Name : Ketut Puspa Dewi

Nim : 1712021113

Class : 7D

Summary of the book

Discourse analysis is one of the courses received by students of the English education
study program in semester 7th. In the previous semester, students have also studied phonology,
morphology, syntax, pragmatics, and sociolinguistics. In discourse analysis, it has a close
relationship with pragmatic and sociolinguistic lessons, because it studies how people's language
is used in society. In the lesson of discourse analysis, it is also closely related to text because
what will be analyzed in this lesson is the text itself both spoken or writen. Text is anything what
people say and write. To find out more clearly about the meaning of discourse analysis, the
following is a summary that has been made by the author based on a book entitled "Discourse
Analysis for Language Teachers by Michael McCarthy".

As explained above, discourse analysis does not only discuss what people say, but also
what people write, for example in newspapers, magazines, articles, comics, and other printed
texts. Besides that, when there is a conversation between a patient and a doctor, then a
conversation between the teacher and students in the classroom, the conversation between the
buyer and the seller is certainly different, because the purpose of communication is different, the
goal is to find out how text is written and spoken is look like in this discourse analysis. Discourse
analysis is thus fundamentally concerned with the relationship between language and the
contexts of its use. Speech acts are closely related to discourse analysis.

Speech acts used to communicate acts that convey an intended language function. Speech
acts include functions such as requests, apologies, suggestions, commands, offers, and
appropriate responses to those acts. Of course, speakers of these acts are not truly successful
until the intended meaning they convey are understood by listeners. As a study conducted by
Sinclair and Coulthard (1975), about the conversation done in the classroom between teacher and
students (p. 22). Speech acts is the attempts to explain how speakers use language to accomplish
intended actions and how listener determine the intended meaning from what the speaker said

Speech acts occur in everyday talk in every society, with various ranges of explicitness.
For second language learners, it is important to know which speech acts are different in the first
and target language, how they are different, and what is not appropriate to say. Roughly
speaking, we study speech act theory in order to understand that, besides the literal meaning
(grammatical forms), the implied meaning (functional usage of forms) uttered by speakers
should also be taken into account by hearers.