NIZWA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

Student’s Name:
ID No:
SECTION : LEVEL : B-Tech.

Final Examination for Semester 02, AY 2016-17

Date: Thursday, 30th March 2017, Time: 12:00 PM -2:00 PM

EETE 4220: Digital communications and switching

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 TOTAL
PART A
[ Answer all ]

1 * 20 = 20 marks 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

PART B 1 2 3 4
[ Answer all ]

4 * 4= 16 marks

1 2 3
PART C
[ Answer any 2 ]
7 * 2 =14 marks
TOTAL
[50 marks]
Answer all questions using Pen and diagrams (if any) with Pencil
Prepared by: Dr. Wisam Al-Azzo

Corrected By: ________________________ Checked By: ___________________

Date : ________________________ Date : ___________________
 Part A
Answer all the questions Marks : 20 x 1 = 20
Choose the correct answer (Q1 --- Q11):
1 What is the major factor that makes coaxial cable less susceptible to noise than twisted-
pair cable?
(a) Inner conductor (b) Diameter of cable (c) Outer sheath (d) Insulating material

2 Aliasing can be defined as errors occurring when

(a) The sample rate exceeds twice the input frequency.
(b) The bandwidth is less than the input frequency.
(c) The number of bits per sample is low.
(d) The sampling signal has been incorrectly identified.

3 In _______encoding, three levels are used: positive, zero, and negative.

(a) Unipolar RZ (b) Bipolar RZ (c) Polar NRZ (d) Manchester NRZ

4 The ________ rate defines the number of data elements sent in 1sec; the ______ rate is
the number of signal elements sent in 1sec.
(a) data; signal (b) signal; data (c) bit; baud (d) baud; bit

5 The channel capacity of a noiseless channel can be improved by

(a) Increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. (b) Decreasing the channel bandwidth.
(c) Applying error correction technique. (d) Applying M-ary modulation scheme.

6 If the baud rate of a 64-QAM signal is 2000 symbol/sec, the bit rate is ________ bps?
(a) 300 (b) 400 (c) 1000 (d) 12000

7 Amount of information is represented by ______

(a) I(Sk) (b) Pk (c) 1/ Pk (d) H

8 The main objective of the source coding techniques is to

(a) Detect and correct errors. (b) Remove redundant bits.
(c) Improve the channel capacity. (d) Reliable communication.

9 _______ provides redundancy to ensure error detection.

(a) Source coding (b) Line coding (c) Block coding (d) Digital modulation

10 In a multiplexed system, ____ information sources share the bandwidth of ____ link.
(a) 1; n (b) 1; 1 (c) n; 1 (d) n; n

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11 The ________ between two codewords is the number of differences between
corresponding bits.
(a) Huffman distance (b) Hamming distance
(c) Entropy (d) syndrome

Fill in the blanks (Q12 --- Q16):

12 AWGN stands for __________________________________________________.
13 We can divide source coding schemes into two main categories: ______________ and
______________.
14 Spreading of a pulse beyond its interval and overlap with neighbor pulses is known as
______________________________.
15 To guarantee correction of up to 5 errors in all cases, the minimum Hamming distance in
a block code must be greater than or equal to ________.
16 In a simple even parity check coding system, the _____ parity bit should be added to the
message 11001101 before transmission.

State whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE ( Q17 – Q20 )
17 Huffman coding is a type of variable length lossy source coding technique.
TRUE FALSE

18 The quantization error of PCM systems for weak signals can be made less significant by
companding process.
TRUE FALSE

19 Switching connects two distant users via central switch.

TRUE FALSE

20 In Statistical TDM multiplexing system, each source given fixed time slot.
TRUE FALSE

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 PART B
Answer All the questions: Marks: 4 x 4 = 16
(Each question carries 4 marks)

1 For the Binary sequence 1100010, draw the waveforms for the following line codes:
(a) I. Polar NRZ II. Unipolar RZ
[2 marks]

(b) Compare briefly between the coaxial cable and optical fiber cable. NOTE: use the
following table in comparison.
[2 marks]
Coaxial cable Optical fiber cable
Rate of data
transmission

Effect of noise

Construction
(state only names
of layers)

Spacing between
repeaters

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2 Show that c={000,001,101} is not a linear code.
(a)
[1 mark]

(b) Determine the code efficiency without use of any source encoding techniques for an
information source produces 4-different symbols (A, B, C, D) having probabilities of
0.5, 0.2, 0.2, and 0.1 respectively.
[2 marks]

(c) Draw the block diagram of the minimum shift keying (MSK) modulator.
[1 mark]

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 3 A noiseless channel of bandwidth B=50 kHz. Determine the value of M for
(a) transmitting the QAM symbols in 800 kbps bit rate. Determine also the bandwidth
efficiency.
[2 marks]

(b) Write short notes on why pulse shaping is needed, and how it is implemented.
[2 marks]

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 4 Compute the Huffman code for the following discrete memoryless source generates the
(a) alphabet symbols:
A B C D E
0.4 0.25 0.2 0.1 0.05
[2 marks]

(b) Compare briefly between the analog and digital communication systems. NOTE: use
the following table in comparison.
[2 marks]
ANALOG COMMUNICATION DIGITAL COMMUNICATION
SYSTEMS SYSTEMS
Hardware
Flexibility

Applications (one
example for each)

Error
performance

Multiplexing type

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 PART C
Answer ANY TWO questions: Max Marks : 2 X 7 = 14
Each question (Q-1 to Q-3) carries 7 marks
1 A 4 kHz band-limited CT signal is sampled at a rate 40 % higher than the Nyquist
rate, and uniform quantized by 64 levels to generate PCM binary stream. Find the
following:
(a) The number of bits/sample in the PCM systems.
(b) The minimum bandwidth required for transmission.
(c) The quantization error, and signal to quantization noise ratio (in dB) in PCM transmitter.
Given =10 dB, and a CT signal vary from -5V-to-+5V.
(d) The number of minutes of the PCM signal that can be stored in a 700 Mbyte CD disk.
(e) Draw the spectrum of the sampled signal showing all the required values on it. Assume
triangular spectrum of the CT signal.
[1+1+2+2+1 marks]

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2 Consider an (n, k) block code with the following generator matrix. Find the following:
(a) The values of n and k.
(b) The detection and correction capacities of the code.
(c) The codeword c for the message m=1001.
(d) The syndrome for the received vector r = 1101011.
(e) Assume this code is used on a channel with Pbe=0.01. What is the probability of receiving
codeword free from error?
[1+1+2+2+1 marks]

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3 A digital PCM signal of 100 kbps is modulated by a 16-QAM scheme and transmitted
over an AWGN channel with bandwidth 10 kHz and SNR=20 dB. Find the following:
(a) The bit error rate (Pbe) of the QAM scheme.
(b) The channel capacity. Analyze: is the transmission is reliable or not?
(c) Draw the constellation diagram of the QAM modulator.
(d) The probability of bit error of the channel of uncoded (no channel coding) communication
system.
NOTE: Use approximate formula to compute Q(.) function.
[2+2+1+2 marks]

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