1) Obtaining the Value of the Electric Field from the Electric Potential 2) Electric field for the Spherical symmetric charge distribution 3) Equipotential surfaces must always be perpendicular to the electric field lines passing through them. By Muhammad AlamgeerCalculation of Electric field when Electric potential is known. The electric field € and the electric potential V are related as shown in Equation AV = AU/q =f E.dS, * which tells us how to find AV if the electric field Eis known. What if the situation is reversed? How do we calculate the value of the electric field if the electric potential is known in a certain region? The potential difference dV between two points a distance ds apart can be expressed as av dS * If the electric field has only one component E,, then £.dS= Ed ,. Therefore, Equation becomes aV=-E,d, or Ex=-dV/d, + Thats, the x component of the electric field is equal to the negative of the derivative of the electric potential with respect to x. Similar statements can be made about the y and z components.Electric field for the Spherical symmetric = ssxhiwrssn charge distribution at * If the charge distribution creating an electric field has spherical symmetry such | y | that the vel a charge density depends only on the radial distance r, the electric a. field is radial. ~ In this case, E,=-dV/d, For example, the electric potential of a point charge is V = k.q/r. Because V is a function of r only, the potential function has spherical symmetry. + Applying Equation E, = -dV/d, , we find that the magnitude of the electric field due to the point charge is Er = k.q/r?, a familiar result. * Notice that the potential changes only in the radial direction, not in any direction perpendicular to r. Therefore, V (like E,) is a function only of r, which is again consistent with the idea that equipotential Surfaces are perpendicular to field lines. * In this case, the equipotential surfaces are a family of spheres concentric with the spherically symmetric charge distribution (Fig.b). * The equipotential surfaces for an electric dipole are sketched in Figure c. = €, d,, and we can express dV as dV = -Er dr. Therefore,Equipotential surfaces must always be perpendicular to the electric field lines passing through them Experimentally, electric potential and position can be measured easily with a voltmeter (a device for measuring potential difference) and a meterstick. Consequently, an electric field can be determined by measuring the electric potential at ‘several positions in the field and making a graph of the results. ‘According to Equation “E, = -dV/d,”, the slope of a graph of V versus x at a given point provides the magnitude of the electric field at that point. Imagine starting at a point and then moving through a displacement dS along an equipotential surface. For this motion, dV = From Equation dV = - £.dS, we see that dV = -E.d5 =0; Therefore, because the dot product is zero, E must be perpendicular to the displacement along the equipotential surface. This result shows that the equipotential surfaces must always be perpendicular to the electric field lines passing through them. The equipotential surfaces associated with a uniform electric field consist of a family of. planes perpendicular to the field lines. Figure “a” shows some representative equipotential surfaces for this situation. because the potential is constant along an equipotential surface. Numifoem electric field produced bya infinite sheet of charge ——rGeneral expression for the electric potential * In general, the electric potential is a function of all three spatial coordinates. * If V(r) is given in terms of the Cartesian coordinates, the electric field components E,, E,, and E, can readily be found from V(x, y, 2) as the partial derivatives. * E, =-8V/ 0x +E, =-0V/ dy * E, =-0V/ dzMCQs1) SI unit of electric potential is a) Cc? b) J c) Jct d) Jc#2) If 5 J of work is needed to shift 10C of charge from one place to another. The potential difference between the places should be a) O.5V b) c) 5V d) 10V3) The energy supplied by a unit charge as it moves from one point to the other in the direction of the field is called a) potential difference b) electric field industry c) electric field d) electric field intensity4) The electron in a hydrogen atom experiences an electric field from the atom's nucleus in the order of a) 102NC2 b) 10%NC? c) 105NC2 d) 10®NC?5) If 1 joule of work is done against the electric field in bringing 1C positive charge from infinity to a point in the electric field then the potential at that point will be a) 1/2 volt b) 1 volt c) 2volt d) 3 volt6) The conventional direction of electric field is a) Positive to negative b) Negative to positive c) No specific direction d) Direction cannot be determined7) Electric field originates at a) Positive charge b) Negative charge c) Neither positive nor negative d) Both positive and negative8)Electric field terminates at a) Positive charge b) Negative charge c) Neither positive nor negative d) Both positive and negative9) Which among the following statements is true with regard to electric field lines? a) Electric field lines always intersect b) Electric field lines may or may not intersect c) Electric field lines can be seen d) Electric field lines never intersect10) Which, among the following, is the field where electric charge experiences a force? a) Electric field b) Magnetic field c) Gravitational field d) Electric, magnetic and gravitational field11) Which, among the following is the correct expression for an electric field? a) E=F/C b) E=F*C c) E=F/Q d) E=F*Q12) What happens when one material is rubbed against another? a) The material becomes electrically neutral b) The material becomes electrically charged c) The material becomes negatively charged d) The material becomes positively charged13) Particles involved in the movement within the material are............... a) Electron b) Proton c) Neutron d) Positron14) Phenomena in which a charge body attracts an uncharged body is called....... a) Electrostatic induction b) Electric Current c) Charge movement d) Magnetic induction15) The spacing between field lines shows their a) direction b) position c) strength d) none of aboveif you have any question or concern, please contact Whatsapp# +923337418996