(CASES OF ASME BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL. CODE CASE 2286-1 ‘spo Dat: sana 3, 2904 he ASME Baer Pras se Stents Commitee tok acon 0 exminate Ce Cove ween sats ochre 71 2008. sere at {Cove azo avd tis Sunlomest ens beyond wi ome sable or ose unl led byt AEE Boer an Peso ese! Ser Comite cae 22861 Alternative Roles for Determining Allowable Bxtenal ‘Pressure and Compressive Stresses for Cylinders, Cones, Spheres and Formed Hlends Section VIL, Divsdons 1 and 2 <7 ngutne May aloesive elas for desrining allow blo extemal presse and compressive cusses fr evi drs, cones, sles ad formed heads be ase forthe dkslon of Bese components in ev of ie rls of Secon Vill, Division 1, UO.23, UO-28, UG-29, UG.33, and Appeadie 1-8, of Seston VIE, Dison 2, Atle D3? Rep {It isthe opinion of the Comes that cyliadess, cones, spheres, and formed heads for pressure vesels ‘therm: designed ns orate in asordance with he ‘olan of Soston VIM. Divsiors | of 2. may be designed ‘sing the fling mls for estenion oelloabl exter ‘al prectre aod compressive ret in eof the rls aed in te iy above () When wed, tis Ce shall be made appeal 0 the ene ves! (6) ThisCare number stall shows nthe Manian ers Data Repo. 1 SCOPE, DESIGN, METHOD, AND NOMENCLATURE, 1 Scope ‘This Cate provides alteatve eles 19 those given ia Seeton Vill Divison 1, U6230), UG-28, UG-29, UG {33 end Append 1%, oF Seton VI, Dison 2, Anil 1D for demining ‘allowable compendive sexier lnstiffened and sng atffened cclar cylinders a4 cons, ‘nd for votiffned pea, lipid ond triphasic bends Te allowable sess eqotons ate bed upon theo ‘tical beklingegenons that hove ben ede by Krol Sova factors dl by parc efyctin acto ae were ‘Setermined fem eto fabled sels, (Momene ae 4 provided in prs LA) ‘This Cate expand the coverage of oad conto and shell ometies, ad incldes equations fr combations fous net considered i the Code parsrars elerneed Shove, Thesallematve ule at apliselet Dy eos so cxceecing 2,00, cere tothe Defi = 1,000 lt ‘sig. Gin Subgr3 of Seco I, Pat. Thesendemass let for these rules fn KE/e £200. Use of te ales te rales asuaes te shel seeoa w be axeymetic ‘with aaiform thickness for wostifened oylinders ond formed heuds. Siffened cylinders and cones ae also senuned to be of wniform hiskner tetieenstfferers ‘Whate nazis wil ane) plate of orally eiskoned stl eons ens, use ie tinoest uniform tlle in ‘he apoieable unsiffoed ox sired sel eaten for calculation of alowable compressive sess “The maxim: tempera port for uae of tis (case is ova a Table L ‘When zplying thi Can fo Secon VI, Division 1, au references to Section VI, Division 2 shal pore Likewise, when ui ths Cise for Section VIE, Desion 2 aplicaons, al references o Seeen VIL Division | ‘hal be ionered. Altrrative equations fr determination of alowable ‘comprenivesucas die to lends apeied ia UG-22 o¢ AAD-IIO are provided. isi of the allowable sesh ‘ass, conications of eases, egucemeat fe ences, and siforement of openings by Cae paragraph umber 1s glen la Table2, wid Sndlcaiom of preset covege a ivhions 1 aod 2. 112 Bochliug Design Method The bucking song formuaone preted im tha ‘Case av baad lai Hinsar ary wh ple sup ‘port boundary candles and Poet's ratio of 3. The 018. ia Fag = allowoblesisl comersve mem. uae foes of evnder de Dlalcompeton nae ee noe of hop competion wid A, Saas ta Frag = alowabeastelcompestve man bine sea of Vliet 0 Bending in the presvce of 03 coups, it ‘Fay = alowsbe ial comgcasive mem bran sci of inde ds To ‘Sd conjeson adie es ce of 0p compression fo O15 8,6 12 4S Fe = Fat when fro Frac = slab boop compcsive mn brace sess of a eyloder in the presence of longa copes Son due o a bendiog nome st laste hoop compressive mer wae flue sues of cylinder or formed head under exteroal presse ne, bi ‘Rg = allovae hoop compesive mem rae sts of elie or ormed head under external preseare love, Fug > allounile hoop compressive ma borane sess ia the presence of shear ts, Fn allowatlhcop compressive ms brace tess of a eylinde nthe reeocs of axial compression, fox Ae 015 33 Fy ~ allowable eess in unsion, S10 applicable table in Sabpart {of Seaton, Pat Dk flowable sear srex ofa cylin ‘subjected ont wo hea sues, ist Fg elastic scar boeing sess of ‘ylindessohjsted only to shear stress, Es fe ae: 522561) Figg = allowable shear sues of aclinder Foot Fae ‘Sbjct to shes soe in the Fe ofhopconpesio, Eats comgrie mba fen of sine Gav fo mi ‘ong Ind wis 2015, a Cli st conpresive meme rate tlre asa Detling) few of cinder ee anes ‘eres ipa congo tame nat of yin the cae ofp corso for wets $i ented teal caper om opie fe in Soba 1 of Seton Bat Dy a fo aso Fa Frode Bat Bae Estancia segs C0) and om Sets eden tro dean toe tone of ni of fil exoet- Sein, aa ‘Sc fon retletiof oa Secon po wader oni. ion in oot far ing ine Feet gh ofthat hol is of led ce= " 2 te wayea ee ‘ont ofa ig fee about its centwoidal axts, int fein gn cor clon Seating pu. 32 for Sedan pe of toned vo ‘Seabatrenn aes ofsepotr Se al gh of the Heese besten wal ppt (ocean! e on eat cing ek! ms teri ne pth he had ftom the had gent ie 8 stove oop Lat (ong ig tht en te teqvcnens ey Ce) oF pone (0 8 WhatUy Lae Les a, Ke bee CASE (continued) (CASES OF ASMB BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE, 2286-1 eng of ender berween bake bea orgs sings designed 0a ss bulked, tin eng cove or conical sec fon in Gee Fg. 143) necllymsraced etry uasp- ported) length of a eylindseal tember thts sect clon using in This apps 0 ap- pores pease sees or pede tal pe tel. Seifering nes fe 0 points of suppoct unless thy are externally supported (Bofer abo vo sna ela tonrtheced tai somone re secon). effective nah of tel. (eo Fy. 142) one-half ofthe som ofthe die tases, Ly, om tbe eneie of 2 tne nto the nest Exp rick hot ne of sport on ket Side of the lrgering. In (Seo Fe 14) neni ofthe som ofthe sn from be cemer ne of seis sing tothe next lin of s0ppor 08 tite side ofthe rig, mencred parle tothe aio the eying, Frc tne of spo is described inthe defition for Lace Fig, TaD real length of vessel a shown applied bending moment across the veel romeo, tips bike wR ped enema pres, kt Allowable exe pesre i the sbsnce of fhe [cdf ‘applied axa compression lo, Ks sll eompresin oad on nd of finder resulting fom apaied ‘cel pes hips ‘dis of eyration of tnd, i, (p22) —z dist cemetne of i. rdistocorwots of combining siffnor and effective Tenet of ell Rea Rte ‘Ry = rods fo ome of she, i. ‘$= elatisecion medal of fllshell ae = shea force fom applied Loads at ‘res section ender ensdertion, lige 1 = angle measured around bec ference from the direction of pplicé these force to he pot undo consideration fm tikes of shel es coresion lloance a. fem thickness of cone, less corsion lewance, a. 2, m taal clstance fon cemesie of shell to ceowold of combine! see= ‘ion of og and eflestve eng of sel in B= capsetty reduction fastor i= count fr ape imperfecta Ac steaderness factor for columa = uP In de equation for A, above, 2 lseally unsupported Jeogth fr fee standing presse vesiel wie ide wits or oer bracing shou be measured fom the 19 oad cangeat Lise to the bao of he veel upp kit. For 4 values 0.15, consideration. for colar isa (Gola boeing) wt eatin fo ther tho vessel hell or the veel skit fo any of he lead combinations in pas. 45, For A, > 0.5, consideration for eohuma buckling reguled sce pac. $ and special gus. 3.3.2 For load combiados incuding crore) posure load on te cad of a ylinder ue 0 oxeral reste does ot enable to instability ofthe presue ves a8 fee ‘vaning colon (Gora bucking) ‘The wal compere sues doe 9 exam prose loud does, however, lower theeffecive yield aessot te presse see 5-3). sad the quel the pentose (L/P, eosin for ‘Rs redaction. The redued effective yild ses doz rat apply te ars thet are not par oF the presi shall v8.)CASE (continued) 2286-1 2. GENERAL DESIGN INwoRMATION 24 Materials ‘The allowable suess equations opp rectly o bells fatocae fom carbon sh ow ally tl aerial ited ‘Table UCS-23 or Table ACS Seeton VI em sures slow he ervey range. Thseequtons can aso be ppied to other materi for Which 9 eka abe ‘ove in Subpore 3 of Seton I, Put D. The motiod Fev calcaaiog the aliomablesresesfor shel conarocted from these mela is dexcrmned bythe following po- czas. ‘Step A. Calcul the vile of facta Awa he fliw- fing equations, The tne Fy, Fay ad Fy 8 defined ia the Nomenaatwe (pu. 1.4, ‘Step 2. Using the yale A cael a tp 1, ener the applcable maeral clarke Subpart 3 of Secdon 1, ‘Pc fot th material udec coasidonaion Move verticly tan intersection withthe material tempera ie fox ‘he deiga epee. Use interpolation fr intermediate ‘expat values ‘Sep 3. From the intrecton obtained in Step 2, move Dorizanully 10 the git to obtain the valve of BF 5 sven by te fllowingequason 5-2 a ‘Wor yu oF flo the eft of the apisabe mater temperate line in Step 2. Es = E Step Calcul he allowable cress fm the fellow. fing uations ahh TE 22 Suess Reduction Pactors Allowasleaessoin te Cave for design and et oa tions ae doteraed ty eppving aces eduction fcr, PS, to prot tucking Sass calealated Ia this Cae ‘The equied vale of PS ae 2.0 when te backing are fs abaie and % (1.67 when the bucking sess equals Yield ae detgn expects A near vaaon shall tbe wad beoweon thse los. The oqustions for FE ae [ghes belo. Suk pF BE "RE Ratha Bem ps-20 wr cose, Fy = DATO, OSS Fy

1047 fetsemieis foe ME 1S ai 322 Column Bucking (A, 0.15 and KE, +<200) co Fao Fall O74Ne-019P? G75 fers cape 1407 fa = Fe e118 any sities on 113 Axial Compression Due to Bending Moment ‘Allowatelongitain! sve for elder ubseted to a bending moment acting ares the fil cinta ere section i given by Fay Fa = betwen sa) om pi fe oa af. alt! miceyucal pie 14-199 2 AS 2 eee mwe yet O88 tan oh Bae 34 Shear Allowable n-lane shear sues fora eylines eel sive by Fa nt on 922061CASE (continued) 2286-1 hee fe necee 10 ease eemysis one (254) cocmear)'eatseaers oR (ae -omeny » ae terssujca™ sia w fs Ga one fex2e™® ano anor rr) en ow gue scowls on mfes17 ou 4 ALLOWADLE ConppussivE SimESsES. ‘BOW CONES, ‘Unzitered conte! wansitons or cone retons becwesn rings of ifenod eoree wih an agle as 60 doe shall ‘be designed for loa! Buckling as ab equivaln:e7indee according © the fllowing proculue, See Big 143 foc ‘cone gente. 4 External Pressure 4.14 Allowable Circumferential Compression ‘Stresses, Assuie an equivalent elder wid donee Dy asus WOKD, + D,)o8 lye = Los a THe aloe ‘Des substi for De Ly for Z ond D2 fo Ry ine uatonepiveningar 3 [odour Fe The alowable ‘esemustbetatsied ral iss sections long the ength cf the cone 412 Lotermedite Senta Rings. requ cufeeatalsfening rings within core ttn stall be sized using en. (6. 413 Cone-Cytinder Junetion Rings. A jonction ring eno ceguze for bucking Ho enteral presse If Fa whee Fy is determine fom 9.31) with Fg computed ming ©, el fo O55 (c04 a) (7D,} in of (G20, ic elnder diate ot the uneson. Te hoop ess maybe else fom the follwing expation (CASS OF ASME BOMLER AND PRESSURE VESSEL, CODE fo mcats cos cig than chen sober 0 detesmine Cd, ‘Cuca tevenat stifeing sings resuted atthe cone- cylinder anesions stall bend ch ha the moment of Inet of the compose rng sation sis te fllowing ution: dati o> 12 iar «i wo wha D = ojllader outed camera juneton 1 © Gisanee to fo aiftening gn cone sction Along cone exis as shown in Fig. 143, 1 = disaes to irs sifening engi eylnde tion ine of suppor ic oop bucking stress for eylinder [sce 03) 1 liner Niches 1 = cone Wiese 42 Uniform Asal Compression and Bending 4241 attowable Longitudinal and Bending Stresses, Aseume an equivalent etindee with ciamster Dy quel to ico where i he cade amet athe (aoss-setion under cosideraion and lngth eau 10 Ly Dy suse for Dy inthe equtions given fn pars SB.and 33 to find Fg tnd a an Ly for Lin 03. 3-8). ‘Themis Re equal to D,/2 ecto large en of te cone, ‘Tre llowabie sco mux be afi a al ere sont along the eng of te cone. ‘422 Unsultened Cono-Cylinder Junctions. Core- cylinder janine ar abject wo unbalaced eal forces (Gao axa oad aed bending moment) and wo located broding scene caused teage change, The ongima- tl nd op sueses ate Junction my be evaluated fotos: (2) Longin Stren feted analy the localized berdng sues a an wsined coneyindee |maon may be eta bythe following equation, 06 BEF, # Utidene (6) here D = cate diameter of eyiade at jmctiont cone 1 = thckoes of einer f= tickers of cove {= 20 find soon in cylinder section {= fe date in cone section = cone we as defined in Fig. 143 vo 2861(CASE5 OF ASE ROMLER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE. J. = farm Jongiutioal seers i elinde ection the cone-ylndr junction resin fron rests andlor apaliedeuil load, sce Nomenclature, pa 14 lrg ate cylinder section he cones ends nein esting fom bending amet For soengd eiremens, th eal ses + f= f') inthe cone amd cyinde sections shale iit tes the sllowable stress al temperate sted in Sesto I, Par D, Tables 1A and 1B (Division 1) ce Tables 24 ond 2B (Division 2. The combined sess 4) sal not exceed the allowable stesso temper ted Seton, Pat _-D. Tables 1 end 1B (Division 1, or Tables 2A and 23, 3eGivsion 2) () Hoop Sire The hoop stress cased by te ubel- nce radi tne lad may be esis frm = 4S DF i+ an a Forhcop tension f stall be edo 15 imse he ten allawable par (a) above For Division | apelesons, the Sspptcable jit effieney shal included wheo deter ‘te allowable tele avexs. Por hoop campresion, ‘a sal belied Fy whore Fy compte fos 6, wid & Fy = 04 Bub) ‘A-cone-eylindor junction tat dove not sts the above ‘tera may be uengthened chr by inseasng thei ‘Se and cone wall ches ache orion, xy pov, 2 sfeing nga the jncion 423 ConeCyfinder Junction Rings. If siffening sings we rue, the section propeaes shall tis the Following mepirenerte: seBaen me “ 22 Gps 49 woe = ene aside smereauson = Dec D, {a Fig. UGA or Bg. D201 1D, = diameter to cena of earpeit rig etn for exter ings Dy = Dyfor nese anes ‘Ac = sre ssetonl are of somposite ing etion 1, = ponent of ieta of comes rng wetion In computisg Ae tod fy the ofecve length of shal wall ‘eting ata Mange for he composts rig section sal be ‘computed fo 0, = 023 .Bi + (tare wo “The nearest nfs of th sieniog sing al lected vita 2 dance of 06 Fin, whichever spree, fom ‘CASE (continued) 2286-1 (be cone junction, Te iret of he ring, tt defined byhorin ig 14 43 Shear ‘4311 Allowable In-tone Shear Steet. Assome an quiver cylinder wil a ength equa he saat eg between rings (le/cos =) dad « diameter Dy equ to Dicow a, wer D is the onside diameter of the cone te the ccsacetion inde consideration. Thi lng ad ‘iameter shall be schetre Into Ie egtons even in pie. 3 to deternine Fy 44.2 Intermedite iffening Rings Irequiecit- urferenneisening ring! within sone bansiton shell ened ang eq (8) wher L isthe average dotance 10 adjacent igs along the cone as 44 Local Suffenee Geometry Requirements To prelade Jes! bucking of» sifener,te eouire= ens of pm, amt be mot 45 Tolerances ‘he oianoes specified in para. 7 stall Be met 5 ALLOWABLE STRESS EQUATIONS FOR LUNSTIPFENED AND RING-STIFFENED (CYLINDERS AND CONES UNDER ‘COMBINED LOADS. ‘The folowing rules do wo ape colin nd cones nie Toad counatlons ht ince enteral presse fr ‘rivesof he 12. For Ae 2, his Caen nek splice For (oud combiasons Gt inladeoniform sal soc pression, the lala eee: wie im te cteaction atone floes) budding equation (A $0.15) and for calun buckling equations > 0.13). The sese orrponen fy which Tem for pee on he end of ‘he eye es ot combi 16 eal bucking $1 For Combination of Ualform Axal Comprusion and Hoop Coinpreston SLI. Ford, £015 eallonablesmess th longite Anal ication given by Fd Ue allowable sett n ‘he ckeamferental direction I var By Fe st ton ls vi wee it om 1 1 pass.CASE (continued) 2286-1 Equation (-2) could not be used (Bots no spy i ther fis not preset (or not being cansideced, oj, = 9. og FSi given by De smaller of es, 23) 0 Gl), anc Fay #5 given by oC). To deterine Fy and Fo he values Of FS ae bianed for pra. 22. fe oa ‘The valet of FS ave w be dateslnedlndepenieny forthe axl 20d toop ditions. $412 Forts 12 for shel ude combine nal ompeeson and enema pesure) Latasimrasrali-$) om Palate scone ste ms oue seer fee ee hee Lees meee eee Sel ere ee See ure Fan = Foals S013 ow Fae (A -OMCA—OASH fe OIS¢A-<12 (39) 2 For Combinatlon of Axial Compression Due to ‘Banding Moment, 3, and Hoop Compression ‘The llowablstres inthe loogltnldetion's gion toy Fi a te allowable sues in te cemfecenial beeen Is ven by Fae ASP on Fa = Pa ‘where yard Cy given by the following eqution nd Fale preaby oy O, a anh G9 GRcR+oscp+ GP e Me, «PP nee Ae Solve fer Cem og (55) by iteration Py ven by ea Ob, eo ‘casnS OF AE BOMLAR AND PRESSURH VESSEL CODE ‘53 For Combination of Hoop Compression and Shear ‘The allowable shear aot fs given by Fag an the slowablecieurforenal sues i ven BY Fae ant 4 ‘oye given by on. (8.9) an Fi even by 09, 1. sa, Manet aS oo 5:4 Fer Combination of Uniform Asi Compre sion ns Compt Df ending Mowe SSdshey ne PreemettpCompeson #0) ace ff on Sat recs ea Fag given by co. SH), Figs is gtem By en, Sand gis gen by 63. OM) SA2 Fulls an fvand yf oo ad Ashe aes of enforcement gue, dis he side ‘Eaneer of the oping ad 4 the ekness of shell exled fr the anal compression lds witht extemal ‘pressure, The reaforceean shal be paced win a i fares of 0.75 JR fom ths edge of te pening, Reinfores- [next svalibe fromthe ost neck tal be Hime to a ‘hiskear co! exceeding the sie pl tckness ot the ozale atadbent, aod be placed within atid mens ‘onal to th ouside surice of the vessl shall of O5 Jay, ox not exceniag 2S £1), where ys the exe rat dusenee. 933 For eylinders designed for axel compression in combination vi extemal pressure deren forint shall be he large of hat egied fr exer presses alone (9.1) seal competion sane 0.2). Required remfore- ‘ont al bo placed within the Limite deserbed in 9:2 above 10 REFERENCES -APLU (98°), API Balletio 2 QBUL 20), “Balatin on Suablty Design of Cylindrical Stalls" propied unde: he ‘Welding Rescrch Count Buln 405, "Proposed Riles ‘or Dermining Alowatle Compresiv Suess fr C9 Inger Cones. Spheres, ané Formed Heada” CD. Miler ‘and K. Malian, November 1995, ISSN 0043-2526. Mir, CD. and Meira, K., (1256), "& Comparison of Proposed Allematve Rais with ASME Code Riles ‘er Determining Allowable Compressive Susie,” The “ih ltenational Conference on Prestuc Ves] Tech- nology, Montel, Canad ty 25,1996, Miler, C.D. ad Sallis, BP (1893). "Analysit of Cin- eal Shell Datbase and Valdaon of Design Founulae Nis API Project 90:56, eter 199%, Mile, CD, “Expecimentl Study ofthe Bucking of lines) Stele With Reinforced Opeingh” ASMEZ ANS Nocler Engineering Contents, Porind, Oregon, sy 192 Mule, CD, “Te Blt of Int Imperecdons on the Buckling of Cylinders Sobeted to Euleal Presse VRC Grant 9-28, Weliag Reseach Cowie Bulla 443, Report No.1 July 1998, “Coumentiry on the Altemative Rees for Deralnng Allowabie Compressive Suess fox Cylindes, Cones, Spheres, nd Formed Hesds for Seeson VII, Drvsions and 2,” PRC: Grane 9-07, Welds Ressivch Comet Bolin 462, uno 2001 (aaa