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2.halaman Depan
2.halaman Depan
THESIS
By:
INTAN WIJAYANTI
S200140019
2016
ABSTRACT
INTAN WIJAYANTI, S200140019. “THE USE OF PHRASES IN WRITING
DESCRIPTIVE TEXT BY THE STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 1
BOYOLALI IN 2015/2016 ACADEMIC YEAR.”Muhammadiyah University
of Surakarta.Thesis. 2016.
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Abstrak
Penelitian ini bepusat pada menganalisa (1) Kemampuan siswa dalam menulis
frase-frase dalam teks deskriptif (2) Dominan frase yang ditemukan dalam teks
deskriptif yang dibuat oleh siswa (3) Kostruksi frase yang digunakan oleh siswa-
siswa. Penelitian ini diambil di SMA Negeri 1 Boyolali. Penelitian ini
menerapkan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Subyek dari penelitian ini meliputi 320
siswa kelas duabelas dari SMA Negeri 1 Boyolali di tahun ajaran 2015/2016.
Untuk alasan efisiensi, penulis hanya mengambil satu kelas yang terdir dari 31
siswa. Mereka terdiri dari 24 siswa perempuan dan 7 siswa laki-laki.. Data dan
sumber data antaralain frase-frase yang ditulis oleh siswa kelas XII IIS 2 dalam
menulis deskriptif teks.hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, yang pertama,
kemampuan siswa kelas duabelas dari SMA Negeri 1 Boyolali dalam menulis
frase-frase deskriptif teks adala sangat bagus. Hal ini bisa dilihat dari presentase
darijumlah total frase yang benar (92.15%) dari total frase Yang salah (7.85%).
Frase tertinggi dari frase yang salah yang dibuay oleh siswa adalah pada frase
kata kerja. Mereka secara keseluruhan memproduksi 216 frase dengan jumlah
165 frase yang benar dan 51 frase yang salah. Siswa-siswa menggunakan lima
seluruh 5 frase dalam menulis deskriptif teks yang bernama frase kata benda,
frase kata kerja, frase kata sifat, frase keterangan, dan frase preposisi. Dominan
frase yang ditemukan dalam penulisan frase dari teks deskripsi yang ditulis oleh
siswa kelas duabelas dari SMA Negeri 1 Boyolali adalah frase kata benda
(47.94%). Penulis menemukan banyak konstruksi dari frase-frase yang dibuat
siswa dalam penulisan teks deskripsi dengan tema tempat-tempat besejarah.
Mereka memproduksi 43 konstruksi dari frasekata benda, dua konstruksi kata
kerja, frase kata sifat sebagai pelengkap, frase kata keterangan, dan 2 konstruksi
frase preposisi.
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MOTTO
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DEDICATION
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
guidance so that the writer is able to finish writing the research entitled “ The Use
everyone. Therefore, the writer would like to express her gratitude and
appreciation to:
University of Surakarta,
3. Dr. Anam Sutopo, S.Pd, M.Hum. and Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.d as the
4. Her beloved father and mother who always give warm feeling, prayer, care,
5. Her beloved husband (Arief Prastya) and son (Diandra Rafie Prastya) for
everything.
6. Her beloved brother (Bagas and Bagus) for all care, pray and support.
7. Her respondents (students of XII IS 2) who have given their time and support.
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8. Her closed friends (Maratina Indah, Dinar Setiyani, mbak Icha, Dian, and
Nandi) for the support, help, and being very good friends.
9. All friends of MPB Inggris Class A 2014 who have given their support and
motivation (Dyah, Dewi, Hesti, Linda, Rifky, ibu Nurul, mbak Indria, mbak
Linna, Nok, Hima, Tira, bang Muvid, mas Jimmy, mas Eko, mas Tono, mas
10. All of her families, friends, and leturers that cannot be mentioned one by one,
The writer realizes that this research is far from being perfect. Therefore, the
writer will accept all positive and constructive criticism and suggestion.
The writer
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TABLE OF CONTENT
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b) Freewriting ............................................................... 18
c) Clustering ................................................................. 18
b. The writing process ............................................................... 19
1) Writing Stage 1: PREWRITING .................................... 19
2) Stage II: PLANNING ..................................................... 19
a) Making sublist .......................................................... 19
b) Writing the topic sentence ........................................ 20
c) Outlining................................................................... 20
3) Stage III: WRITING and REVISING DRAFTS ............ 20
a) Writing the first rough draft. .................................... 20
b) Revising content and organization. .......................... 21
c) Proofreading the second reading. ............................. 21
d) Writing the final copy. ............................................. 22
c. Types of writing .................................................................... 22
1) Practical Writing ............................................................ 22
2) Creative or Imaginary Writing ....................................... 22
d. Purpose of writing ................................................................. 22
1) Informative ..................................................................... 22
2) Expressive or narrative ................................................... 23
3) Persuasive....................................................................... 23
e. Requirement of good writing ................................................ 23
1) Need ............................................................................... 23
2) Verification .................................................................... 23
3) Attainable ....................................................................... 24
4) Clarity............................................................................. 24
a) Unity ......................................................................... 24
b) Coherence ................................................................. 25
2. General Concept of Genre ........................................................... 25
a. General Concept of Genre ..................................................... 25
b. Kinds of Genre ...................................................................... 26
1) Description ..................................................................... 26
2) News Item ...................................................................... 27
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3) Report ............................................................................. 27
4) Analythical Exposition ................................................... 27
5) Hortatory Exposition ...................................................... 28
6) Explanation .................................................................... 28
7) Discussion ...................................................................... 29
8) Review ........................................................................... 29
9) Procedure ....................................................................... 29
10) Recount .......................................................................... 29
11) Narrative......................................................................... 30
12) Spoof .............................................................................. 30
3. Descriptive Text .......................................................................... 30
a. Definition of Descriptive Text .............................................. 30
1) Describing Process ......................................................... 31
2) Describing and event ...................................................... 31
3) Describing a personality ................................................. 31
4) Describing a place .......................................................... 31
5) Describing an object ....................................................... 32
b. Generic Concept of Descriptive Text .................................... 32
c. Grammatical Feature of Descriptive Text ............................. 32
4. Phrases......................................................................................... 33
a. Noun Phrase .......................................................................... 34
1) The definition of Noun Phrase ....................................... 34
2) The Construction of English Noun Phrase ..................... 35
a) Determiner ................................................................ 35
b) Pre modifier .............................................................. 38
c) Post modifier ............................................................ 39
3) The Complex Noun Phrase ............................................ 40
b. Verb Phrase ........................................................................... 41
1) Definition of verb phrase ............................................... 41
c. Adjective Phrase .................................................................... 44
1) Definition of Adjective Phrase ....................................... 44
2) Classes of adjective: ....................................................... 45
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3) Characteristic of the Adjective ....................................... 45
4) Syntactic functions of adjectives .................................... 46
d. Prepositional Phrase .............................................................. 50
1) Definition of Prepositional Phrase ................................. 50
2) Preposition and Prepositional Phrase ............................. 51
3) Simple and Complex preposition ................................... 52
a. Simple prepositions .................................................. 52
b. Complex prepositions ............................................... 52
4) Syntactic function of prepositional phrase ..................... 53
C. Theoretical Framework .................................................................. 54
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD ....................................................................... 56
A. Research Type ................................................................................. 56
B. Research Subject ............................................................................. 57
C. Research Object .............................................................................. 58
D. Data and Data Source ..................................................................... 58
E. Technique of Collecting Data ......................................................... 58
1. Observation ................................................................................. 58
2. Task ............................................................................................. 59
3. Documentation ............................................................................ 59
F. Data Validity.................................................................................... 60
G. Technique of Analyzing Data ......................................................... 60
CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION ............................................................. 62
A. The Students’ Ability in Writing Phrases in Descriptive Text.... 62
1. Noun phrase ................................................................................ 63
2. Verb phrase ................................................................................. 65
3. Adjective phrase .......................................................................... 66
4. Adverb phrase ............................................................................. 67
5. Prepositional phrase .................................................................... 67
B. The Dominant Phrase Found in Descriptive Text Made by the
Students. ........................................................................................... 70
C. The Construction of Phrases Used by the Students. .................... 71
1. Noun Phrase ................................................................................ 71
2. Verb Phrase ................................................................................. 87
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2.1 Main verb .............................................................................. 87
a) Present tense ................................................................... 87
b) Main verb participal ....................................................... 87
c) Infinitive ......................................................................... 87
2.2 Auxiliary verb ....................................................................... 88
a) An auxiliary (be) and a main verb past participle .......... 88
b) An auxiliary (have) and a main verb past participle ...... 88
c) A modal verb and a main verb ....................................... 88
d) An auxiliary (have) and a main verb perfect passive ..... 89
3. Adjective Phrase.......................................................................... 89
4. Adverb Phrase ............................................................................. 90
a. Adverb phrase with type of prepositions ............................... 90
b. Adverb phrase made with infinitives type of purpose ........... 90
5. Prepositional Phrase .................................................................... 91
D. Discussion of Research Finding ..................................................... 91
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, SUGGESTION ............................. 96
A. Conclusion ....................................................................................... 96
B. Implication ....................................................................................... 97
C. Suggestion ........................................................................................ 97
1. For students ................................................................................. 97
2. For teacher................................................................................... 98
3. For other researchers ................................................................... 98
BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 98
APPENDIX .................................................................................................................... 101
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LIST OF TABLE
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LIST OF FIGURE
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ABBREVIATION
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