Xn) (t-ogiay iol<i

AeaoApiS tem
A
(t-ae)(1-)

we may St CONNoLU SiON P2oPEaTy

ue easily e4hat =

Then property ags thort

e f i e a'yi Cnuoivs, on

taci)

CONVOLUSa

ooCe3.
,11. wnen n 29
 Tioqwrey paue Hleia). bTFT ÝAtn33

hi SinT)
h2
'p v he inpei is pertode degurce wih (mbomaaial pet*
No s chown aS

A fo,Lra S{fms
pes. t 2 So u car se
his 2 2 we reach all.
ehpdleity

2 Nes

Prop DTFre
Tof obtai
4) 1
xA) o 21Su 2fe)t a n 2re)
S

2q - 2
gves
fsef

Y[: X(L). AO) tquatinr

we cnsiser H ) restrickion
due to H(in ths intervot
Sadete ag 2id4wa2nE b incs i geli et alara
o Gorp (Yocaya ferekA
 )Co bolui sak

Dve fo stuctore o H (-4)

SoYA only 1frmk (ae) uke opartin V
oher HerhsQO7 y o i s ot Considesced
tl
du o periodic iby

.D.7.F. Y(AS y
rom Tabie: - |

vaues
o r al noeica) meicol

OrrE &G NCE tAON_soL VING WITH fovE

ind iouse tegahse:

ati d.1.f.1 bot sidas 1me Siing

H()t 4
-e
Hle Hzie

o the systtn
 X
(hnel hnefie

) A
AB

3A26

/0

E Caraike des ciled by

o)Deierie e tespon HE)o4 he aste

b the tolse tesporse h o kesysien

Y(.)-x(a) XLa)

H[)
x(a) 1 ea

REACREMGE TE HA

b)()
s( Xayn [6().4(a 3 nlen

H(a).xa)

TSa-) H) +nsa HC)

(ante

ThistcmS sleanis cos ()-jsin( )

RE ACRENE

e t a ()jain(
1

THS E DESS1o DoESATTALE ARAêT

H).e raqPhaan. fepremalsINout tALE
SAL?
.&(
L
Y(n)Tstng)2Han|()Tslal1.324"(-Va
APPLING INVERSE FoveE

adin phar
USip euler cos t
 Discoele. Fourier Tras

e.Ca)W 21)

h sample

x 43.

- (2n/n) (d.4).

XN-3 w).
h3

v-1) IN-4) N4)

xLo3<CLIe271/) (N-1),.6 x e ) (N4)(N)

More Com paci Form
Mottir-Vector)
1 x xCo)
o
Xto1 itsmo

Xu e
(M)
1M)0) Vee or $i?e
xON1 Vector
si1e
Arothaf
prosennt:on
otI
w WN
WN wN**

whdo(u W )
 Ddoki on shiP bef uaeen XAand xe3
x(

xe 2, k 100Ue)EN

A Continus nSfatmali en(rqerc1 Specion s confinuns}

he Samgles ves i
sigrete
tanstatenatian Sap

L cepresers
re
iuerse a G
 D.F.1

IF. T

Lemi nder
.ay G e

Via d[ and
copaior metrik 6

let's tokce a look 4 4e folmuk:

NUER sorere fourier Transp

(2m/)

J(2n/A[4) i-t

Convote o4
 ) x p - v[n)- vLoNJ

a)K n S )

k uals
WA
w

CRDCo

a1Cobe lY)Dhr

x=4,0,-4,0

ol yr- 01.hbi

xh)0odH X[hkFJnsd XC31nC32mady

YCoJ.hiomod

4. Some Sie ot y omple Sile ot yt) and ht

anptes Sipr a is not kept Con a Cnin i o

d col oA
CrculorConupuS *Ofder

h? ) h[t)
ys hto
nt13 hto3 h[3h)

hT3 hC) nti] kt3

yC3
 o 0SnN
a)ind F
bFind N-Poit .F.XO 3 4xUn
N

xA) k
( ) N/2j(-N) N/2
e a-2.) -s( L7 6)/2(a dol

e
S(n-o N-1)/2 in ( )N/2J
sinA-)/2

blXte3-K(A
wlyu cinsinsen
4aziyoru

NOTES

ikisi de Xx Sveri
Ex
a)FinaAh DfKTe3 3ED.i23

X 21)2
XTA
XAD
X03

b e nee Hermedia moT

-2

2-2
XST

2-Transt otm
 anstot
Laplate Aconsarm i n diserete time

Wele
Catrpued oesolulely sumak
reefeseAt
All sieas cokreps in specii 2 in2 damain for all tine domain s prels

e.can osil4aer AveStobily asys

r a r design Sipal mus bStoble. We anno qpe uait h nslble Sychem pihraf unt

And olso, sia wus4 be Oau Sal for phsytcal applieab

Dipill Hers are eealy desipn cxpress edapphed reptesented i derms o4u

2rans
phase walu

palr noiati
DT.FT
IF WE UTIuRE7lono
D. =2kinD.. 2
D.TFT

2.0.C Conver pe*

Se 2 kt

xC Xe) p9 c:s a1o

xC

Renenbe iet
 Fx:
and R)2.0.

Ex tn). -
uCa-43

xla 2-uc
o

xt3: oodC

A-

Reoita

Qnd

is itpashibleo Sos Hie.2conditio

THAT Nor s$8LE Use Bohttkess Ceve rse cce ftam each athd
LO.CLarli lbe writtr
The e-lransfarmod the DTFT

a egresen e

4
 ole
eio Ste t
Place s
Poles
Stablit Commenw.rt Ima

phsble roc

Places of Pole atcdes

WH respect to
Stalbility Comne
UnH citcle

Cfc
belbnod
3 pospe..C
es s fobs ue Roc de
Crdes o he
innerrost pole Crcle

2 possi ble 2.O.d Kina betwetes uo

pole circe
ing 3rocin da
calen 2. O.cloc ala 'h
SiAyalerin .o.ctor. cesisiminden agot"
Possile OC OuBsidc aemo St pole Circle

h is wh e suy with
oE CLecuis
For ipht Side Seaverces 2.0c regio
must loe

tor lo4t Side seqvan ces

sral
2.0.Creg on
LL must be.
 Xa):
0.5) (a-Ity)13)

4s pssue .D.c

2posslble .0.
A/) 3/g
3 outeMost cirde

iald Sidel

kC
let Sidtd

SIRce tFT evalvaied is e 2 - a r d{amor Hhe evaluaied aite urt ciclej

trat DTET t a Seq venee eyi'sts ane only i4 the kI.C

indudts he voalde
(ffeqverey dovein yar olAS1i
aboe Singali Unit cilee 2 aPai

LXel-3--0L) R.0.c.:S
(-{++0.5-j o3)
(105 +j%5
Cr Stan
poles

Cat yo celermi
xrJus1 by usig pole 2ce plot

Consiant
- 1 i poss ible we
to0w
 Ahat we have P
pole o p

Snoleqtt o OC (9)
and aso ri2-9

stobilifycovsali

s passi6le 2o.c

a o nN 1 a

we Con reartn te ts

N
KaK)-Xlz)
-0

poe Re1 COnce (t)

Dele eros at
Ond pol -poles at ,A)-1
CorCel o { h Orde po
2acdh otvef

bura da 2cro-Pole iain teoffonpemest uaphie bon Gonfo birrini pötte (es.
Söylemti
s der dalo o da palels uor
podes- (Urs+ Poles ote tl ov
fovlet gidigor
2 l e s 2 -odolay perosu 2 e " " 2o.e . 2 3,, N1

le Pore ertep fa Ina - o lomo

fore ero val
- 2omon o da esas olordu
paleve trs t ve vai)
fakat - « da pode
2eros
 toc Prape ies o Phol ThasotmsA
1. The oCsa diski he 2pMoe cesered af the brpin
. The Ro
dnnecon

i-ltophScguce h Rod e
possiby t0or lal-oo

qudece . ks ounta ar
A laqst mog

1 an intisie-leth kt-siae
Eeqiece Hbee lds rund a re
Ssalles
maitule nisepoie oK)
an passialy nciudiagO
SaniAtilengtn ta Sidt Seqjenct Ahan tne
.0.cwllo a.Gg.
ane bounded an te
ioieioc ac ekerlor b a
pale acd poi
caeiai
X P
nsnc -dard(zic and. cloeheh the
de Rero plot lith ihe Ro.
pliauing Sinuekce

Ro. .0C2
117
Ple (s)
 i for 2ommor loc
d (

-0

Xlal

2aI
X

?3t 3t2 -32)

Stmp ie rachi'se

remain
Xl?) we calle
2 6? 4

Ao

A
and loc: Ia(<

Xt):2 6h!], 6tn1+ vn4] -L2 uLn-4]

LECUS1VE PoLE
a-p)" H(a)

ExX(al= el72
al1M-2

A A A
2 a(3-4)(-2 ) (-2)
Ag

Au (-11 1 A (e-a
2
A 22
(al2
 . 3/4

ComMoA Rel 1al 2

2)
p t si ded)

CON sive
Port
uikIplied
(Doaapt)
Ex
fin he intest 3-totN
Klal24 3e

Conra
s fst ompliecatad ntaotlve order D?ahe Unotnlor, havirt o r Coeicen eie

ren we loo ore ple ) trs we cansuppose. t t conbe p l e for equation u i ATUAULY

is pole
fohsse
Reott arpe he auat. n +o mofe fomiar 2rmS

3
23 ua+3 2u7 +3

2 S,
22 3 2u+3 e2u3

co Xlel= 3a5) XLe) )

(Fo
Actordire ta 1his tuotton: R
in4ime Xn): 2x, Tn-11 xi[n31 3x,Cn-s3 (E 3)
doroit
3)So i4 we Conpy le TUST X (2) in Ea We Con Solve Ea 3

4) Aply Port iok Frocti ponsior 4 X

2+iat3 (an) (au3) (ar3
sor4

A A A
(a) (a:3) 2 1-3

X,LalA12 - =? so la
fro Hable
 iiery

onelbtign Thearem
wh e doma
Ya: a.X{e)

H)inps respbnde

HC

0.Commen+
Cans fer 4uOchia npuls.esponse)

fnite-Jengt
at zero dotiepondig
og Polcs

tho Rc ie ail 2120

T(ofvenSyshemoa e
ond hos Poles nota tco
o a Causal sustem
h t a t s E f u n dtiohorrespon.ds

rebpaigigkinoadoe o.4 ixtendot wad

oTeporde
o
Dantinite length Impulse

o Land poasibly includiig l=0o

ihelafaa ituee aite pole o X2)

SysitmS Coto

felatian behwen Cousal

=Foror.t-covso. sem os evefsibg

his siluati on
 tfanse fet
NA CAusA

Transor Fuction DescoptionCapabilities and Limitations

a st be memoiuless odnanti ysto

Can eSClae ausal ond on cousa o4stem (R.0.C)

Not Usefvl 4or non-i neal systemms

No
use or tine Vanyag stens Sustem boaziar Chongtngwih tire
No exolla+ access te intenal bchavis f ot slen
Ne&Toe Sstums Contians ASSUMPTio

YS TEM s ELAXED

DETELmNING STABLITY FLOM TLNSE P FUNCTI S

in Tme

r Hence anLi sysiem i61 salae

n d On h e Roc ot (a) induies the UT CIRL

hs
cotid tior 9.so 2nSires re DTFT ests
(all ot 1he poles is nside the vat
cirde)

Aoc: 1 2 s 4his 6
Sastem stoble
wkoish3-7
Sorudan oc ineludes unit circe
Ver Sqsdem is 6D slable
stem

T AUST 6t CAUSAL SYSTEm

PHMSICAL WolLb sYSTEm
AL forN1
Loc lalC2 indudes nlt clrcle

BBo skule
sied)

xtJ u
Do u rom Acue
From ntrt s

( 3)4)
lel

Ma)A A )a

o-4 lal

A- onD + als step resfonse stn

E Xln ond hl ore give y x l r aoa)

XLel
-

ntercechin
lal Xla) Hle al nax(ot,B)
NVERSE E Ve
(a-B)aa)
Y(a) 2 A .
(2-a (-3) 2

a-
 terc

ll mox(8,a)
a

Wha bhappens B ia Ane abave xompe

yle)22 Lallal

Y A
(2a (2-a2

focA- faA da

Yel
2-

EXTe output otkestenyn th3ua)and 2 d

ind ht-
uuhen Ul: uth
sieptesLnD 2-

Hs)Yal-2. 24)

INVELSEOF H()
Portial fiochian
He)2( A Al 24

A la-) -
0eer hind Ste (uhcthes Hlt)

.)xu)
3 posi ble POC

H(eYe)

1Gaia hat i prbblem CAu SAL l

NE
LSt oF Hi)

A A

hn(ar-(4

opLespon Se D4se
e spo
Xla) ,lal Val Sl

WaWe greaby now He) 5So X().He)=Ste) 3

sel-A
)64)

A 4)) (ae)
2
(o-1!)
Stal 8/2 21 (V3)a
So
sto r 2 ( . (obi