Module1 - MCQ

MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL
PHYSICS
THE COLLECTED TASKS
Module I Materials for the testing of knowledge level of the students
MODULE 1. BASICS OF BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS
Topic 7. Determination of Threshold of Audibility by Audiometric Method
7.1 What oscillations are called harmonic?

a) amplitude of which decrease in time; b) realized under the law sine or cosine;
c) realized to account of action of external periodic force.
7.2 What of the given methods are applied in clinic as a sonic?

a) introscopy, holography, interferometry; b) auscultation, phonocardiography, percussion;
c) echoencephalography, cardiography, rheography.
7.3 Audible range: waves are in the frequency range

a) from about 20 to 2000 Hz; b) from about 20 to 20000 Hz;
c) from about 200 to 2000 Hz; d) no correct answer.
7.4 Classification of sound:

a) acoustic shock, pitch, tones; b) noise, loudness, tones;
c) tones, noise, sound blow; d) no correct answer.
7.5 What is a wavelength?

a) number of oscillations for one second; b) distance, which passes front of wave for one
period;
c) maximum deviation of point from equilibrium d) time, during which one full oscillation is
position; realized.
7.6 What is frequency of oscillations?

a) maximum deviation from equilibrium position; b) number of oscillations for one second;
c) distance, which passes front of wave for one d) time, during which one full oscillation is
period; realized.
7.7 What is amplitude?

a) number of oscillations for one second; b) distance, which passes front of wave for one
period;
c) maximum deviation of point from equilibrium d) time, during which one full oscillation is
position; realized.
7.8 What is period of oscillations?

a) maximum deviation from equilibrium position; b) number of oscillations for one second;
c) distance, which passes front of wave for one d) time, during which one full oscillation is
period; realized.
7.9 Objective characteristics of sound:

a) frequency, harmonic spectrum, loudness, b) frequency, harmonic spectrum, intensity of
pressure of sound wave; sound wave, loudness, pressure of sound wave;
c) frequency, harmonic spectrum, intensity of d) frequency, pitch, intensity of sound, pressure
sound, pressure of sound wave; of sound wave;
e) frequency, quality or timbre, pitch, loudness.
7.10 Subjective characteristics of sound:

a) harmonic spectrum, intensity of sound wave, b) pitch, intensity of sound, pressure of sound
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loudness, quality or timbre; wave;

c) frequency, intensity of sound, pressure of sound d) loudness, quality or timbre, pitch;
wave;
e) harmonic spectrum, intensity of sound wave, pressure of sound wave, quality or timbre.
7.11 What is energy characteristic of sound?

a) frequency; b) power of sound;
c) sound pressure; d) intensity;
e) intensity level.
7.12 Timbre is determined by:

a) frequency; b) intensity;
c) harmonic spectrum; d) all answers are correct.
7.13 What is equation for harmonic wave motion?

a)  x b) at 2 ;
y( x ,t )  A sin f  t   ; x  x0  0t 
  2
c)   0  t .
7.14 What condition defines sound blow?
a) linear nature of acoustic spectrum; b) short time of sound action;
c) nonharmonic of wave process; d) harmonic of wave process;
e) composite, non-periodic dependency of frequency and amplitude.
7.15 What condition defines simple sound tone?

a) short time of sound action b) nonharmonic of wave process
c) linear nature of acoustic spectrum d) harmonic of wave process
e) composite, non-repeating in time, dependency of frequency and amplitude
7.16 The pitch of sound is determined by:

a) frequency; b) intensity;
c) harmonic spectrum; d) all answers are correct.
7.17 Sound loudness is determined by:

a) harmonic spectrum; b) ear sensitivity;
c) sound pressure; d) health of the ear;
e) all answers are correct.
7.18 What formula correct describes Weber-Fechner law?

a) I b)  I 
LB  lg ; E  k lg   ;
I0  I0 
c) I d) I  I0
LdB  10 lg ; EF  10 ln .
I0 I0
7.19 Choose correct definition of audiogram:

a) graphic dependency of loudness level versus b) graphic dependency of threshold of superior
the intensities level sound; limit of audition versus frequency;
c) graphic dependency of interior limit of audition d) graphic dependency of interior limit of audition
versus frequency; versus intensity of sound;
e) hearing.
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7.20 Intensity (or power) of sound is

a) F b)  2 A2
p
;   .;
A 2
c) p d) E
Z ; I ,.
 S t
7.21 Audiometry method means:
a) measurement of intensity level of the sound; b) measurement loudness level of sound;
c) measurement of sound intensity; d) determining acuity of hearing;
e) measurement sound pressure on air-drum of f) measurement of threshold of pain.
human;
7.22 What is the sense of audiometry?

a) in measurement of threshold pain; b) determination of hearing;
c) in measurement of loudness level; d) in measurement of sound intensity;
e) in measurement of intensity level of sound; f) in measurement sound pressure on air-drum of
human.
7.23 Sound's intensity level:

a) E b) I ;
I ; E  k lg
S t I0
c) I ; d) I
LB  lg E ph  10 lg .
I0 I0
7.24 Unit of a level of intensity is:

a) 1 Bell (B); b) 1 W/m2;
c) 1 Phon; d) 1 m2/W.
7.25 Level of the sound’s loudness is expressed by formula:

a) mi 2 A2 b) I
Ei  .; E  k lg ;
2 I0
c) A 
2 2 d) I
I ; LB  lg .
2 I0
Specific acoustic resistance (impedance) is given by formula (where  - density, c –

7.26
propagation velocity):
a)  2 A2 b)  x
  .;    t   ;
2  
c)   2  f ; d) z0    c .
7.27 In a vacuum, all electromagnetic waves have the same

a) intensity; b) wavelength;
c) speed; d) frequency;
c) amplitude;
7.36 Which part of human ear converts sound vibrations into electrical signals
a) Hammer; b) Tympanic membrane;
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c) Stirrup; d) Cochlea.
7.37 What is the measure of the response of the ear to the sound known as?
a) pitch; b) loudness;
c) intensity; d) amplitude
7.38 What is the measure of the response of the ear to the sound known as?
a) pitch; b) loudness;
c) intensity; d) amplitude
Topic 8. Ultrasonic Diagnostic and Therapeutic Equipment.
8.1 Frequency of ultrasound is:

a) 20 to 2000 Hz; b) 2·104 Hz - 1013 Hz;
c) 20 to 20000 Hz; d) 2·102 Hz - 2·1014 Hz.
8.2 What action has ultrasound on human organism?

a) raises arterial pressure, raises pulse frequency; b) heat, mechanical, chemical;
c) oppresses nervous system, causes vibrodisease.
8.3 What from these sources radiate ultrasonic oscillations?

a) human voice, drum, piano; b) radio, television set, megaphone;
c) volcanic eruption, jet motor.
8.4 Unit of intensity of ultrasonic radiation is:

a) J/m·s; b) N/m2·s2;
2
c) W/m ; d) kg·m/s.
8.5 Frequency of infrasound is:

a) 20 to 2000 Hz; b) more than 20000 Hz;
c) up to 16 (20) Hz; d) more than 200 Hz.
Specific acoustic resistance (impedance) is given by formula (where  - density, c –

8.6
propagation velocity):
a) z0   / c ; b) z 0   2  c ;
c) z0    c 2 ; d) z 0    c .
8.7 How do infrasound effect on human body?

a) heat, mechanical, chemical; b) raises arterial pressure, raises pulse frequency;
c) oppresses nervous system, causes vibration disease.
8.8 What quantity is defined by ultrasound method, based on Doppler’s effect?

a) friction coefficient; b) viscosity of liquids;
c) elasticity coefficient; d) surface tension coefficient;
e) blood flowing velocity.
8.9 What is defined by ultrasound method, doppler’s effect based on ?

a) photoeffect; b) back piezoelectric;
c) vacuolization; d) magnetostriction;
e) Hall’s.
8.10 What physical phenomena’s are used for generation of ultrasound?

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a) phenomena of resonance, Doppler’s effect; b) effect an vacuolization;

c) back piezoelectric effect, magnetostrictive d) photoeffect, phenomena of electromagnetic
effect; induction.
Complete the definition: The Doppler effect (or the Doppler shift) is the change in …………
8.11
of a wave in relation to an observer who is moving relative to the wave source.
a) propagation velocity; b) energy;
c) intensity; d) frequency.
8.12 What is piezoelectric effect?

a) in variable magnetic field the mechanical b) in variable magnetic field the change of their
deformation of piezoelectric took place; linear sizes of piezoelectric took place;
c) at compression or sprain the electric charges of d) under deformation on surfaces of metal the
opposite signs appear on the surfaces of metals; magnetic fields appear;
e) under mechanical deformation of piezoelectric on its opposite sides appear electric charges of
opposite signs.
8.19 How is a medium characterized (for USD)?

a) By its thickness; b) By its acoustic impedance;
c) By its water content; d) By its density
8.20 Speed of ultrasound depends upon.

a) medium; b) material;
c) amplitude; d) wavelength
8.21 A sound wave which has frequency higher than upper limit of human hearing is.
a) infrasound; b) supersound;
c) ultrasound; d) megasound
8.22 What type of waves are Sound Waves?.

a) Latitudinal waves; b) Longitudinal wave;
c) Latitudinal mechanical waves; d) Longitudinal waves
8.23 What is the unit of loudness?.

a) Bel; b) Decibel;
c) Phon; d) All of the above
8.24 What do dolphins, bats and porpoise use.

a) Ultrasound; b) Both Ultrasound and Infrasound;
c) Infrasound; d) None of them
8.25 Which of the following sound waves are used in echocardiography?

a) ultrasound; b) between 20 to 2000 Hz;
c) Infrasound; d) None correct answer
8.26 A piezoelectric crystal is used to produce the ultrasound waves. What kind of ultrasound is
produced?
a) Simple ultrasound; b) Pressure wave ultrasound;
c) Electrical wave ultrasound; d) Sound wave ultrasound
8.27 Which characteristic is this? We can distinguish between sound having same pitch and
loudness
a) Tone; b) Pitch;
c) Note; d) Timber
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8.28 The Doppler effect is characteristic of

a) all of these b) light waves
c) none of these d) sound waves
e) water waves
8.29 Piezoelectric effect is when materials produce electric charges when ____________
a) Mechanical Stress is applied b) Electric field is applied
c) Voltage is applied d) Magnetic field is applied
8.30 Reverberation of sound is used in

a) Stethoscope; b) Trumpets;
c) Megaphone; d) All of these
Topic 9. Basics of Biomechanics
9.1 How name the lever, giving advantage in force, but loss in displacement
a) force lever; b) acceleration lever;
c) displacement lever.
9.2 As a example of the lever of speed we consider

a) action of foot; b) balance of skull;
c) moving the forearms.
9.3 Choose the formula, expressing a main equation of dynamics of rotating motion:
a) M  J   ; b) M  F  R
c) J    J   ; d) J  m  r 2 ;
1 1 2 2
e)
    
L  p  r  m  r
9.4 The decreasing of moment of inertia of rotary body results in:

a) decreasing its angular acceleration; b) decreasing its angular velocity;
c) increasing its angular velocity.
9.5 How much degrees of freedom has the body, which rotates around fixed axis:
a) two; b) one;
c) three; d) six.
9.55 How much degrees of freedom has the body, moving in three-dimensional space:
a) two; b) one;
c) three; d) six.
9.6 For measurement of mechanical work, which executes person, use:

a) manometers; b) barometers;
c) ergometers; d) micrometers.
9.7 What equation expresses Steiner’s theorem:

a) M  J   2 ; b) J a  J c  md 2 ;
  
c) L  p   d) ml
 r  m  r ; J 
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9.8 Choose formula for moment of inertia thin pivot of mass m and length l relative the axis,
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perpendicular to pivot and passing through its middle:

a) ml b) ml 2
J  ; J  ;
2 12
c) ml d) 2ml
J ; J ;
5 5
9.9 Resulting force, acting on the particle under centrifuging is defined by formula:
a) F    V   2  r ; b)
F  (   1 )  V   2  r ;
c)
F  1  V   2  r ; d) F   1   V  g
9.10 Choose formula for moment of inertia cylinder of mass m and radius R relative:
a) m  l2 b) m R2
J ; J  ;
12 2
c) J  m  R 2 ; d) 2
J   m  R2 ;
5
9.11 Choose the formula for moment of inertia sphere of mass m and radius R:
a) m  l2 b) J  m  R 2 ;
J ;
12
c) 2 d) m R2
J   m  R2 ; J ;
5 2
9.12 Choose the formula for moment of force:

a) J  m  r 2 ; b) M  F  h ;
c) M  J   ; d) L  J   ;
2
e) W  J  .
2
9.13 Choose the formula for moment of inertia:

a) J  m  r2 ; c) L  J  ;
b) M  J  ; d) M  F  R ;
2
e) W J .
2
9.14. Choose the formula, expressing the law of conservation of angular momentum.
a) M  J  ; c) M  F R;
b) J   J  ; d) J  m  r2 ;
 1  1 2 2 
e) L  p  r  m  r
9.15 Choose the formula for angular momentum:

a) J  m  r2 ; c) L  J  ;
b) M  J  ; d) M  F R;
2
e) W  J  .
2
9.16 Choose the formula, expressing the main equation of dynamics of rotational motion
8
a) J  m  r2 ; c) L  J  ;
b) M  J  ; d) M  F  R ;
2
e) W J .
2
9.26 Angular momentum is:

a) The square root of the moment of inertia; b) The square root of angular velocity;
c) The difference of angular velocity and d) The product of moment of inertia and angular
momentum; velocity;
e) The sum of moment of inertia and angular velocity.
9.27 An ice skater is spinning fast with her arms tight against her body. When she extends her
arms, which of the following statements is not true?
a) She increases her moment of inertia; b) She decreases her angular velocity;
c) Her moment of inertia remains constant; d) She will spin slower;
e) Her total angular momentum will remain constant.
9.28 What does the moment of inertia describe?

a) The average position of mass in an extended b) How the mass of an object is distributed about
object; a rotational axis;
c) How a force can rotate an object; d) The linear acceleration of an object;
e) The tendency of an object to move in a straight line.
Topic 10. Study of an Elastic Properties of Bone Tissue.
10.1 What does “hardness” of a material mean?

a) ability of bodies to destroy at small deformation b) ability of bodies to counteract penetration into
them other bodies;
c) an ability of material to deform without any d) an ability of material to get back after
rupture by non-returnable way (after removing removing the couses of changes (for example
the load there are staying permanent load) into the original state..
deformations);
10.2 What does “plasticity” of a material mean?
them other bodies;
deformations);
10.3 What is the SI unit of Young's modulus?

a) Pa; b) Watt/m2;
c) m/s; d) m.
10.4 What does “elasticity” of a material mean?

them other bodies;
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deformations);
10.5 What model is identified as Kelvin–Voigt model?

a) b)
c)
10.6 Unit of mechanical stress is: ?

a) m/s; b) N/m2;
c) m; d) s;
e) dimensionless.
10.7 What model is identified Zener model?

a) b)
c)
10.8 What from these formulas defines axial strain?

a) l = l - l0 ; b) d
 
;
d0
c) l d) F
 ;   el .
l0 A
10.9 Types of stress
a) Internal, External and combine; b) Elastic and Plastic;
c) Compression, Tension and Shear;
10.10 What are the units for the Young Modulus?
a) J; b) N/m3;
c) N/m2; d) no units.
10.11 Presence what structures, is conditioned elasticity and toughness bone fabrics?
a) collagen and elastin fibres ant their complexes; b) elastin an hydroxyapatite;
c) collagen an hydroxyapatite crystals; d) collagen and elastin.
10.12 What model is identified as the Maxwell model?

a) b)
c)
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10.13 Types of strain (deformation):

a) Elastic and Plastic; b) Compression, Tension and Shear;
c) Internal and External. d)
10.14 The formula that describes Poisson's ratio is:

a)  b) l
 ;
 ; l0

c) Fel  k  x d)   E   .
e) Fel
 
A
10.15 What from these formulas defines the notion of transverse strain?
a) l ; b) F
   el
l0 A
c) l = l - l0; d) d
 
d0
10.16 The formula that describes mechanical stress is:
a)  b) Fel  k  x ;
  ;

c) l ; d) Fel
  .
l0 A
10.17 The formula that describes Young's modulus is:
a)  ; b) l ;
E  
 l0
c) F d) 
  el ;  ;
A 
e) . Fel  k  x
10.27 Young's modulus is defined as.

a) tensile strain/tensile stress; b) tensile stress × tensile strain;
c) tensile stress/tensile strain; d) length/area.
10.28 If the material recovers the original dimensions, when an external load is removed, this
deformation is known as ______ deformation.
a) plastic; b) elastic;
c) permanent; d) irreversible.
10.29
If there is an increase in the length of the body in the direction of force applied, the stress set
up is called ____..
a) tangential stress; b) compression stress;
c) tensile stress; d) residual stress.
10.30 The force which changes or tends to change the shape and size of an object is ____.
a) Net force; b) Deformation force;
c) Restoring force; d) Restoring force.
10.31 Which of the following relation is stated by Hooke’s law?.

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a) Stress is directly proportional to stress; b) Stress is inversely proportional to stress;

c) Stress is directly proportional to square of d) Stress is inversely proportional to square of
stress; stress.
10.34* When bone deformation in its behavior is similar to the model ________. The mineral
components of bone tissue ensure its elastic characteristics and rapid deformation and
organic fibers of collagen - viscous creep properties and determine bone
a) Zener ; b) Kelvin–Voigt;
c) Maxwell.
Topic 11. Study of Liquids Viscosity

11.1 The relative viscosity of blood in norm is:
a) 1-4.2; b) 6-9.1;
c) 4.2-5.5.
11.2 What is named internal friction:

a) interaction between solids, given by jaggies of b) interaction between layers of solids under their
surfaces; deformation;
c) interaction between layers of liquids and hard d) interaction between layers of liquids (or gas)
body under their mutual displacement; under their mutual displacement.
11.3 What liquids refer to non-Newtonian:

a) melted metals and their salts; b) blood;
c) alcohol; d) water.
11.4 Greater viscosity has:

a) venous blood; b) mixtured blood;
c) arterial blood.
11.5 What quantity we define by means of Hess’ viscometer?

a) blood flowing velocity; b) surface tension coefficient;
c) viscosity of liquids; d) friction coefficient;
e) elasticity coefficient.
11.6 Velocity gradient is:

a) the difference in force between adjacent layers b) the difference in velocity between adjacent
of the fluid; layers of the fluid;
c) the difference in distance between layers of the d) no correct answers.
fluid;
11.7 What quantity we define by Stock’s method?

a) friction coefficient; b) surface tension coefficient;
c) velocity blood flowing; d) viscosity of liquids;
e) elasticity coefficient.
11.8 What liquid is named Newton?

a) liquid, viscosity factor of which depends only b) liquid, viscosity factor of which depends its
by nature of liquids and temperature; pressure and velocity gradient of layers;
c) liquid, which has internal friction.
11.9 What dimensionality has viscosity coefficient in SI:

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a) Pa·s2; b) Pa;
c) Pa·s; d) N/m2;
e) N/m.
11.10 Newton’s formula for viscous force is:

a) d b) d
F  4 A; F  A;
dy dy
c) d d
F  2  A  . F 
dy A  dy
11.11 Choose correct formula for Stock’s force:

a) F  6   2  r 2   2 ; b) F  6    r   2 ;
c) F  6   r 2  ; d) F  6    r 2   2 ;
e) F  6    r   .
11.12 How named the quantity inverse to viscosity coefficient:

a) fluidity of liquid; b) kinematics viscosity of liquid;
c) density of liquid; d) relative viscosity of liquid.
11.13 What quantity define by the formula    /  :

a) density of the liquid; b) kinematics viscosity of the liquid;
c) fluidity of the liquid; d) relative viscosity of the liquid.
11.14 1 poise equal:
a) 100 santipoise; b) 1 Pa·s;
c) 0.1 Pa·s; d) 1000 santipoise.
11.15 With increasing of temperature coefficient of viscosity of liquids:

a) increases; b) decreases;
c) unchangeable.
11.16 Stokes’s equation:

a) d b) F  6      r   ;
F   A  ;
dx
c)   R 4 p1  p 2 d)   2
Q  ; p   g h  const .
8  l 2
11.17 Newton's law for viscous force:

a) d b) p1  p 2 1
F   A  ;    (R 2  r 2 ) ;
dx L 4 
c) v  /  ; d)   2
p   g h  const .
2
11.18 Coefficient of the absolute viscosity:

a) F/A b) ;
 ;
d / dx
c) F  Qn d)
 ;;
2d .
13
11.19 Velocity gradient is:

a) the difference in force between adjacent layers b) the difference in distance between layers of the
of the fluid; fluid;
c) the difference in velocity between adjacent d) no correct answers.
layers of the fluid;
11.20 The formula that describes kinematic viscosity is:
a) A b) F A
  ; 
l  y
c)  d) F
 ;  ;
 A
e)   E   .
11.21 Choose correct formula for Stock's force:

a)   R 4 p1  p 2
;
b)   2
Q
8 

l
p   g h  const ;
2
c) F  6     r   ; d) d
F   A  .
dx
Topic 12. Study of Surface Tension of Liquids
12.1 What substances is named surface-active:

a) substances, which reduce the surface tension b) substances, which raise the surface tension
factor of a solvent twice; factor of a solvent;
c) substances, which reduce the surface tension
factor of a solvent.
12.2 What quantity define by Ring method?

a) elasticity coefficient; b) blood flowing velocity;
c) viscosity of fluids; d) surface tension coefficient;
e) friction coefficient.
12.3 What quantity is defined by Rebinder’s method?

12.4 What quantity is defined by Drop method?

12.5 What quantity is defined by Capillary method?

12.6 The surface tension factor depends on:

a) material of container, in which inheres liquid; b) natures and temperature of liquid;
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c) surface tension force; d) surface shape of liquid;

e) areas of surface of liquid.
12.7 Choose correct formula for determination of Laplace additional pressure

a) 2  b) 2 ;
P  ; P 
r  cos r
c)  d)   cos
P  ; P  ;
r  cos 2r
e) 2    cos .
P 
r
12.10 By what condition is defined the contact angle for non-wetting liquid?
a) 0о < θ < 90о ; b) 90о < θ < 180о;
c) θ = 0о; d) θ = 180о;
о
e) θ = 90 .
12.9 What dimensionality has coefficient of surface tension of the liquid in SI:
a) Pa·s2; b) N/m2;
c) J/m; d) J/m2.
12.8 Put down formula of coefficient of surface tension:

a) A b) F
 ;  ;
l A
c)   W  A ; d) W
 .
A
12.11 What condition defines the contact angle for wetting liquid?
a) 0о < θ < 90о ; b) 90о < θ < 180о;
c) θ = 0о; d) θ = 180о;
о
e) θ = 90 .
12.12 If capillary with wetting liquid then meniscus is:

a) semiconvex; b) concave;
c) convex.
12.17 Rain drops are spherical in shape because of:

a) Surface tension; b) Acceleration due to gravity;
c) Capillary; d) Downward motion.
12.18* Out of the following. Which one is not an example of capillary action?
a) Ploughing of the field; b) Floating of wood on the surface of water;
c) Absorption of ink in a blotting paper; d) Rise of oil in the wick of a lamp.
12.19 Potential energy of a molecule on the surface of a liquid is as compare to another molecule
inside of the liquid is
a) more; b) no difer;
c) less; d) .
12.21* The rise of a liquid in a capillary tube does not depend upon
a) Angle of contact; b) Radius of the capillary tube;
15
c) Density of the liquid; d) Atmospheric pressure.
12.22 Surface tension of liquid is independent of the

a) Temperature of the liquid; b) Area of the liquid surface;
c) Nature of the liquid; d) Impurities present in the liquid.
Topic 13. Basics of Hemodynamics

13.1 The static pressure is caused by:
a) laminar flowing of liquid in horizontal pipe; b) action of gravity force on liquid;
c) action of liquid on obstacles, which meet on d) action of external forces on liquid.
way of its motion;
13.2 The dynamic pressure is caused by:

a) action of gravity force on liquid; b) laminar flowing of liquid in horizontal pipe;
c) action of liquid on obstacles, which meet on d) action of external forces on liquid.
way of its motion;
13.3 What formula corresponds to general Bernoulli’s equation?

a) 1  2 b) 1 1
 ; P1   12  P2    22 ;
A1 A2 2 2
c) 1  A1   2  A2 ; d) Pst  Pdyn  const ;
e) 2
Pst    g  h    const .
2
13.4 What from these formulas corresponds to continuity equation:

a) 1  2 b) 1 1
 ; P1    12  P2     22 ;
A1 A2 2 2
c) 1  A1   2  A2 ; d) Pst  Pdyn  const ;
2
e) Pst    g  h    const .
2
13.5 The hydrostatic pressure is caused by:

a) laminar flowing of liquid in horizontal pipe; b) action of liquid on obstacles, which meet on
way of its motion;
c) action of gravity force on liquid; d) action of external forces on liquid.
13.6 The Turbulent Flow it is

a) the flow is characterized by the irregular b) the velocity at each location is constant, the
movement of particles of the fluid; velocity field is invariant with time and the
flow;
c) layers of water flow over one another at different speeds with virtually no mixing between layers.
13.7 The Laminar Flow it is

a) layers of water flow over one another at b) occurs in large arteries at branch points, in
different speeds with virtually no mixing diseased and narrowed (stenotic) arteries, and
between layers; across stenotic heart valves;
c) the flow is characterized by the irregular
movement of particles of the fluid.
16
13.8 What from these formulas corresponds to Reynolds number:

a)  D b) F
Rе  ; Rе  turb ;
 Flam
c) 6D d) 5
Re  ; Rе  .
r  D
13.9 Normal blood flow in the human aorta is:

a) turbulent; b) laminar;
c) unstable.
13.10 What means Reynolds’ number:

a) non-dimensional parameter, which b) non-dimensional parameter, which
characterizes the laminar flowing of viscous characterizes the turbulent flowing of viscous
liquid; liquid;
c) defines the limit of laminar-to-turbulent
transition.
13.11 Bernoulli’s equation:

d b) p1  p 2 1
a) F   A  ;    (R 2  r 2 ) ;
dx L 4 
  2 d) v   /  .
c) p   g h  const ;
2
13.12 Poiseuille’s law:

F/A b)   R 4 p1  p 2
a)   d / dx ; Q  ;
8  l
  2 d) v   /  .
c) p   g h  const ;
2
13.13 For Reynolds number in the region between 2000 and 3000, the flow is:
c) unstable.
13.14 The fluid motion is steady if constant is:

a) density; b) pressure at each point in the fluid;
c) velocity; d) no correct answer;
13.15 Continuity equation:
a) when the cross section of a flow tube decreases, b) when the cross section of a flow tube
the speed decreases; decreases, the speed increases;
c) when the cross section of a flow tube increases, d) when the cross section of a flow tube increases,
the speed decreases; the speed increases.
The velocity critical value corresponding to the laminar-to-turbulent transition are

13.16
estimated by the formula:
a) R2 b) F
 max  ( P1  P2 ) ;  ;
4   l 6     R
17
c)  d) 2( P2  P1 )
 cr  Re cr ;  .
D 
e) l
 cr  Re cr 
D
13.17 Fluid is incompressible if constant is:
a) density; b) pressure at each point in the fluid;
c) velocity; d) no correct answer.
13.18 For Reynolds number before 2000 the flow is:
c) unstable.
13.19 Where will be higher velocity of moving the particles of liquids in the pipe?
a) along the axis of the pipe; b) near internal surface of the pipe;
c) between internal surface and axis of the pipe.
13.26 Acoustic phenomenon of Korotkoff ́s is:

a) tapping sound, synchronous with the heartbeat, b) a rare phenomenon in laminar flow in a blood
which can be heard by a stethoscope placed on vessel;
the brachial artery;
c) atypical sound accompanying heart murmur; d) asynchronous with the heartbeat.
13.27 The normal BP cuff using instrument is called as____________

a) Spirometer; b) Stethoscope;
c) Sphygmomanometer; d) Oscilloscope.
13.28 What is the normal range of blood pressure?

a) 70/40 – 90/60; b) 120/80 – 140/90;
c) 90/60 – 120/80; d) 140/90 – 190/100.
Topic 14. Thermodynamics of Open Biological Systems.

Molecular Biophysics
14.1 What is thermodynamic state?

a) irreversible; b) closed;
c) adiabatic; d) stationary.
14.2 What systems the thermodynamics studies?

a) open, closed, isolated; b) incomplete, closed, internal;
c) internal, external, isolated.
14.3 When in the first law of thermodynamics a work takes with sign "-" ?
a) work is executed under the system; b) work is executed through the system;
c) work is executed on the system; d) work is executed near the systems;
e) work is executed by the system.
14.4 Closed thermodynamic systems – are the systems, which:

a) they are changed with thermostats by energy b) are not changed with thermostats neither
and substance; material, not energy;
c) they are changed with thermostats by energy and are not changed by substance.
18
14.5 What ways of change the internal energy exist?

a) evaporation and melting; b) performing the work and thermal conductivity;
c) heat radiation and transfer of heat; d) performing the work and transfer of heat.
14.6 First law of thermodynamics:

a) the internal energy of an isolated system is b) heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder
constant; location to a hotter location;
c) if two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a d) as a system approaches absolute zero, all
third, they are also in thermal equilibrium with processes cease and the entropy of the system
each other; approaches a minimum value.
14.7 What are thermodynamic processes?

a) reversible, irreversible; b) stationary, extensive;
c) quasidynamic, intensive.
14.8 Process is identified as isochoric if it:

a) occurs at constant temperature; b) occurs at constant volume;
c) occurs at constant pressure; d) occurs at constant entropy.
14.9 A closed thermodynamic system …

a) cannot exchange matter or energy with its b) may exchange energy, but not matter, with the
surroundings; surroundings;
c) may exchange matter, energy, or both with the surroundings.
14.10 An isolated system …

a) cannot exchange matter or energy with its b) may exchange energy, but not matter, with the
surroundings; surroundings;
c) may exchange matter, energy, or both with the surroundings.
Molecular Biophysics.
14.19 Dispersion interaction between particles is characterized by:

a) ionic bonds b) covalent bonds
c) hydrophobic bonds d) Van der Waals bonds
e) hydrogen bonds
14.20 Energy of ionic bond is inverse proportional to:

a) r6; b) r3
c) r; d) r2;
e) r4.
14.21 Coordinate number of water in liquid state approximately is equal to:

a) 5,7; b) 2,3;
c) 4,4; d) 3;
e) 4.
14.22 The covalent bond stabilizes:

a) primary, secondary and tertiary structures; b) primary and secondary structures;
c) quaternary structure only; d) primary structure only;
e) all types of structure organization of proteins/
19
If in a protein the ratio of quantity of the polar rests to quantity nonpolar (b) exceeds the
14.23 ratio of volume of hydrophilic phase to volume of hydrophobic nucleus (b s), globule will
be:
a) form supermolecular structure; b) accept the extended shape;
c) the correct answer is absent; d) to accept the spherical shape.
14.24 At dissolution in water of hydrophobic nuclear:

a) ΔS>0, ΔH>0, ΔG>0; b) ΔS<0, ΔH<0, ΔG<0;
c) ΔS<0, ΔH<0, ΔG>0; d) ΔS<0, ΔH>0, ΔG<0;
e) ΔS>0, ΔH>0, ΔG<0.
14.25 How many different amino acids are used in making proteins?
a) 20 b) 32
c) 12 d) 4
14.26 In a folded protein, the nonpolar (hydrophobic) amino acids tend to be:
a) tucked away inside the protein. b) distributed randomly throughout the protein.
c) exposed on the outside of the protein.
14.27 The biological activity of a protein is determined by its:

a) ability to form α helices. b) peptide bonds
c) amino acid sequence. d) ability to form β sheets.
Topic 15. Biological Membrane. Transport of Substance Through Membrane.
15.1 Biological membrane, generally, includes:

a) phospholipids; b) oligosaccharides;
c) steroids; d) glycolipoids.
15.2 The thickness of a biological membrane is approximately equal to:

a) 3 nm; b) 15 nm;
c) 8 nm.
15.3 Dry Lipids mass contents of membranes forms:

a) 70 - 75 %; b) 20 - 30 %;
c) 50 %; d) 80 %;
e) 90 %.
15.4 Biological membrane is:

a) function active surface structure of cell by b) phospholipids bimolecular layer, which include
thickness in several molecular layer; proteins and glycoproteins;
c) lipid bilayer; d) thick layer of lipids.
At the phase transition of membrane from liquid-crystal state in gel-state a thickness of

15.5
membrane:
a) does not change; b) decrease;
c) increase.
15.6 Liposome is named:

a) layer lipids on the water surface; b) plane bilayer lipid membrane;
c) lipid bilayer closed structures; d) micelles of lipids;
e) monomolecular layer on the border of separation of hydrophobic and hydrophilic phases.
20
15.7 Active transport of substances is realized:

a) along the direction of force lines of external b) to account of heat moving the particles of
electric field; substance;
c) to account of energy gradients of different d) in direction opposite to gradient of
nature; concentrations;
e) special ferments-carriers to account of energy of ATP hydrolysis in direction opposite their passive
transport.
15.8 By liposome are named:

a) flat bilayer lipid membrane; b) lipid layer on the water surface;
c) one layer lipid closed structures; d) micelles of lipids;
e) monomolecular layer on the border of an hydrophobic and hydrophilic phases.
15.9 Fick’s equation for diffusion has the shape:

a) dV r 4 P  P b) dC
 1 2
; I  D ;
dt 8 l dx
c) d)
Ф  D 2 S ; dm   D 2 Sdt ;
e) I  k( P1  P2 )2 .
15.10 Permeability coefficient of membrane is described by the expression:

a) d b) D2K
P ; P  ;
DK d
c) DK d) dC
P ; J  D ;
d dx
e) J   P(C1  C2 ) .
15.11 High solute concentration has

a) high effective concentration of water and a high b) high effective concentration of water and a low
osmotic pressure; osmotic pressure;
c) a low effective water concentration and a high d) a low effective water concentration and a low
osmotic pressure; osmotic pressure.
15.12 Permeability coefficient depend on

a) temperature, substance viscosity, molecule size, b) coefficient of the ion distribution in the
thickness of the membrane, substance, surface membrane/water system, surface tension,
tension, coefficient of the ion distribution in the atmospheric pressure;
membrane/water system;
c) substance viscosity, molecule size, volume of d) no correct answer.
substance, surface tension;
15.13 Types of diffusion.
a) simple diffusion; b) facilitated diffusion;
c) no correct answer.
15.14 Diffusion of the substance across the membrane occurs at presence:

a) gradient of osmotic pressure; b) gradient of electric potential;
c) gradient of concentration of substance; d) gradient of hydrostatic pressure.
15.15 Active transport requires…

a) energy in the form of ADP; b) energy in the form of ATP;
21
c) energy in the form of glucose; d) energy in the form of fructose.
15.16 Diffusion coefficient

a) D  URT ; b) J   P(C1  C2 ) ;
c) DK d) dC
P ;   D A.
d dx
15.17 Diffusion it is …
a) the movement of ions or molecules from b) a moving of the solutions or a water across the
regions of higher concentration to regions of pores of membrane caused by difference of
lower concentration; hydrostatic pressures;
c) the movement of water from a region of high water concentration to a region of lower water
concentration through a semi permeable membrane.
15.18 Osmosis it is …
15.19 Filtration it is …
15.22 Unlike primary active transport, secondary active transport does not require a specialized
structure for cell membrane transport
a) true; b) false.
15.25 Which of the following is energy independent?

a) Active transport; b) Primary active transport;
c) Secondary active transport; d) Passive transport.
The cell membrane contains channels and pumps that help move materials from one side
15.26
to the other. What are these channels and pumps made of
a) proteins; b) bilipids;
c) lipids; d) carbohydrates.
15.27 Which means of particle transport requires input of energy from the cell?
a) osmosis; b) facilitated diffusion;
c) diffusion; d) active transport.
15.28 The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane is called

a) osmotic pressure; b) osmosis;
c) pinocytosis; d) active transport.
Topic 16. Bioelectric Potentials.

16.1 What is Helmholtz potential?
a) a part of internal energy going on performance b) a part of internal energy, which dissipates in
22
of useful work at irreversible processes; space at irreversible processes;

c) work, which is necessary for chemical changes of 1 mole component at the transition from one state
to another.
16.2 What is the chemical potential?

a) a part of internal energy going on performance b) a part of internal energy, which dissipates in
of useful work at irreversible processes; space at irreversible processes;
c) work, which is necessary for chemical changes of 1 mole component at the transition from one state
to another.
16.3 An action potential…

a) causes the inside of the neuron cell membrane b) causes the outside of the neuron cell membrane
to become neutrally charged in reference to the to become positively charged in reference to
outside; the inside;
c) causes the inside of the neuron cell membrane d) causes the inside of the neuron cell membrane
to become positively charged in reference to the to become negatively charged in reference to
outside; the outside;
causes the neuron cell membrane to become
unable to alter its charge.
16.4 Action potential is defined by formula:

a) RT PK [ K  ]o  PNa [ Na  ]o  PCl [Cl  ]i b) RT [ Na  ]o
  ln ;   ln ;
F PK [ K  ]i  PNa [ Na  ]i  PCl [Cl  ]o F [ Na  ]i
c) RT [ K  ]o d)
  ln .
F [ K  ]i
16.5 What formula is defined Donnan potential?

a) RT b) c
1   2   ln c ; 1   2   RT ln 1 ;
F c2
c) RT d) RT n[ R  ]1
1   2   c ; 1   2    ;
F F 2c
e) F
1   2   cn .
RT
16.6 Propagation velocity of the action potential basically depends on:

a) radius of nerve fiber; b) capacity properties;
c) values of ion gradients; d) occurrence of myelin sheath of nerve fiber;
e) nature of excitement.
16.7 Permeability of membrane for potassium ions in a rest:

a) more higher than permeability for sodium ions; b) less than permeability for sodium ions;
c) approximately equal to permeability for sodium ions.
16.8 Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation (Goldman's potential) has the shape:

a) RT PK [ K  ]o  PNa [ Na  ]o b) RT [ Na  ]o
  ln   ;   ln  ;
F PK [ K ]i  PNa [ Na ]i F [ Na ]i
c) RT  
P [ K ]  PNa [ Na ]o  PCl [Cl ]i 
d) RT [ K  ]o
  exp K  o ;   ln ;
F PK [ K ]i  PNa [ Na  ]i  PCl [Cl  ]o F [ K  ]i
23
e) RT PK [ K  ]o  PNa [ Na  ]o  PCl [Cl  ]i

  ln .
F PK [ K  ]i  PNa [ Na  ]i  PCl [Cl  ]o
16.9 Nernst’s equation has the form:

a) RT c1 b) zF c2
1   2  ln ; 1   2 ln ;
zF c2 RT c1
c) zR c 2 d) RT c2
1   2  ln ; 1   2  ln ;
TF c1 zF c1
e) zR c1 .
1   2  ln
TF c2
16.10 At generations of action potential a potential of cell approaches to equilibrium:

a) chlorine potential; b) sodium potential;
c) calcium potential; d) potassium potential;
e) protonic potential.
16.11 In rest the potential of cell approaches to equilibrium:

a) chlorine potential; b) sodium potential;
c) calcium potential; d) potassium potential;
e) protonic potential.
16.12 For what ions a cell membrane has most permeability in rest?
a) calcium; b) potassium;
c) sodium; d) chlorine;
e) magnesium
16.13 For what ions a cell membrane in the beginning excitement is most permeability?
e) magnesium
16.14 For what ions a cell membrane in the beginning excitement is most permeability?
e) magnesium
16.15 Nerve length constant  is named the distance on which:

a) the velocity of the nerve impulse increase in 10 b) the velocity of the nerve impulse decrease in
times; 10 times.
c) the velocity of the nerve impulse decrease in e times
16.16 Relative the biological membrane the temperature of phase transition or melting we call:
a) temperature, at which the membrane goes from b) temperature of transition of water from solid
solid to liquid-crystal state; state in liquid;
c) temperature, at which the half of phospholipid d) temperature, at which the change an
molecules of membrane is solid state and half – conformation of fat-acid chains of
in fluid state; phospholipids molecules occurs.
The resting potential of most cells is most dependent on the transmembrane concentration
16.25
gradient of:
a) Potassium; b) Sodium;
24
c) Chloride; d) Calcium.
The opening of axon membrane voltage-gated potassium channels is responsible for which
16.26
part of the action potential?
a) Repolarisation of the membrane; b) Contraction of the post synaptic muscle fibre;
c) Signalling vesicular release of d) Depolarisation of the membrane.
neurotransmitters;
16.27 The spaces between the covered parts of an axon are called:
a) Nodes of Ranvier; b) Synaptic clefts;
c) Vescicles; d) Ventricles.
16.28 Neurons communicate with each other by sending electrical impulses called:
a) Membrane potentials; b) Neurotransmitters;
c) Action potentials; d) Neuromodulators.
When the charge across the membrane of a neuron is about ______, the charge is called the
16.29
______. This is because there are ______.
a) 60-70mV; resting potential; more negative ions b) 60-70 mV; action potential; more negative ions
inside the cell; inside the cell;
c) 60-70mV; resting potential; more positive ions d) 70-100 mV; action potential; more positive
inside the cell; ions inside the cell.
25

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MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL

MODULE 1. BASICS OF BIOLOGICAL PHYSICS

Topic 7. Determination of Threshold of Audibility by Audiometric Method

7.1 What oscillations are called harmonic?

7.2 What of the given methods are applied in clinic as a sonic?

7.3 Audible range: waves are in the frequency range

7.4 Classification of sound:

7.5 What is a wavelength?

7.6 What is frequency of oscillations?

7.7 What is amplitude?

7.8 What is period of oscillations?

7.9 Objective characteristics of sound:

7.10 Subjective characteristics of sound:

loudness, quality or timbre; wave;

7.11 What is energy characteristic of sound?

7.12 Timbre is determined by:

7.13 What is equation for harmonic wave motion?

7.15 What condition defines simple sound tone?

7.16 The pitch of sound is determined by:

7.17 Sound loudness is determined by:

7.18 What formula correct describes Weber-Fechner law?

7.19 Choose correct definition of audiogram:

7.20 Intensity (or power) of sound is

7.22 What is the sense of audiometry?

7.23 Sound's intensity level:

7.24 Unit of a level of intensity is:

7.25 Level of the sound’s loudness is expressed by formula:

Specific acoustic resistance (impedance) is given by formula (where  - density, c –

7.27 In a vacuum, all electromagnetic waves have the same

Topic 8. Ultrasonic Diagnostic and Therapeutic Equipment.

8.1 Frequency of ultrasound is:

8.2 What action has ultrasound on human organism?

8.3 What from these sources radiate ultrasonic oscillations?

8.4 Unit of intensity of ultrasonic radiation is:

8.5 Frequency of infrasound is:

Specific acoustic resistance (impedance) is given by formula (where  - density, c –

8.7 How do infrasound effect on human body?

8.8 What quantity is defined by ultrasound method, based on Doppler’s effect?

8.9 What is defined by ultrasound method, doppler’s effect based on ?

8.10 What physical phenomena’s are used for generation of ultrasound?

a) phenomena of resonance, Doppler’s effect; b) effect an vacuolization;

8.12 What is piezoelectric effect?

8.19 How is a medium characterized (for USD)?

8.20 Speed of ultrasound depends upon.

8.22 What type of waves are Sound Waves?.

8.23 What is the unit of loudness?.

8.24 What do dolphins, bats and porpoise use.

8.25 Which of the following sound waves are used in echocardiography?

8.28 The Doppler effect is characteristic of

8.30 Reverberation of sound is used in

Topic 9. Basics of Biomechanics

9.2 As a example of the lever of speed we consider

9.4 The decreasing of moment of inertia of rotary body results in:

9.6 For measurement of mechanical work, which executes person, use:

9.7 What equation expresses Steiner’s theorem:

perpendicular to pivot and passing through its middle:

9.12 Choose the formula for moment of force:

9.13 Choose the formula for moment of inertia:

9.15 Choose the formula for angular momentum:

9.26 Angular momentum is:

9.28 What does the moment of inertia describe?

Topic 10. Study of an Elastic Properties of Bone Tissue.

10.1 What does “hardness” of a material mean?