TrinMaC 2019

Problems

Trinity Math Team Advisor: Mr. Dane Isenberg

Presidents: Akash Kumar, Foyez Alauddin, Michael Ding, Nya Kamhi
Contents

1 Team Round 1

2 Individual Round 3
2.1 Round 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.2 Round 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.3 Round 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3 Relay Round 5
3.1 Round 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
3.2 Round 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

4 Speed Round 7

5 Acknowledgements 10

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1. Team Round

1. [20 points] The number 17! is a very large number that has many positive divisors.
Find the probability if one positive factor of 17! is chosen at random, that the factor is
odd. Express your answer in simplified form.

2. [20 points] Given that 3 sin(x) + 4 cos(x) = 5, find the value of tan(x).

3. [25 points] In the isosceles triangle below, the two squares (white) both have an area
of four. Find the area of the shaded.

4. [25 points] Abigail, Betty, and Damon are playing a game. From the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7},
they must choose two numbers without replacement. Abigail sums the two numbers she
chooses. Betty sums the two numbers she chooses. Damon sums the two numbers he
chooses. What is the probability that each of their sums are equal?

5. [30 points] G is the centroid of triangle ADC. AE is perpendicular to F C. BD = DC

and AC = 12. Find AB.

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 6. [35 points] Find the value of the sum
b50π+8c
X
gcd(n, b50π + 8c)
n=1

7. [40 points] Consider the sequence a1 = 1, a2 = 31, a3 = 331, a4 = 3331, a5 = 33331, ....
How many positive integers n less than 2019 are there such that 17 divides an ?

 
x jxk
8. [50 points] Let f (x, y) = y − . Compute
y y
       
23! 23! 24! 24!
  f , 100 − f , 10   f , 100 − f , 10
23! 104 104 24! 104 104
f , 10 + +f , 10 +
104 10 104 10

9. [50 points] 4ABC is a triangle with 6 BAC = 90◦ . E and D are on sides BC and AC,
respectively, such that 6 AED = 90◦ , |BE| = 1, |ED| = 2, and |AD| = 2 · |AB|. Find
the area of 4EDC.

10. [55 points] Evaluate

88 178
X cos(1◦ ) X cos(1◦ )
◦ ◦
+ ◦ ◦
+ tan(89◦ ) + cot(91◦ ) + tan(179◦ )
n=0
cos(n ) sin(n + 1 ) n=91 cos(n ) sin(n + 1 )

√
Bonus Question [25 points]: Approximate the decimal expansion of 5. The team(s)
that has the most accurate approximation will receive 25 points. We will determine ac-
curacy by going from left to right and stopping once we have reached an incorrect digit.
Example: π ≈ 3.14159265358979323846, so the answer 3.142 has three correct digits and
the answer 3.1415826 has five correct digits.

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2. Individual Round

2.1 Round 1
1. [2 points] Given a circle inscribed in a square ABCD, the probability that a randomly
a + bπ
selected point in square ABCD is not inside the circle can be represented as ,
c
where a, b, c are integers and gcd(a, b, c) = 1. Find a + b + c.

2. [2 points] There are four pairs of twins: Abbey and Andrew, Betty and Ben, Chris and
Christine, Dane and Dana. They are sitting in eight chairs in a line. How many ways
can the twins be seated such that each person is sitting next to their twin?

3. [2 points] n is a positive real number that does not equal 1 such that the nth root of n2
equals n raised to the nth power. Find n.

4. [2 points] How many digits does 810 have?

5. [2 points] Find the smallest integer that is a multiple of 32 and has 32 positive divisors.

2.2 Round 2
1. [4 points] Find the smallest positive integer greater than 5 that is a palindrome in base
16, base 2, and base 10. Submit your answer in base 3.

2. [4 points] At Ike’s Ice Cream Shop, there are 6 flavors: vanilla, chocolate, strawberry,
cookies and cream, pistachio, and rocky road. Carl comes in one day and he buys 3
scoops of ice cream, each scoop being a different flavor. The next day, Carl buys 2
scoops of ice cream, not necessarily being different flavors. The following day, Carl buys

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 1 scoop of ice cream. How many different ways can Carl buy ice cream in those 3 days?

3. [4 points] Sadi is organizing his desk before the school year starts. He has 8 distinct
pencils and 4 identical pencil cases. How many ways can Sadi place his 8 pencils into
the 4 pencil cases such that each case has 2 pencils?

4. [4 points] What are the last three digits of 3210 ?

5. [4 points] A number is called spicy if when read from left to right, its digits are strictly
increasing. The probability that a 4 digit spicy number contains a 1 in its decimal
representation can be represented as pq where p and q are relatively prime integers. Find
p + q.

2.3 Round 3
1. [6 points] In the figure below, the large semicircle has a radius of 2 and the smaller
semicircle has a radius of 1. The smaller semicircle passes through the center of the
larger semicircle. The yellow areas are equal. What is the area of the blue region?

2. [6 points] Find the number of terms in the expansion of (a + 5b + 6c + 7d)4 .

n2 − 25 1 1 1 1
3. [6 points] Let an = . Compute + + + ... + .
100 a15 a25 a35 a2015
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4. [6 points] What is the remainder when 1417 is divided by 11? Your answer should be
a non-negative integer less than 11.

5. [6 points] Solve for xy in the following system of equations:

2 √ 2
(x2 + y 2 − 1) + (x + y − (2 2 − 4)) = 25
1 √
x + y = (x2 + y 2 + 2)(x2 + y 2 − 4) + 2 2
2

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3. Relay Round

3.1 Round 1
1. Find the maximum possible area of a triangle with perimeter 24.

2. Let n be the number you receive. A perfect power is an integer of the form ab , where a
and b are positive integers and a, b > 1. How many positive perfect powers are less than
n?

3. Let n be the number you receive. The graph of the equation x2 + 2

 y = (n −
 2)! + 1 lies
n n2
on the xy plane. Line L is the tangent line to the circle at point , . Let m be
2 n+3
the slope of line L and b be the y-intercept of line L. Find m + b.

4. Let n be the number you receive. There are 2n marbles, of which 3 are blue and the rest
are gold. These 2n marbles are in a line. How many different ways can the marbles be
arranged given that no two blue marbles are next to each other?

5. [40 points] Let n be the number you receive. Let the sequence ak be defined recursively
n
as ak+3 = 3ak+2 − 3ak+1 + ak for k ≥ 3 and the first three terms are a0 = 12 , a1 =
a0 + 1, a2 = a1 + 3. What is a11 ?

3.2 Round 2
1. Matt Amatics flips a coin six times. The probability that he gets at least as many heads
as tails can be written as pq , where p and q are relatively prime positive integers. What
is p + q?

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2. Let n be the number you receive. How many zeros are at the end of (n!)?

9n
3. Let n be the number you receive. A polygon with k sides has 2
diagonals. What is the
value of k?

4. Let n be the number you receive. Given the graph y ≤ −|x − n2 | + 2 and y ≥ |x| − n,
find the area of the region bounded by the two graphs.

5. [60 points] Let n be the number you receive. z is a complex number such that z 2 +z+1 =
0. Compute
n−15
X 2
m 1
z + m
m=1
z

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4. Speed Round

1. [2 points] What is the greatest 3 digit integer that has an odd number of positive factors?

2. [4 points] Suppose that f (x) = x2 + 4x − 5. Find the product of all real a such that
f (|a|) = 0.

.......................................................................................

3. [6 points] In triangle ABC, AB has length 32.5, BC has length 35, AC has length 37.5.
Find the area of triangle ABC.

4. [8 points] Given Circle A in the following diagram, CE = 8, EB = 3, and ED = 7.

AE = pq where p and q are integers and gcd(p, q) = 1. Find p + q.

.......................................................................................

5. [10 points] Find the sum of all two digit positive integers that have exactly 10 distinct
positive integral divisors.

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 6. [12 points] Suppose that a, b, c are integers such that bc divides a, ac divides b, and ab
divides c. Find the least possible value of a + b + c.

.......................................................................................
27x 32x
7. [14 points] Suppose x and y are real numbers such that y = 729 and y = 131072.
9 2
Find 288x + 289y.

Bonus Question: Recall

√ the Bonus Question from the Team Round: "Approximate the
decimal expansion of 5. The team(s) that has the most accurate approximation will
receive 25 points. We will determine accuracy by going from left to right and stopping
once we have reached an incorrect digit."

How many correct digits the winner(s) list? The team(s) closest to the right answer
get an additional 25 points toward their team score.

.......................................................................................

8. [16 points] Consider k = 1! + 2! + 3! + ... + n!, where k and n are positive integers.
What is the sum of all n such that k is a perfect square?

9. [18 points] Find the sum of the coefficients of the expansion of (x + y + z)7 .

.......................................................................................

10. [20 points] A triangle in the xy plane with vertices (1, 0), (3, 0), (3, 1) is rotated about
the y-axis to form a solid. What is the volume of this solid? Your answer should be of
a + bπ
the form , where gcd(a, b, c) = 1.
c

11. [24 points] There are two unique integers, q and r, such that 25674 = 2019q + r with
0 ≤ r < 2019. Find r.

.......................................................................................

12. [26 points] Ms. Buhler has 8 identical batteries, 4 of which are good and 4 of which
are dead. Ms. Buhler wants to power a flashlight that only works properly if two good
batteries are inputted. However, Ms. Buhler does not know which batteries are good
and which batteries. What is the minimum number of attempts it takes for Ms. Buhler

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 to guarantee that she has two good batteries?

13. [28 points] A polynomial f (x) = x3 + 12x2 + 7x − 1 has three real roots, α, β, γ. Find
α3 + β 3 + γ 3 .

.......................................................................................

14. [30 points] Suppose a and b are integers such that ab − 88 = 3 · lcm(a, b) − 7 · gcd(a, b).
What is the maximum possible value of a?

15. [32 points] Let S be the product of all positive integers relatively prime to 1709 and
less than 2019, except 90. Given that 1708! ≡ 1708 (mod 1709), compute the remainder
when S is divided by 1709.

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5. Acknowledgements

We’d like to thank Dr. Kolman, Mr. Gohde, Mr. Rose, Ms. Aviles, Ms. Norris, Mr. Hill, and
the entire security staff for helping us tremendously and ensuring that the event ran smoothly.

We’d also like to thank all faculty and student volunteers who helped us run the event and
proctor rounds, as well as former presidents Sadi Gülçelik ’19 and Angelina Zhang ’19 for their
contributions.

Most importantly, we want to express our gratitude for Mr. Isenberg, our faculty advisor, for
putting in countless hours of dedication. The inaugural TrinMaC would not have been possible
without his guidance, passion, and inspiration.

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