Professional Documents
Culture Documents
- DKV
Jl. Cikutra No. 204 A Bandung 40125 Telp. (022) 7275855
FRM-06-11
Directions: This section measures your ability to read and understand written English similar
to the topic which one may expect in a college or university setting, especially at Widyatama
University. Read each passage and answer the questions based on what is stated or implied in
the passage. Circle or mark the correct answer in answer sheet or write it on a separate piece of
paper.
Text 1
The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using the
reeds, grasses, bards, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and
sizes - not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby carriers,
and ceremonial objects.
Of all these experts, none excelled the Pomo - a group who lived on or near the coast during
the 1800's, and whose descendants continue to live in parts of the same region to the same
region to this day. They made baskets three feet in diameter and others no bigger than a
thimble. The Pomo people were masters of decoration. Some of their baskets were completely
covered with shell pendants; others with feathers that made the baskets' surfaces as soft as the
breasts of birds.
Moreover, the Pomo people made use of more weaving techniques than did their neighbors.
Most groups made all their basketwork by twining - the twisting of a flexible horizontal
material, called a weft, around stiffer vertical strands of material, the warp. Others depended
primarily on coiling - a process in which a continuous coil of stiff material is held in the
desired shape with tight wrapping of flexible strands. Only the Pomo people used both
processes with equal case and frequency. In addition, they made use of four distinct variations
on the basic twining process, often employing more than one of them in a single article.
Although a wide variety of materials was available, the Pomo people used only a few. The
warp was always made of willow, and the most commonly used welt was sedge root, a woody
fiber that could easily be separated into strands no thicker than a thread. For color, the Pomo
people used the bark of redbud for their twined work and dyed bull rush root for black in
coiled work. Though other materials were sometimes used, these four were the staples in their
finest basketry.
If the basketry materials used by the Pomo people were limited, the designs were
amazingly varied. Every Pomo basket maker knew how to produce from fifteen to twenty
district patterns that could be combined in a number of different ways.
3. The Pomo people used each of the 5. The word "others " in line 9 refers to
following materials to decorate baskets (A) masters
EXCEPT (B) baskets
(A) shells (C) pendants
(B) feathers (D) surfaces
(C) leaves
(D) bark
6. According to the passage is a 10. The word "staples" in line 23 is closest in
(A) tool for separating sedge root meaning to
(B) process used for coloring baskets (A) combinations
(C) pliable maternal woven around the warp (B) limitations
(D) pattern used to decorate baskets (C) accessories
(D) basic elements
7. According to the passage, what did the
Pomo people use as the warp in their 11. The word "distinct" in lime 26 is closest
baskets? in meaning to
(A) Bullrush (A) systematic
(B) willow (B) beautiful
(C) Sedge (C) different
(D) Redbud (D) compatible
8. The word "article" in line 17 is close in 12. Which of the following statements about
meaning to Pomo baskets can be best inferred from
(A) decoration the passage?
(B) shape (A) Baskets produced by other Native
(C) design Americans were less varied in design
(D) object than those of the Pomo people.
(B) Baskets produced by Pomo weavers were
primarily for ceremonial purposes.
9. According to the passage. The relationship (C) There was a very limited number of
between redbud and twining is most similar basketmaking materials available to the
to the relationship between Pomo people.
(A) bullrush and coiling (D) The basketmaking production of the
(B) weft and warp Pomo people has increased over the
(C) willow and feathers years.
(D) sedge and weaving
Text 2
Any rock that has cooled and solidified from a molten state is an igneous rock. Therefore, if
the Earth began as a superheated sphere in space, all the rocks making up its crust may well
have been igneous and thus the ancestors of all other rocks. Even today, approximately 95
percent of the entire crust is igneous. Periodically, molten material wells out of the Earth's
interior to invade the surface layers or to flow onto the surface itself. This material cools into a
wide variety of igneous rocks. In the molten state, it is called magma as it pushes into the crust
and lava when it runs out onto the surface.
All magma consists basically of a variety of silicate minerals (high in silicon-oxygen
compounds), but the chemical composition of any given flow may differ radically from that of
any other. The resulting igneous rocks will reflect these differences. Igneous rocks also vary in
texture as well as chemistry. Granite, for instance, is a coarse-grained igneous rock whose
individual mineral crystals have formed to a size easily seen by the naked eye. A slow rate of
cooling has allowed the crystals to reach this size. Normally, slow cooling occurs when the
crust is invaded by magma that remains buried well below the surface. Granite may be found
on the surface of the contemporary landscape, but from its coarse texture we know that it must
have formed through slow cooling at a great depth and later been laid bare by erosion. Igneous
rocks with this coarse- grained texture that formed at depth are called plutonic.
On the other hand, if the same magma flows onto the surface and is quickly cooled by the
atmosphere, the resulting rock will be fine-grained and appear quite different from granite,
although the chemical composition will be identical. This kind of rock is called rhyolite. The
most finely grained igneous rock is volcanic glass or obsidian, which has no crystals. Some
researchers believe this is because of rapid cooling; others believe it is because of a lack of
water vapor and other gases in the lava. The black obsidian cliffs of Yellowstone National
Park are the result of a lava flow of basalt running head on into a glacier. Some of the glacier
melted on contact, but suddenly there also appeared a huge black mass of glassy stone.
13. In the first paragraph, the author 15.The word "contemporary" in line 17 is
mentions that closest in meaning to
(A) the Earth began as a molten mass (A) vast
(B) a thin layer of magma flows beneath the (B) natural
Earth's crust (C) existing
(C) the minerals found in igneous rock are (D) uneven
very common
(D) igneous rock is continually being
formed
21. Which of the following aspects of North 24. The word "attendant" in line 6 is closest
America in the eighteenth century does in meaning to
the passage mainly discuss? (A) avoidable
(A) The effects of war on the growth of (B) accompanying
cities (C) unwelcome
(B) The growth and influence of cities (D) unexpected
(C) The decline of farming in areas
surrounding cities 25. Which of the following is mentioned as
(D) The causes of immigration to cities an element of modern capitalism?
(A) Open competition
22. Why does the author say that "the cities (B) Social deference
had a disproportionate influence on the (C) Social hierarchy
development of North America "lines1- (D) Independent craftspeople
2"?
(A) The influence of the cities was mostly 26. It can be inferred that in comparison with
negative North American cities, cities in Europe,
(B) The populations of the cities were small, (A) connected to
but their influence was great. (B) in addition to
(C) The cities were growing at a great rate. (C) because of
(D) Most people pretended to live in cities (D) instead of
30. The word "dictated" in line 18 is closest 33. Why does the author describe the regions
in meaning to around the cities of New York and
(A) spoiled Philadelphia as "breadbaskets"?
(B) reduced (A) They produced grain especially for
(C) determined making bread.
(D) divided (B) They stored large quantities of grain
during periods of drought
(C) They supplied grain to other parts of
North America and other countries.
(D) They consumed more grain than all the
other regions of North America.
TEXT 4
Researchers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an
important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves
the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists who study optimization compare the
actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are.
Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is , the best
decisions. Although there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can take,
they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem in a
clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent
considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of
each consideration or consequence is determined. Each consideration is assigned a numerical
value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding
these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best
decision.
Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose
from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and
paper decision-making procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than
their minds can generally comprehend and remember. On the average, people can keep about
seven ideas in their minds at once. A worksheet can be especially useful when the decision
involves a large number of variables with complex relationships. A realistic example for many
college students is the question "What sill I do after graduation?" A graduate might seek a
position that offers specialized training, pursue an advanced degree, or travel abroad for a
year.
A decision-making worksheet begins with a succinct statement of the problem that will
also help to narrow it. It is important to be clear about the distinction between long-range and
immediate goals because long-range goals often involve a different decision than short-range
ones. Focusing on long-range goals, a graduating student might revise the question above to
"What will I do after graduation that will lead to successful career?"
Directions: In question 16 – 40, each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four
underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B),(C), and (D). Identify the one underlined word
or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
Example I
Brenda must have called her brother last night, but she arrived home too late
A B C
to call him .
D
The sentence should be read “John hasn’t completed the assignment yet, and Linda hasn’t
either.” Therefore, you should choose D.
1. Mosquitoes will accepts the malaria parasite at only one stage of the parasite’s complex life cycle
A B C D
2. The counterpart of negative elections is positive proton.
A B C D
3. The neo cortex is, in evolutionary terms most resents layer of the brain
A B C D
4. The use of the microcomputer in the twentieth century will be as pedestrian the use of the
A B C D
telephone.
5. Unable to operate computer would hurt a graduate’s chance of finding a suitable job as a
A B C
secretary in a well-established company.
D
6. The group of demonstratorswere dispersed by the police who were at the scene of the
A C C
accident within minutes.
D
7. High school students in most formal schools need to finish and complete courses in
A B C
history and science before graduating.
D
8. The Rosetta stone has provided scientists bya link to ancient civilizations.
A B C D
9. Our receptionist, who’s job it was to answer the hone and receive the guests suffered
A B C
from laryngitis.
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D
10. Technology have increased productivity, or the amount of goods and services available.
A B C D
11. The government is considering banning both beeralso whiskey from television.
A B C D
12. History has shown that rulers do notrulingstheir power with easy.
A B C D
13. My brother and I hope to go fishing in the sea this weekend if the weather permit.
A B C D
14. Has John told us the truth about the capability of the new lecture, none of us would have
A B C
attended his lecture.
D
15. The damage was caused byneither the earthquake or the subsequent explosions.
A B C D
16. When a pearl cut in half and examined under a microscope, its leayes can be seen.
A B C D
17. Special invitationswill extend to everyone who had worked on the remarkable project.
A B C D
18. The great physical distinction between humans and apes is the hollow space humans have
A B C
under their chains.
D
19. People usually think cats are natural ferocious, but it depends on the type of cat.
A B C D
20. Jack usually arrives home from school at 2 o’clock, but today because the heavy rain he
A B C
is two hours late.
D
21. Jack should have come for a job interview this morning, but he arrived late because the
A B C
traffic was very congestion.
D
22. The sign requested that all participants extinguished all fires before leaving the camp
A B C D
ground.
23. An archeologist should know exact where and when an artifact was found.
A B C D
24. The nation was founded and proclaimed on the principle thatall men are created equally.
A B C D
25. If the terms were better, our director accepts the bank’s proposal even though he
A B C
disagreed with some of the conditions.
D
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26. The government is considering banning both beeralso whiskey from television.
A B C D
27. History has shown that rulers do notrulingstheir power with easy.
A B C D
28. My brother and I hope to go fishing in the sea this weekend if the weather permit.
A B C D
29. Has John told us the truth about the capability of the new lecture, none of us would have
A B C
attended his lecture.
D
30. The damage was caused byneither the earthquake or the subsequent explosions.
A B C D
31. When a pearl cut in half and examined under a microscope, its leayes can be seen.
A B C D
32. Special invitationswill extend to everyone who had worked on the remarkable project.
A B C D
33. The great physical distinction between humans and apes is the hollow space humans have
A B C
under their chains.
D
34. People usually think cats are natural ferocious, but it depends on the type of cat.
A B C D
35. Jack usually arrives home from school at 2 o’clock, but today because the heavy rain he
A B C
is two hours late.
D
36. Jack should have come for a job interview this morning, but he arrived late because the
A B C
traffic was very congestion.
D
37. The sign requested that all participants extinguished all fires before leaving the camp
A B C D
ground.
38. An archeologist should know exact where and when an artifact was found.
A B C D
39. The nation was founded and proclaimed on the principle thatall men are created equally.
A B C D
40. If the terms were better, our director accepts the bank’s proposal even though he
A B C
disagreed with some of the conditions.
D
Direction: 41 to 50 are in complete sentences. Beneath each sentences you will see four words pr
phrases, mark A B C or D. Choose word or phrase that the best complete sentences. Then don’t forget
mark the answer with red colour.
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41. There are three small rooms in the house.........serve as a kitchen.
A. Smallest of that
B. The smallest of which
C. The smaller of which
D. The bigger of them
43. Neither John nor her sisters..............a consent form for next week’s field trip.
A. Need
B. Needs
C. Is needing
D. Have need
44. The old woman .......... she crossed the main road.
A. Look cautious
B. Had looked cautiously before
C. Looked cautious when
D. Looked with caution when
47. Some of the washing machines are out of order and they ......
A. Need repairing
B. Need to be repair
C. Requiries special repair
D. Need to be repairing
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48. How much did it cost to have your tooth.......
A. Fill
B. Filling
C. Filled
D. To fill
50. One purpose ......... to decide if the re is sufficient evidence to try a person for a crime .
A. Of a grand jury
B. Of a grand jury is
C. For the grand jury
D. Of a grand jury which is
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PART 3 LISTENING SECTION
Direction: in part A you will hear short conversation between two people conversation. After
each conversation, you will hear several question, the conversation and question will not be
repeated.
After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best
answer, then on your answer sheet. Find the number of the question and fill in the space that you
correspond to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
Listen to the example:
On the recording, You Hear:
Man : The exam was really awful
Woman : Oh. It could have been worse
Narrator : What does the woman mean?
A. The exam was really awful
B. It was the worse exam she had ever seen
C. It could not have been more difficult
D. It was not that hard.
You learn from conversation the man thought the exam was very difficult and the woman disagreed with the
man. The best answer to the question.” What does the woman mean?”
Is “D”. It was not hard. Therefore the correct answer is “D”
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C. It is a reguirement for each professor to teach at least one course.
D. The professor reguired the class to prepare an outline.
9. A. In a department store
B. In a bank
C. In an accounting firm
D. In a checkout line
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12. A. Traffic should not be allowed.
B. She thinks that the traffic should stay outside.
C. She agrees that the traffic is noisy.
D. She’ll stay outside with the man.
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20. A. The landlord failed to collect rent on the first of last month.
B. The tenants absolutely must pay rent at the beginning of the month.
C. The landlord will not fail to collectyour rent on the first of next month.
D. It is important to call the landlord about rent on the first of the month.
Part B
Direction: in this part of the test, you will hear no longer conversation. After each conversation, you
will hear several question, the conversation and question will not be repeated.
After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best
answer, then on your answer sheet. Find the number of the question and fill in the space that you
correspond to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
33. A. A play.
B. A game.
C. A study group meeting.
D. Dinner in the cafeteria.
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36. A. From a lecture.
B. In a magazine article.
C. In a book.
D. On a television program.
Part C
Direction: in this part of the test, you will hear several talks. After each talks, you will hear
several question, the conversation and question will not be repeated.
After you hear a question, read the four possible answers in your test book and choose the best
answer, then on your answer sheet. Find the number of the question and fill in the space that
you correspond to the letter of the answer you have chosen.
42. A. Two
B. Three 49.
C. Five
D. Seven
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43. A. In winter
B. In spring
C. In summer
D. In fall 50.
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END OF THIS SECTION
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