Naomi 

Rose G. Vigo     
8‐Cypress 
January 15, 2021 
 
Influenza A virus The Spanish   flu, also known as the 1918 flu pandemic, was an unusually
subtype H1N1  deadly influenza pandemic caused by the H1N1 influenza A virus. Lasting
 
from February 1918 to April 1920, it infected 500 million people – about a
third of the  world's population at the time – in four successive waves.

The 1918 Spanish flu was the first of two pandemics caused by H1N1
 
influenza A virus; the second was the 2009 swine flu pandemic.
 

  The global spread of H5N1 influenza in birds is considered a

Avian
influenza A virus significant pandemic threat. While other H5N1 influenza strains are known,
 
subtypeH5N1   they are significantly different on a genetic level from a recent, highly
pathogenic, emergent strain of H5N1, which was able to achieve hitherto
   
unprecedented global spread in 2008.  
  The Asian H5N1 virus was first detected in Guangdong Province, China, in
1996, when it killed some geese, but it received little attention until it spread
  through live-poultry markets in Hong Kong to humans in May 1997, killing 6 of
18 infected people. 
 

  SARS Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a serious form of

(Severe Acute viral pneumonia caused by the SARS coronavirus. The virus that
  Respiratory Syndrome)  causes SARS was first identified in 2003.The World Health
Organization has designated SARS a global health threat. In 2003, an
  epidemic killed approximately 774 people worldwide before it was
successfully contained. 
 

  The 2009 swine flu pandemic was an influenza pandemic that lasted about 19 months, from January
2009 to August 2010, and was the second of two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus (the first
  being the 1918–1920 Spanish flu pandemic). First described in April 2009, the virus appeared to be a
new strain of H1N1 that resulted from a previous triple reassortment of bird, swine, and human flu
 
viruses and that further combined with a Eurasian pig flu virus, leading to the term "swine flu". 
 
MERS-CoV virions Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a viral respiratory disease
caused by a novel coronavirus (Middle East respiratory syndrome
coronavirus, or MERS-CoV) that was first identified in Saudi Arabia in 2012. 

Ebola outbreak of 2014–16, also called 2014 Ebola outbreak in West Africa or
Ebola outbreak of 2014, outbreak of Ebola virus disease that ravaged countries in
Ebola; ebolavirus  western Africa in 2014–16 and was noted for its unprecedented magnitude. By
January 2016, suspected and confirmed cases had totaled more than 28,600, and
reported deaths numbered about 11,300, making the outbreak significantly larger
than all previous Ebola outbreaks combined. The actual numbers of cases and
deaths, however, were suspected to be far greater than reported figures. The
causative virus was a type of Zaire ebolavirus known as Ebola virus (EBOV)—the
deadliest of the ebolaviruses, which originally was discovered in the 1970s in
central Africa. EBOV was descended from ebolaviruses harboured by fruit bats.