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Week 12 lectures 23
Recall: Linear Independence, Linear Independence of Matrix Columns, Sets of One or Two
Linear Transformation
Properties
Identity matrix
Theorem
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Linear Algebra (MTH-435)
These properties for a transformation identify the most important class of transformations
in linear algebra.
Definition
Example 23.1
=L(𝑥1 + 𝑥2 , 𝑦1 + 𝑦2 , 𝑧1 + 𝑧1 )
Linear Algebra (MTH-435)
Hence, L is a linear transformation, which is called a projection. The image of the vector (or
drawing a line through the end point P(a, b, c) of u and perpendicular to 𝑹𝟐 , the x y-plane.
The intersection Q(a, b)of this line with the x y-plane will
23.2 Properties
1. T(0) = 0
Proof
1. By the definition of Linear Transformation we have T(cu) = cT(u) for all u and all
Observe that if a transformation satisfies property 2 for all u, v and c, d, it must be linear
Example 23.2
0 −1 𝑥 −𝑦
T(x) =[ ] [𝑦 ] = [ ]
1 0 𝑥
Linear Algebra (MTH-435)
Solution
0 −1 4 −1
T (u)= [ ][ ] = [ ]
1 0 1 4
0 −1 3 −3
T (v)= [ ][ ] = [ ]
1 0 2 2
0 −1 6 −4
T (u +v)=[ ] [ ] = [ ].
1 0 4 6
Example 23.3
Solution
= -3L(i) + 4L(j) + 2L (k )
= (4,11)
Solution
= 3cu + 3dv
Linear Algebra (MTH-435)
= cT(u) + dT(v)
1 0
The column of matrix 𝐼2 = [ ]
0 1
1 0
are 𝑒1 = [ ] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑒2 = [ ]
0 1
5 −3
𝑇(𝑒1 ) = [−7] 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑇(𝑒2 ) = [ 8 ]
2 0
Solution
Linear Algebra (MTH-435)
𝑥1 1 0
[𝑥 ] = 𝑥1 [ ] + 𝑥2 [ ]
2 0 1
𝑥1 1 0
𝑇([𝑥 ]) = 𝑥1 (𝑇 [ ]) + 𝑥2 (𝑇 [ ])
2 0 1
And thus
𝑥1 5 −3
𝑇 ([𝑥 ]) = 𝑥1 [−7] + [ 8 ]
2
2 0
5 −3 𝑥
1
=[−7 8 ] [𝑥 ]
2
2 0
𝐴 = [𝑇(𝑒1 ) 𝑇(𝑒2 )]
23.5 Theorem
Linear Algebra (MTH-435)
in fact A is the from 𝑚 × 𝑛 matrix whose jth column is the vector from 𝑇(𝑒𝑗 ) where 𝑒𝑗 is the
Remark
Week 12 Lecture 24
geometrically
Examples
Applications
Linear Algebra (MTH-435)
−1 0
𝑆. 𝑀 = [ ]
0 1
−1 0
𝑆. 𝑀 = [ ]
0 −1
𝑘 0
𝑆. 𝑀 = [ ]
0 1
1 0
𝑆. 𝑀 = [ ]
0 𝑘
1 𝑘
𝑆. 𝑀 = [ ]
0 1
1 0
𝑆. 𝑀 = [ ]
𝑘 1
Linear Algebra (MTH-435)
Projections:
1 0
𝑆. 𝑀 = [ ]
0 0
0 0
𝑆. 𝑀 = [ ]
0 1
Rotation:
Let 𝑇: 𝑅 2 → 𝑅 2 be the transformation that rotates each point in 𝑅 2 about the origin
𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∅ −𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∅
𝑆. 𝑀 = [ ]
𝑠𝑖𝑛 ∅ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ∅
Example
𝒖 = (𝟐, 𝟓)
Onto mapping:
Applications
𝒗𝟏 , … , 𝒗𝒑 as signals that go into a system or process and T(𝒗𝟏 ), … , T(𝒗𝒑 ) as the responses of
that system to the signals. The system satisfies the superposition principle if an input is
expressed as a linear combination of such signals; the system’s response is the same linear
Linear Algebra (MTH-435)
is for geometric transformations, such as those performed in computer graphics, where the
a transformation matrix. Linear mappings also are used as a mechanism for describing
Note: You can take help from book which I have recommended you by David C Lay. The