CONTENTS

Page
List of Tables xii
List of Figures xxi
List of Appendices xxiii
Acknowledgements xxix Abstract
xxx
1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 8
2.1 Resistance / Susceptibility 8
2.2 Physico-Morphic Characters 14
2.3 Infestation 17
2.4 Integrated Pest Management 21
2.5 Yield 32
3. MATERIALS AND METHODS 34

3.1. Research Area 34

3.2. Physico-chemical properties of soil at experimental sites 34
3.3. Meteorological data 36
3.4. Collection of germplasm / seeds 36
3.5. Preliminary screening of aubergine cultivars 36
3.6. Collection of data 37
3.6.1 Number of Eggs 37
3.6.2 Population of Brinjal shoot and fruit borer (larvae) 38
3.6.3 Percent Damaged Shoots 38
3.6.4 Percent Damaged Buds 39
3.6.5 Percent Damaged Flowers 39
3.6.6 Percent Damaged Fruits 40
3.7. Statistical analysis 40
3.8. Final Screening of Brinjal cultivars 41

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 3.9. Plant susceptibility indices 42
3.10. Statistical Analysis 42
3.11. Relationship of Physico-morphic Characters with L.
43orbonalis infestation on different brinjal cultivars
3.11.1 Stem girth 43
3.11.2 Moisture content 43
3.11.3 Hair density of leaf lamina /cm2 44
3.11.4 Hair density on fruit crown /cm2 44
3.11.5 Hair density on shoots stem /cm 44
3.11.6 Plant height(cm) 45
3.11.7 Trichomes on leaf 45
2
3.11.8 Leaf area /cm 45
3.11.9 Number of primary branches 45
3.11.10 Yield 46
3.12. Statistical analysis 46
3.13. Integration and evaluation of various control measures 47
for the management of brinjal shoot and fruit borer
3.14. Statistical Analysis 49

4. RESULTS

4.1. Preliminary screening of the different brinjal cultivars 50

4.1.1. Screening of brinjal cultivars based on the egg population 50
4.1.2. Screening of brinjal cultivars based on the larval population 51
4.1.3. Screening of brinjal cultivars based on the shoot infestation 56
4.1.4. Screening of brinjal cultivars based on the buds infestation 64
4.1.5. Screening of brinjal cultivars based on the flower infestation 64
4.1.6. Screening of brinjal cultivars based on the fruit infestation 72
4.2. Final Screening of Brinjal Cultivars 76
4.2.1. Screening of brinjal cultivars based on egg population 76
4.2.2. Screening of brinjal cultivars based on larval population 77

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 4.2.3.Screening of brinjal cultivars based on shoot infestation 78
4.2.4.Screening of brinjal cultivars based on buds infestation 84
4.2.5.Screening of brinjal cultivars based on flower infestation 84
4.2.6.Screening of brinjal cultivars based on fruit infestation 91
4.3.Host Plant Susceptibility Indices (HPSI) 94
4.3.1.HPSI based on larval population 94
4.3.2.HPSI based on fruit infestation 98
4.4.Average number of holes on damaged fruit of various 101
brinjal cultivars
4.5.Comparison of yield (kg) per plant of different 103
brinjal cultivars
4.6.Comparison of yield per plot (kg) of different brinjal 103
cultivars
4.7. Egg population per leaf of L. orbonalis on brinjal 107
(Solanum melongena) on various dates of observation.
4.8. Larval population per leaf of L. orbonalis on brinjal 111
(Solanum melongena) on various dates of observation.
4.9. Shoot infestation (%) by L. orbonalis on brinjal 113
(Solanum melongena) on various dates of observation
4.10. Bud infestation (%) by L. orbonalis on brinjal 115
(Solanum melongena) on various dates of observation
4.11. Flower infestation (%) by L. orbonalis on brinjal 117
(Solanum melongena) on various dates of observation
4.12. Fruit infestation (%) by L. orbonalis on brinjal 119
(Solanum melongena) on various dates of observation
4.13. Egg population per leaf of L. orbonalis on brinjal 121
(Solanum melongena) on various dates of observation
4.14. Larval population per leaf of L. orbonalis on brinjal 123
(Solanum melongena) on various dates of observation

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4.15. Soot infestation (%) by L. orbonalis on brinjal 125
(Solanum melongena) on various dates of observation
4.16. Bud infestation (%) by L. orbonalis on brinjal 125
(Solanum melongena) on various dates of observation
4.17. Flower infestation (%) by L. orbonalis on brinjal 128
(Solanum melongena) on various dates of observation
4.18. Fruit infestation (%) by L. orbonalis on brinjal 129
(Solanum melongena) on various dates of observation
4.19. Physico-morphic characteristics of brinjal cultivars 131
4.19.1. Hair density (cm2) on fruit crown of various brinjal cultivars 131
4.19.2. Moisture contents in fresh leaves of various brinjal cultivars 131
4.19.3. Hair density on leaf lamina of various brinjal cultivars 134
4.19.4. Hair density on stem/shoot of various brinjal cultivars 134
4.19.5.Plant Height (cm) of various brinjal cultivars after 40 days 137
of transplantation
4.19.6.Plant Height (cm) of various brinjal cultivars after 90 days 137
of transplantation
4.19.7.Plants Height (cm) after 140 days of transplantation 142
4.19.8. Stem girth (mm) after 40 days of transplantation 142
4.19.9. Stem girth (mm) after 90 days of transplantation 143
4.19.10.Stem girth (mm) after 140 days of transplantation 146
4.19.11.Leaf Area (cm2) after 40 days of transplantation of various 146
brinjal cultivars
4.19.12.Leaf Area (cm2) after 90 days of transplantation of various 149
brinjal cultivars
4.19.13.Leaf Area (cm2) after 140 days of transplantation of various 149
brinjal cultivars
4.19.14.Number of primary branches after 40 days of transplantation 153
of various brinjal cultivars

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 4.19.15.Number of primary branches after 90 days of transplantation 153
of various brinjal cultivars
4.19.16.Number of primary branches after 140 days of transplant- 156
ation of various brinjal cultivars
4.19.17.Number of trichomes on leaf among different brinjal 156
Cultivars
4.20. Integration of different methods for the management of 159
Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee.on Brinjal cultivar (Nirala)
4.21. Impact of control methods on larval population of Leucinodes 160
orbonalis (Guenee.) in brinjal cultivar (Nirala)
4.21.1. Impact of control methods in relation to larval population 160
4.21.1.1. Experimental plot, Rawalpindi 160
4.21.1.2. Experimental plot, NARC Islamabad 161
4.21.1.3. Experimental Plot, Taxila, Rawalpindi 166
4.21.2.Impact of control methods in relation to fruit infestation 166
4.21.2.1. Experimental Plot, Rawalpindi 166
4.21.2.2.Experimental Plot, NARC Islamabad 170
4.21.2.3.Experimental Plot, Taxila Rawalpindi 170
4.21.3. Impact of control methods in relation to yield q/acre 177
4.21.3.1. Experimental Plot, Rawalpindi 177
4.21.3.2. Experimental Plot, NARC Islamabad 181
4.21.3.3. Experimental Plot, Taxila Rawalpindi 181
4.22.Correlation between fruit infestation caused by L. orbonalis and 187
Physico - morphic characters
4.23. Impact of Physico-morphic plant characters on the fruit 188
infestation
4.24. Correlation of some abiotic factors with different parameters during 191
2007
4.25. Correlation of abiotic factors with different parameters during 193
2008

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 4.26. Population Monitoring of L. orbonalis moths through 195
Pheromone Traps
5. DISCUSSION 197

SUMMARY 208

CONCLUSION 212

RECOMMENDATION 212

LITERATURE CITED 213

APPENDICES 237

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