 1fAcan do one-fifth of aworkin2 days and B can do one-third of that work in 5 days, then the number of days that both A andB take to do the work is (2006) 6 ao 38 4)4