Nursing: A Concept-Based Approach to Learning, 2e (Pearson)

Module 42 Accountability

The Concept of Accountability

1) A nurse educator is teaching a group of students about professionalism. The educator teaches
the students that a profession is distinguished from other kinds of occupations through which of
the following methods?
Select all that apply.
A) By being economically responsible
B) By participating in ongoing research
C) By acquiring specialized education
D) By being autonomous
E) By socializing with other nurses
Answer: B, C, D
Explanation:
A) A profession is generally distinguished from other kinds of occupations by (a) its requirement
of prolonged, specialized training to acquire a body of knowledge that supports the role to be
performed; (b) an orientation of the individual toward service, either to a community or to an
organization; (c) ongoing research; (d) a code of ethics; (e) autonomy; and (f) a professional
organization. Socializing with other nurses and being economically responsible are not included
in the criteria for distinguishing nursing as a profession.
B) A profession is generally distinguished from other kinds of occupations by (a) its requirement
of prolonged, specialized training to acquire a body of knowledge that supports the role to be
performed; (b) an orientation of the individual toward service, either to a community or to an
organization; (c) ongoing research; (d) a code of ethics; (e) autonomy; and (f) a professional
organization. Socializing with other nurses and being economically responsible are not included
in the criteria for distinguishing nursing as a profession.
C) A profession is generally distinguished from other kinds of occupations by (a) its requirement
of prolonged, specialized training to acquire a body of knowledge that supports the role to be
performed; (b) an orientation of the individual toward service, either to a community or to an
organization; (c) ongoing research; (d) a code of ethics; (e) autonomy; and (f) a professional
organization. Socializing with other nurses and being economically responsible are not included
in the criteria for distinguishing nursing as a profession.
D) A profession is generally distinguished from other kinds of occupations by (a) its requirement
of prolonged, specialized training to acquire a body of knowledge that supports the role to be
performed; (b) an orientation of the individual toward service, either to a community or to an
organization; (c) ongoing research; (d) a code of ethics; (e) autonomy; and (f) a professional
organization. Socializing with other nurses and being economically responsible are not included
in the criteria for distinguishing nursing as a profession.

1
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
E) A profession is generally distinguished from other kinds of occupations by (a) its requirement
of prolonged, specialized training to acquire a body of knowledge that supports the role to be
performed; (b) an orientation of the individual toward service, either to a community or to an
organization; (c) ongoing research; (d) a code of ethics; (e) autonomy; and (f) a professional
organization. Socializing with other nurses and being economically responsible are not included
in the criteria for distinguishing nursing as a profession.
Page Ref: 2357
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 1. Examine the criteria of the profession and the professionalization of
nursing.

2
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
2) A nurse would like to implement an evidenced-based practice change that will influence client
care on the medical-surgical unit. The nurse works with the nurse manager and other members of
leadership to write a new policy and produce education for the staff and clients. The nurse is
practicing which of the standards of professional performance?
A) Leadership
B) Collaboration
C) Evaluation
D) Collegiality
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The nurse is practicing collaboration by working with the other staff members to implement a
policy change. Collaboration involves working with the client, the family, and others in the
conduct of nursing practice. Collegiality describes interaction with and contributions to the
professional development of peers and colleagues, which is what a mentoring relationship would
involve. Leadership provides direction in a professional practice setting. Evaluation involves a
comparison between one's own nursing practice and professional practice standards.
B) The nurse is practicing collaboration by working with the other staff members to implement a
policy change. Collaboration involves working with the client, the family, and others in the
conduct of nursing practice. Collegiality describes interaction with and contributions to the
professional development of peers and colleagues, which is what a mentoring relationship would
involve. Leadership provides direction in a professional practice setting. Evaluation involves a
comparison between one's own nursing practice and professional practice standards.
C) The nurse is practicing collaboration by working with the other staff members to implement a
policy change. Collaboration involves working with the client, the family, and others in the
conduct of nursing practice. Collegiality describes interaction with and contributions to the
professional development of peers and colleagues, which is what a mentoring relationship would
involve. Leadership provides direction in a professional practice setting. Evaluation involves a
comparison between one's own nursing practice and professional practice standards.
D) The nurse is practicing collaboration by working with the other staff members to implement a
policy change. Collaboration involves working with the client, the family, and others in the
conduct of nursing practice. Collegiality describes interaction with and contributions to the
professional development of peers and colleagues, which is what a mentoring relationship would
involve. Leadership provides direction in a professional practice setting. Evaluation involves a
comparison between one's own nursing practice and professional practice standards.
Page Ref: 2536
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2. Explore the essential nursing values concerning attitudes, personal
qualities, and professional behaviors.

3
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
3) A nurse faculty member is speaking to prospective students of the BSN program at their
educational institution. Which of the following is a major incentive for students to select a BSN
program over an ADN program?
Select all that apply.
A) Greater autonomy in the practice setting
B) Liberal arts education
C) Easier transition to graduate school
D) Ability to work in critical care areas
E) Better opportunity for career advancement
Answer: A, E
Explanation:
A) The nurse who holds a baccalaureate degree enjoys greater autonomy, responsibility,
participation in institutional decision making, and career advancement. RNs, regardless of their
education level, can work in critical care areas. There are some programs offering RN to MSN
completion studies, but the ease of transition is not the ultimate incentive, which is career
advancement. Having a liberal arts education is also a plus, although not as major an incentive
for career advancement.
B) The nurse who holds a baccalaureate degree enjoys greater autonomy, responsibility,
participation in institutional decision making, and career advancement. RNs, regardless of their
education level, can work in critical care areas. There are some programs offering RN to MSN
completion studies, but the ease of transition is not the ultimate incentive, which is career
advancement. Having a liberal arts education is also a plus, although not as major an incentive
for career advancement.
C) The nurse who holds a baccalaureate degree enjoys greater autonomy, responsibility,
participation in institutional decision making, and career advancement. RNs, regardless of their
education level, can work in critical care areas. There are some programs offering RN to MSN
completion studies, but the ease of transition is not the ultimate incentive, which is career
advancement. Having a liberal arts education is also a plus, although not as major an incentive
for career advancement.
D) The nurse who holds a baccalaureate degree enjoys greater autonomy, responsibility,
participation in institutional decision making, and career advancement. RNs, regardless of their
education level, can work in critical care areas. There are some programs offering RN to MSN
completion studies, but the ease of transition is not the ultimate incentive, which is career
advancement. Having a liberal arts education is also a plus, although not as major an incentive
for career advancement.
E) The nurse who holds a baccalaureate degree enjoys greater autonomy, responsibility,
participation in institutional decision making, and career advancement. RNs, regardless of their
education level, can work in critical care areas. There are some programs offering RN to MSN
completion studies, but the ease of transition is not the ultimate incentive, which is career
advancement. Having a liberal arts education is also a plus, although not as major an incentive
for career advancement.
Page Ref: 2357
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Nursing Process: Evaluation
Learning Outcome: 3. Explore the different types of educational nursing programs.

4
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
4) The ANA's proposal for entry level for professional practice initiated debate among nurses.
Which would be most at risk if the ANA proposal were implemented?
A) An RN with a diploma who works in a critical care area
B) An RN with a BSN who is a staff nurse
C) An RN with an associate degree who is currently in school
D) An RN with an associate degree who is a nurse manager
Answer: D
Explanation:
A) According to the ANA's proposal, only the baccalaureate graduate would be licensed under
the legal title of registered nurse. The graduate with an associate degree or diploma would be
considered a technical nurse. If the ANA proposal is implemented, nurses who are currently
licensed and educated in associate degree or diploma programs would have to be considered
under a grandfather clause, provided that their performance meets established standards. If an
institution required a minimum of a baccalaureate degree for the position of a nurse manager, an
RN who is currently employed as a head nurse but who does not hold the baccalaureate degree
would have no guarantee of retaining that position.
B) According to the ANA's proposal, only the baccalaureate graduate would be licensed under
the legal title of registered nurse. The graduate with an associate degree or diploma would be
considered a technical nurse. If the ANA proposal is implemented, nurses who are currently
licensed and educated in associate degree or diploma programs would have to be considered
under a grandfather clause, provided that their performance meets established standards. If an
institution required a minimum of a baccalaureate degree for the position of a nurse manager, an
RN who is currently employed as a head nurse but who does not hold the baccalaureate degree
would have no guarantee of retaining that position.
C) According to the ANA's proposal, only the baccalaureate graduate would be licensed under
the legal title of registered nurse. The graduate with an associate degree or diploma would be
considered a technical nurse. If the ANA proposal is implemented, nurses who are currently
licensed and educated in associate degree or diploma programs would have to be considered
under a grandfather clause, provided that their performance meets established standards. If an
institution required a minimum of a baccalaureate degree for the position of a nurse manager, an
RN who is currently employed as a head nurse but who does not hold the baccalaureate degree
would have no guarantee of retaining that position.
D) According to the ANA's proposal, only the baccalaureate graduate would be licensed under
the legal title of registered nurse. The graduate with an associate degree or diploma would be
considered a technical nurse. If the ANA proposal is implemented, nurses who are currently
licensed and educated in associate degree or diploma programs would have to be considered
under a grandfather clause, provided that their performance meets established standards. If an
institution required a minimum of a baccalaureate degree for the position of a nurse manager, an
RN who is currently employed as a head nurse but who does not hold the baccalaureate degree
would have no guarantee of retaining that position.
Page Ref: 2536
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 4. Examine aspects of entry into professional nursing practice.

5
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
5) A nurse educator is conducting a continuing education in-service for the nurses in a pediatric
intensive care unit. A staff nurse practicing on the unit considers attending the in-service an
important aspect of being a professional nurse for which of the following reasons?
A) Most states require it to maintain licensure.
B) It is a good way to receive overtime by coming in on a day off.
C) Research and new technology demand that the nurse stay current.
D) New diseases are discovered every day.
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) Research and technology are constantly changing and improving client care. The nurse should
stay abreast of new information by attending continuing education courses. Receiving overtime
pay is not a reason to attend continuing education courses. It is not new diseases that are
discovered every day, but new ways of treating diseases, requiring that the nurse keep abreast of
new information. Many states do require continuing education to keep nurses competent in client
care, but new technology and research are the most important reasons for staying current and the
reasons that continuing education is required by most states.
B) Research and technology are constantly changing and improving client care. The nurse should
stay abreast of new information by attending continuing education courses. Receiving overtime
pay is not a reason to attend continuing education courses. It is not new diseases that are
discovered every day, but new ways of treating diseases, requiring that the nurse keep abreast of
new information. Many states do require continuing education to keep nurses competent in client
care, but new technology and research are the most important reasons for staying current and the
reasons that continuing education is required by most states.
C) Research and technology are constantly changing and improving client care. The nurse should
stay abreast of new information by attending continuing education courses. Receiving overtime
pay is not a reason to attend continuing education courses. It is not new diseases that are
discovered every day, but new ways of treating diseases, requiring that the nurse keep abreast of
new information. Many states do require continuing education to keep nurses competent in client
care, but new technology and research are the most important reasons for staying current and the
reasons that continuing education is required by most states.
D) Research and technology are constantly changing and improving client care. The nurse should
stay abreast of new information by attending continuing education courses. Receiving overtime
pay is not a reason to attend continuing education courses. It is not new diseases that are
discovered every day, but new ways of treating diseases, requiring that the nurse keep abreast of
new information. Many states do require continuing education to keep nurses competent in client
care, but new technology and research are the most important reasons for staying current and the
reasons that continuing education is required by most states.
Page Ref: 2537
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 5. Critically examine the importance of continuing nursing education.

6
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
6) Sally, a nurse supervisor, has been asked to talk about nursing at the career day at her former
high school. Sally decides to explain why nursing is a profession rather than a job. What are
some of the criteria she will discuss to illustrate why nursing is a profession?
Select all that apply.
A) Ongoing research
B) High salaries
C) Nursing shortage
D) Service orientation
E) General knowledge
Answer: A, D
Explanation:
A) Increasing research in nursing is contributing to nursing practice. Salary level is not a
criterion for a profession. The number of practitioners is not related to professionalism. A service
orientation differentiates nursing from occupations pursued primarily for profit. As a profession,
nursing is establishing a well-defined body of knowledge and expertise.
B) Increasing research in nursing is contributing to nursing practice. Salary level is not a
criterion for a profession. The number of practitioners is not related to professionalism. A service
orientation differentiates nursing from occupations pursued primarily for profit. As a profession,
nursing is establishing a well-defined body of knowledge and expertise.
C) Increasing research in nursing is contributing to nursing practice. Salary level is not a
criterion for a profession. The number of practitioners is not related to professionalism. A service
orientation differentiates nursing from occupations pursued primarily for profit. As a profession,
nursing is establishing a well-defined body of knowledge and expertise.
D) Increasing research in nursing is contributing to nursing practice. Salary level is not a
criterion for a profession. The number of practitioners is not related to professionalism. A service
orientation differentiates nursing from occupations pursued primarily for profit. As a profession,
nursing is establishing a well-defined body of knowledge and expertise.
E) Increasing research in nursing is contributing to nursing practice. Salary level is not a criterion
for a profession. The number of practitioners is not related to professionalism. A service
orientation differentiates nursing from occupations pursued primarily for profit. As a profession,
nursing is establishing a well-defined body of knowledge and expertise.
Page Ref: 2536-2538
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Nursing Process: Teaching and Learning
Learning Outcome: 1. Examine the criteria of the profession and the professionalization of
nursing.

7
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
7) Harry, a 30-year-old pharmaceutical representative, has decided to become a nurse. What
program is recommended for Harry as an entry-level education for professional nursing?
A) Associate degree
B) Baccalaureate degree
C) Master's degree
D) Nursing doctorate
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) Although an associate degree usually provides the essential credentials for nursing licensure,
the ANA recommends a baccalaureate degree as the optimal entry-level education. A master's
degree is usually undertaken to provide specialized nursing education, such as nurse practitioner.
A doctorate involves advanced training, which may focus on clinical or organizational skills and
usually involves research.
B) Although an associate degree usually provides the essential credentials for nursing licensure,
the ANA recommends a baccalaureate degree as the optimal entry-level education. A master's
degree is usually undertaken to provide specialized nursing education, such as nurse practitioner.
A doctorate involves advanced training, which may focus on clinical or organizational skills and
usually involves research.
C) Although an associate degree usually provides the essential credentials for nursing licensure,
the ANA recommends a baccalaureate degree as the optimal entry-level education. A master's
degree is usually undertaken to provide specialized nursing education, such as nurse practitioner.
A doctorate involves advanced training, which may focus on clinical or organizational skills and
usually involves research.
D) Although an associate degree usually provides the essential credentials for nursing licensure,
the ANA recommends a baccalaureate degree as the optimal entry-level education. A master's
degree is usually undertaken to provide specialized nursing education, such as nurse practitioner.
A doctorate involves advanced training, which may focus on clinical or organizational skills and
usually involves research.
Page Ref: 2536
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Nursing Process: Teaching and Learning
Learning Outcome: 3. Explore the different types of educational nursing programs.

8
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
8) What is the most powerful factor in encouraging adoption of the attitudes and behaviors that
characterize nursing professionalism?
A) Employment opportunities
B) Licensure requirements
C) Interaction with peers
D) Specialized training
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) Employment opportunities, licensure requirements, and salary levels are not associated with
adopting the attitudes and behaviors of professional nursing. One of the most powerful
mechanisms of professional socialization is interaction with fellow students.
B) Employment opportunities, licensure requirements, and salary levels are not associated with
adopting the attitudes and behaviors of professional nursing. One of the most powerful
mechanisms of professional socialization is interaction with fellow students.
C) Employment opportunities, licensure requirements, and salary levels are not associated with
adopting the attitudes and behaviors of professional nursing. One of the most powerful
mechanisms of professional socialization is interaction with fellow students.
D) Employment opportunities, licensure requirements, and salary levels are not associated with
adopting the attitudes and behaviors of professional nursing. One of the most powerful
mechanisms of professional socialization is interaction with fellow students.
Page Ref: 2536
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Nursing Process: Teaching and Learning
Learning Outcome: 2. Explore the essential nursing values concerning attitudes, personal
qualities, and professional behaviors.

9
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exemplar 42.1 Competence

1) A new graduate nurse on a medical-surgical unit has been just been released from the
orientation phase of training. The nurse is able to care for a four- to five-client assignment
independently. She is assigned a coach on the unit who will help with problem solving, if
needed. According to Benner's stages of nursing expertise, this nurse would belong to which
stage?
A) Stage II
B) Stage V
C) Stage III
D) Stage IV
Answer: A
Explanation:
A) The new graduate nurse who is fresh out of the orientation phase is considered Stage II. The
Stage II nurse is the advanced beginner, who demonstrates marginally acceptable performance.
Stage III is the competency stage; the nurse at this stage has 2 or 3 years of experience and
demonstrates organizational and planning abilities. Stage IV is a proficiency stage. The nurse has
3 to 5 years of experience and has a holistic understanding of the client, which improves decision
making, and focuses on long-term goals. The nurse at Stage V is considered an expert.
Performance is fluid, flexible, and highly proficient. The expert nurse no longer requires rules,
guidelines, or maxims to connect an understanding of the situation to appropriate action. This
individual has highly intuitive and analytic abilities in new situations.
B) The new graduate nurse who is fresh out of the orientation phase is considered Stage II. The
Stage II nurse is the advanced beginner, who demonstrates marginally acceptable performance.
Stage III is the competency stage; the nurse at this stage has 2 or 3 years of experience and
demonstrates organizational and planning abilities. Stage IV is a proficiency stage. The nurse has
3 to 5 years of experience and has a holistic understanding of the client, which improves decision
making, and focuses on long-term goals. The nurse at Stage V is considered an expert.
Performance is fluid, flexible, and highly proficient. The expert nurse no longer requires rules,
guidelines, or maxims to connect an understanding of the situation to appropriate action. This
individual has highly intuitive and analytic abilities in new situations.
C) The new graduate nurse who is fresh out of the orientation phase is considered Stage II. The
Stage II nurse is the advanced beginner, who demonstrates marginally acceptable performance.
Stage III is the competency stage; the nurse at this stage has 2 or 3 years of experience and
demonstrates organizational and planning abilities. Stage IV is a proficiency stage. The nurse has
3 to 5 years of experience and has a holistic understanding of the client, which improves decision
making, and focuses on long-term goals. The nurse at Stage V is considered an expert.
Performance is fluid, flexible, and highly proficient. The expert nurse no longer requires rules,
guidelines, or maxims to connect an understanding of the situation to appropriate action. This
individual has highly intuitive and analytic abilities in new situations.

10
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
D) The new graduate nurse who is fresh out of the orientation phase is considered Stage II. The
Stage II nurse is the advanced beginner, who demonstrates marginally acceptable performance.
Stage III is the competency stage; the nurse at this stage has 2 or 3 years of experience and
demonstrates organizational and planning abilities. Stage IV is a proficiency stage. The nurse has
3 to 5 years of experience and has a holistic understanding of the client, which improves decision
making, and focuses on long-term goals. The nurse at Stage V is considered an expert.
Performance is fluid, flexible, and highly proficient. The expert nurse no longer requires rules,
guidelines, or maxims to connect an understanding of the situation to appropriate action. This
individual has highly intuitive and analytic abilities in new situations.
Page Ref: 2545
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Nursing Process: Assessment
Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss Benner's levels of nursing proficiency.

11
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
2) One of the roles of the community health nurse is to educate the community about health
promotion and wellness. Which activity would the nurse dismiss as not being relevant to health
promotion and wellness?
A) Holding classes on prevention of sexually transmitted infections for teenagers
B) Teaching a class about smoking cessation
C) Initiating infant care classes for new parents
D) Implementing an exercise class for clients who have had a heart attack
Answer: D
Explanation:
A) Teaching clients about recovery activities, such as exercises that accelerate recovery after a
heart attack, would fall under the category of health restoration, not health promotion. Wellness
is a process that engages in activities and behaviors that enhance quality of life and maximize
personal potential. This involves individual and community activities to enhance healthy
lifestyles, such as improving nutrition and physical fitness, preventing drug and alcohol misuse,
restricting smoking, and preventing accidents in the home and workplace. The goal of illness
prevention is to maintain optimal health by preventing disease, which would include
immunization, prenatal and infant care, and prevention of sexually transmitted disease.
B) Teaching clients about recovery activities, such as exercises that accelerate recovery after a
heart attack, would fall under the category of health restoration, not health promotion. Wellness
is a process that engages in activities and behaviors that enhance quality of life and maximize
personal potential. This involves individual and community activities to enhance healthy
lifestyles, such as improving nutrition and physical fitness, preventing drug and alcohol misuse,
restricting smoking, and preventing accidents in the home and workplace. The goal of illness
prevention is to maintain optimal health by preventing disease, which would include
immunization, prenatal and infant care, and prevention of sexually transmitted disease.
C) Teaching clients about recovery activities, such as exercises that accelerate recovery after a
heart attack, would fall under the category of health restoration, not health promotion. Wellness
is a process that engages in activities and behaviors that enhance quality of life and maximize
personal potential. This involves individual and community activities to enhance healthy
lifestyles, such as improving nutrition and physical fitness, preventing drug and alcohol misuse,
restricting smoking, and preventing accidents in the home and workplace. The goal of illness
prevention is to maintain optimal health by preventing disease, which would include
immunization, prenatal and infant care, and prevention of sexually transmitted disease.
D) Teaching clients about recovery activities, such as exercises that accelerate recovery after a
heart attack, would fall under the category of health restoration, not health promotion. Wellness
is a process that engages in activities and behaviors that enhance quality of life and maximize
personal potential. This involves individual and community activities to enhance healthy
lifestyles, such as improving nutrition and physical fitness, preventing drug and alcohol misuse,
restricting smoking, and preventing accidents in the home and workplace. The goal of illness
prevention is to maintain optimal health by preventing disease, which would include
immunization, prenatal and infant care, and prevention of sexually transmitted disease.
Page Ref: 2544
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2. Identify four major areas of competency within the scope of nursing
practice.
12
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
3) A nurse educator is talking to a group of staff nurses about the importance of continued
competence in nursing practice. The nurse educator tells the group that in order to maintain
competence, the nurses should consider which of the following?
A) Working overtime whenever it is available
B) Designing a poster presentation on current research on care for the dying client
C) Volunteering to take blood pressures at a health and wellness fair
D) Organizing a seminar to educate new nurses on hospital policies
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) Designing a poster presentation on current research involves gathering information on a
nursing topic. The nurse may be preparing to teach others but in doing so is gaining more
knowledge and furthering personal competence. Working overtime does not necessarily
contribute to continued competence and may not be beneficial for the nurse or clients if the nurse
experiences burnout. Volunteering to take blood pressures will not further the nurse's
competence. Organizing an educational seminar involves scheduling, recruiting speakers, and
arranging for a location, but it does not contribute to continued competence; however, attending
such a seminar may.
B) Designing a poster presentation on current research involves gathering information on a
nursing topic. The nurse may be preparing to teach others but in doing so is gaining more
knowledge and furthering personal competence. Working overtime does not necessarily
contribute to continued competence and may not be beneficial for the nurse or clients if the nurse
experiences burnout. Volunteering to take blood pressures will not further the nurse's
competence. Organizing an educational seminar involves scheduling, recruiting speakers, and
arranging for a location, but it does not contribute to continued competence; however, attending
such a seminar may.
C) Designing a poster presentation on current research involves gathering information on a
nursing topic. The nurse may be preparing to teach others but in doing so is gaining more
knowledge and furthering personal competence. Working overtime does not necessarily
contribute to continued competence and may not be beneficial for the nurse or clients if the nurse
experiences burnout. Volunteering to take blood pressures will not further the nurse's
competence. Organizing an educational seminar involves scheduling, recruiting speakers, and
arranging for a location, but it does not contribute to continued competence; however, attending
such a seminar may.
D) Designing a poster presentation on current research involves gathering information on a
nursing topic. The nurse may be preparing to teach others but in doing so is gaining more
knowledge and furthering personal competence. Working overtime does not necessarily
contribute to continued competence and may not be beneficial for the nurse or clients if the nurse
experiences burnout. Volunteering to take blood pressures will not further the nurse's
competence. Organizing an educational seminar involves scheduling, recruiting speakers, and
arranging for a location, but it does not contribute to continued competence; however, attending
such a seminar may.
Page Ref: 2544
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Nursing Process: Planning
Learning Outcome: 3. Describe ways to promote lifelong competence in nursing.

13
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
4) Andrea became a licensed nurse 4 years ago and is employed at a small rural hospital.
Because of her effective decision-making abilities, she has been asked to participate in an
interdisciplinary task force to work on improving patient care. Andrea's skill level is
demonstrating which of Benner's Stages of Nursing Expertise?
A) Advanced beginner
B) Competent
C) Proficient
D) Expert
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) An advanced beginner demonstrates marginally acceptable performance. A competent nurse
has 2 or 3 years of experience and demonstrates organizational and planning abilities. A
proficient nurse has 3 to 5 years of experience and has holistic understanding of the client, which
improves decision making. An expert demonstrates highly skilled intuitive and analytic ability in
new situations.
B) An advanced beginner demonstrates marginally acceptable performance. A competent nurse
has 2 or 3 years of experience and demonstrates organizational and planning abilities. A
proficient nurse has 3 to 5 years of experience and has holistic understanding of the client, which
improves decision making. An expert demonstrates highly skilled intuitive and analytic ability in
new situations.
C) An advanced beginner demonstrates marginally acceptable performance. A competent nurse
has 2 or 3 years of experience and demonstrates organizational and planning abilities. A
proficient nurse has 3 to 5 years of experience and has holistic understanding of the client, which
improves decision making. An expert demonstrates highly skilled intuitive and analytic ability in
new situations.
D) An advanced beginner demonstrates marginally acceptable performance. A competent nurse
has 2 or 3 years of experience and demonstrates organizational and planning abilities. A
proficient nurse has 3 to 5 years of experience and has holistic understanding of the client, which
improves decision making. An expert demonstrates highly skilled intuitive and analytic ability in
new situations.
Page Ref: 2545
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Nursing Process: Teaching and Learning
Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss Benner's levels of nursing proficiency.

14
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
5) Maxine works in a large urban high school. Among other duties, she provides programs on
nutrition, smoking cessation, and the prevention of sexually transmitted infections. Which area(s)
of nursing competence is Maxine demonstrating?
Select all that apply.
A) Health restoration
B) Health and wellness promotion
C) Caring for the dying
D) Illness prevention
E) Care cost savings
Answer: B, D
Explanation:
A) Health restoration focuses on the ill client. Health promotion enables individuals and
communities to increase their control over the determinants of health and thus improve their
health. Caring for the dying involves helping clients live as comfortably as possible until death.
Illness prevention programs are designed to maintain optimal health by preventing disease. Care
cost saving is not a core area of nursing competence.
B) Health restoration focuses on the ill client. Health promotion enables individuals and
communities to increase their control over the determinants of health and thus improve their
health. Caring for the dying involves helping clients live as comfortably as possible until death.
Illness prevention programs are designed to maintain optimal health by preventing disease. Care
cost saving is not a core area of nursing competence.
C) Health restoration focuses on the ill client. Health promotion enables individuals and
communities to increase their control over the determinants of health and thus improve their
health. Caring for the dying involves helping clients live as comfortably as possible until death.
Illness prevention programs are designed to maintain optimal health by preventing disease. Care
cost saving is not a core area of nursing competence.
D) Health restoration focuses on the ill client. Health promotion enables individuals and
communities to increase their control over the determinants of health and thus improve their
health. Caring for the dying involves helping clients live as comfortably as possible until death.
Illness prevention programs are designed to maintain optimal health by preventing disease. Care
cost saving is not a core area of nursing competence.
E) Health restoration focuses on the ill client. Health promotion enables individuals and
communities to increase their control over the determinants of health and thus improve their
health. Caring for the dying involves helping clients live as comfortably as possible until death.
Illness prevention programs are designed to maintain optimal health by preventing disease. Care
cost saving is not a core area of nursing competence.
Page Ref: 2544
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2. Identify four major areas of competence within the scope of nursing
practice.

15
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
6) Samantha, an experienced nurse practitioner, is always conscious of the need to maintain a
high level of competence. Which of the following activities is not likely to support her goals?
A) Reading professional journals
B) Collaborating with peers
C) Counseling clients
D) Attending professional workshops and seminars
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) Lifelong competence can be promoted by attending seminars offered by colleges and
professional organizations, reading professional and peer-reviewed journals, and having formal
and informal discussions with peers and other members of the healthcare team. Providing
counseling to clients is a way to implement nursing knowledge, not a method of increasing it.
B) Lifelong competence can be promoted by attending seminars offered by colleges and
professional organizations, reading professional and peer-reviewed journals, and having formal
and informal discussions with peers and other members of the healthcare team. Providing
counseling to clients is a way to implement nursing knowledge, not a method of increasing it.
C) Lifelong competence can be promoted by attending seminars offered by colleges and
professional organizations, reading professional and peer-reviewed journals, and having formal
and informal discussions with peers and other members of the healthcare team. Providing
counseling to clients is a way to implement nursing knowledge, not a method of increasing it.
D) Lifelong competence can be promoted by attending seminars offered by colleges and
professional organizations, reading professional and peer-reviewed journals, and having formal
and informal discussions with peers and other members of the healthcare team. Providing
counseling to clients is a way to implement nursing knowledge, not a method of increasing it.
Page Ref: 2544
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Nursing Process: Teaching and Learning
Learning Outcome: 3. Describe ways to promote lifelong competence in nursing.

16
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exemplar 42.2 Professional Development

1) In alignment with the contributions of Florence Nightingale, the Vietnam Women's Memorial
was established to honor which of the following?
Select all that apply.
A) The families who lost loved ones during the war
B) Those who brought a human touch to the suffering and dying
C) Those who developed new surgical advancements and anesthetic agents
D) The memory of Ms. Nightingale
E) The image of the angel of mercy
Answer: A, B
Explanation:
A) The Vietnam Women's Memorial was established to "honor the women who served and also
for the families who lost loved ones during the war . . . to let them know about the women who
provided comfort, care, and a human touch for those who were suffering and dying" (Vietnam
Women's Memorial Foundation, n.d.). Florence Nightingale brought respectability to the nursing
profession, and her contributions allowed nurses to be viewed as noble, compassionate, moral,
religious, dedicated, and self-sacrificing. The image of the guardian angel or angel of mercy
arose in the latter part of the 19th century, largely from Ms. Nightingale's work. The monument
"The Spirit of Nursing" stands in Arlington National Cemetery, honoring nurses who served in
World War I–a time of progress in health care, particularly in the field of surgery and the use of
anesthetic agents.
B) The Vietnam Women's Memorial was established to "honor the women who served and also
for the families who lost loved ones during the war . . . to let them know about the women who
provided comfort, care, and a human touch for those who were suffering and dying" (Vietnam
Women's Memorial Foundation, n.d.). Florence Nightingale brought respectability to the nursing
profession, and her contributions allowed nurses to be viewed as noble, compassionate, moral,
religious, dedicated, and self-sacrificing. The image of the guardian angel or angel of mercy
arose in the latter part of the 19th century, largely from Ms. Nightingale's work. The monument
"The Spirit of Nursing" stands in Arlington National Cemetery, honoring nurses who served in
World War I–a time of progress in health care, particularly in the field of surgery and the use of
anesthetic agents.
C) The Vietnam Women's Memorial was established to "honor the women who served and also
for the families who lost loved ones during the war . . . to let them know about the women who
provided comfort, care, and a human touch for those who were suffering and dying" (Vietnam
Women's Memorial Foundation, n.d.). Florence Nightingale brought respectability to the nursing
profession, and her contributions allowed nurses to be viewed as noble, compassionate, moral,
religious, dedicated, and self-sacrificing. The image of the guardian angel or angel of mercy
arose in the latter part of the 19th century, largely from Ms. Nightingale's work. The monument
"The Spirit of Nursing" stands in Arlington National Cemetery, honoring nurses who served in
World War I–a time of progress in health care, particularly in the field of surgery and the use of
anesthetic agents.

17
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
D) The Vietnam Women's Memorial was established to "honor the women who served and also
for the families who lost loved ones during the war . . . to let them know about the women who
provided comfort, care, and a human touch for those who were suffering and dying" (Vietnam
Women's Memorial Foundation, n.d.). Florence Nightingale brought respectability to the nursing
profession, and her contributions allowed nurses to be viewed as noble, compassionate, moral,
religious, dedicated, and self-sacrificing. The image of the guardian angel or angel of mercy
arose in the latter part of the 19th century, largely from Ms. Nightingale's work. The monument
"The Spirit of Nursing" stands in Arlington National Cemetery, honoring nurses who served in
World War I–a time of progress in health care, particularly in the field of surgery and the use of
anesthetic agents.
E) The Vietnam Women's Memorial was established to "honor the women who served and also
for the families who lost loved ones during the war . . . to let them know about the women who
provided comfort, care, and a human touch for those who were suffering and dying" (Vietnam
Women's Memorial Foundation, n.d.). Florence Nightingale brought respectability to the nursing
profession, and her contributions allowed nurses to be viewed as noble, compassionate, moral,
religious, dedicated, and self-sacrificing. The image of the guardian angel or angel of mercy
arose in the latter part of the 19th century, largely from Ms. Nightingale's work. The monument
"The Spirit of Nursing" stands in Arlington National Cemetery, honoring nurses who served in
World War I–a time of progress in health care, particularly in the field of surgery and the use of
anesthetic agents.
Page Ref: 2546
Cognitive Level: Remembering
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Nursing Process: Assessment
Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss historical and contemporary factors influencing the development
of nursing.

18
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
2) The nurse is giving a bed-bath to a client in a long-term care facility. The nurse is careful to
cover the client during the bath. Which nursing role does this action describe?
A) Communicator
B) Caregiver
C) Client advocate
D) Teacher
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) The caregiver role includes those activities that assist the client physically and
psychologically while preserving the client's dignity. As a communicator, the nurse identifies
client problems, then communicates these verbally or in writing to other members of the health
team. As a teacher, the nurse helps clients learn about their health and the healthcare procedures
they need to perform to maintain or restore their health. A client advocate acts to protect clients
and represents their needs and wishes to other health professionals.
B) The caregiver role includes those activities that assist the client physically and
psychologically while preserving the client's dignity. As a communicator, the nurse identifies
client problems, then communicates these verbally or in writing to other members of the health
team. As a teacher, the nurse helps clients learn about their health and the healthcare procedures
they need to perform to maintain or restore their health. A client advocate acts to protect clients
and represents their needs and wishes to other health professionals.
C) The caregiver role includes those activities that assist the client physically and
psychologically while preserving the client's dignity. As a communicator, the nurse identifies
client problems, then communicates these verbally or in writing to other members of the health
team. As a teacher, the nurse helps clients learn about their health and the healthcare procedures
they need to perform to maintain or restore their health. A client advocate acts to protect clients
and represents their needs and wishes to other health professionals.
D) The caregiver role includes those activities that assist the client physically and
psychologically while preserving the client's dignity. As a communicator, the nurse identifies
client problems, then communicates these verbally or in writing to other members of the health
team. As a teacher, the nurse helps clients learn about their health and the healthcare procedures
they need to perform to maintain or restore their health. A client advocate acts to protect clients
and represents their needs and wishes to other health professionals.
Page Ref: 2551
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the roles of nurses.

19
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
3) The charge nurse observes that a fellow charge nurse on the unit who is caring for a patient on
a ventilator seems impaired and unable to perform care for the patient. The impaired nurse is
caring for patients on the night shift and also functions as a charge nurse. The responsibility of
the charge nurse in this situation is to take which action?
A) Notify security.
B) Call the nurse manager of the unit.
C) Discuss the situation with the nursing supervisor.
D) Confront the nurse caring for the patient.
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) Discussing the situation with the nursing supervisor is the appropriate decision. Because the
charge nurse has witnessed the behavior it is important to follow the appropriate chain of
command, allowing the nursing supervisor to make the appropriate decision about the next
move. Confronting the impaired nurse would not be appropriate given that the nurse seems
impaired. The nurse manager will need to be notified, but the charge nurse must notify the
nursing supervisor in terms of how to proceed. Security may need to be notified eventually, but
that decision would be made by the nursing supervisor, who would delegate that authority to the
charge nurse.
B) Discussing the situation with the nursing supervisor is the appropriate decision. Because the
charge nurse has witnessed the behavior it is important to follow the appropriate chain of
command, allowing the nursing supervisor to make the appropriate decision about the next
move. Confronting the impaired nurse would not be appropriate given that the nurse seems
impaired. The nurse manager will need to be notified, but the charge nurse must notify the
nursing supervisor in terms of how to proceed. Security may need to be notified eventually, but
that decision would be made by the nursing supervisor, who would delegate that authority to the
charge nurse.
C) Discussing the situation with the nursing supervisor is the appropriate decision. Because the
charge nurse has witnessed the behavior it is important to follow the appropriate chain of
command, allowing the nursing supervisor to make the appropriate decision about the next
move. Confronting the impaired nurse would not be appropriate given that the nurse seems
impaired. The nurse manager will need to be notified, but the charge nurse must notify the
nursing supervisor in terms of how to proceed. Security may need to be notified eventually, but
that decision would be made by the nursing supervisor, who would delegate that authority to the
charge nurse.
D) Discussing the situation with the nursing supervisor is the appropriate decision. Because the
charge nurse has witnessed the behavior it is important to follow the appropriate chain of
command, allowing the nursing supervisor to make the appropriate decision about the next
move. Confronting the impaired nurse would not be appropriate given that the nurse seems
impaired. The nurse manager will need to be notified, but the charge nurse must notify the
nursing supervisor in terms of how to proceed. Security may need to be notified eventually, but
that decision would be made by the nursing supervisor, who would delegate that authority to the
charge nurse.
Page Ref: 2549-2550
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 3. Expand on the nurse's responsibility related to the chain of command.
20
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
4) A nurse is overseeing a group of students who are completing a clinical rotation on a medical-
surgical unit. The students are providing direct client care with the assistance of the nurse. This
nurse would most likely be certified as which of the following?
A) Clinical nurse specialist
B) Nurse practitioner
C) Nurse entrepreneur
D) Nurse educator
Answer: D
Explanation:
A) The nurse educator is responsible for classroom and often clinical teaching. A clinical nurse
specialist has an advanced degree or expertise and is considered to be an expert in a specialized
area of practice. The nurse provides direct client care, educates others, consults, conducts
research, and manages care. A nurse practitioner has an advanced education, is a graduate of a
nurse practitioner program, and usually deals with nonemergency acute or chronic illness and
provides primary ambulatory care. A nurse entrepreneur usually has an advanced degree,
manages a health-related business, and may be involved in education, consultation, or research.
B) The nurse educator is responsible for classroom and often clinical teaching. A clinical nurse
specialist has an advanced degree or expertise and is considered to be an expert in a specialized
area of practice. The nurse provides direct client care, educates others, consults, conducts
research, and manages care. A nurse practitioner has an advanced education, is a graduate of a
nurse practitioner program, and usually deals with nonemergency acute or chronic illness and
provides primary ambulatory care. A nurse entrepreneur usually has an advanced degree,
manages a health-related business, and may be involved in education, consultation, or research.
C) The nurse educator is responsible for classroom and often clinical teaching. A clinical nurse
specialist has an advanced degree or expertise and is considered to be an expert in a specialized
area of practice. The nurse provides direct client care, educates others, consults, conducts
research, and manages care. A nurse practitioner has an advanced education, is a graduate of a
nurse practitioner program, and usually deals with nonemergency acute or chronic illness and
provides primary ambulatory care. A nurse entrepreneur usually has an advanced degree,
manages a health-related business, and may be involved in education, consultation, or research.
D) The nurse educator is responsible for classroom and often clinical teaching. A clinical nurse
specialist has an advanced degree or expertise and is considered to be an expert in a specialized
area of practice. The nurse provides direct client care, educates others, consults, conducts
research, and manages care. A nurse practitioner has an advanced education, is a graduate of a
nurse practitioner program, and usually deals with nonemergency acute or chronic illness and
provides primary ambulatory care. A nurse entrepreneur usually has an advanced degree,
manages a health-related business, and may be involved in education, consultation, or research.
Page Ref: 2550
Cognitive Level: Applying
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the expanded career roles available to nurses and their functions.

21
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
5) Eliot, a nursing student, is trying to explain nursing to the members of a band he plays with on
weekends. What are some of the contemporary aspects of nursing Eliot might discuss?
Select all that apply.
A) Nursing is a science.
B) Nursing is easy.
C) Nursing is a new profession.
D) Nursing is focused on illness.
E) Nursing is holistic.
Answer: A, E
Explanation:
A) The ANA recognized the influence and contribution of the science of caring to nursing
philosophy and practice. Nursing is complex and involves the interrelationship among nurses,
nursing, the client, the environment, and the intended client outcome. Florence Nightingale
defined nursing nearly 150 years ago. The nurse is concerned with both healthy and ill
individuals. The ANA says that nursing is "adaptable to the needs of the individual, the family,
and community during health and illness."
B) The ANA recognized the influence and contribution of the science of caring to nursing
philosophy and practice. Nursing is complex and involves the interrelationship among nurses,
nursing, the client, the environment, and the intended client outcome. Florence Nightingale
defined nursing nearly 150 years ago. The nurse is concerned with both healthy and ill
individuals. The ANA says that nursing is "adaptable to the needs of the individual, the family,
and community during health and illness."
C) The ANA recognized the influence and contribution of the science of caring to nursing
philosophy and practice. Nursing is complex and involves the interrelationship among nurses,
nursing, the client, the environment, and the intended client outcome. Florence Nightingale
defined nursing nearly 150 years ago. The nurse is concerned with both healthy and ill
individuals. The ANA says that nursing is "adaptable to the needs of the individual, the family,
and community during health and illness."
D) The ANA recognized the influence and contribution of the science of caring to nursing
philosophy and practice. Nursing is complex and involves the interrelationship among nurses,
nursing, the client, the environment, and the intended client outcome. Florence Nightingale
defined nursing nearly 150 years ago. The nurse is concerned with both healthy and ill
individuals. The ANA says that nursing is "adaptable to the needs of the individual, the family,
and community during health and illness."
E) The ANA recognized the influence and contribution of the science of caring to nursing
philosophy and practice. Nursing is complex and involves the interrelationship among nurses,
nursing, the client, the environment, and the intended client outcome. Florence Nightingale
defined nursing nearly 150 years ago. The nurse is concerned with both healthy and ill
individuals. The ANA says that nursing is "adaptable to the needs of the individual, the family,
and community during health and illness."
Page Ref: 2548
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Nursing Process: Analysis
Learning Outcome: 1. Discuss historical and contemporary factors influencing the development
of nursing.

22
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
6) Sam, an 81-year-old with terminal pancreatic cancer, tells his nurse that he does not want any
further treatment but he is afraid his doctor will insist on additional chemotherapy. What role is
his nurse performing when she informs the physician about Sam's wishes?
A) Change agent
B) Case manager
C) Client advocate
D) Teacher
Answer: C
Explanation:
A) As change agents, nurses assist clients to make modifications in their behavior. Nurse case
managers work with the multidisciplinary healthcare team to measure the effectiveness of the
case management plan and to monitor outcomes. As client advocate, the nurse may represent the
client's needs and wishes to other health professionals, such as relaying the client's wishes for
information to the physician. As teachers, nurses help clients learn about their health and about
healthcare procedures used to restore or maintain their health.
B) As change agents, nurses assist clients to make modifications in their behavior. Nurse case
managers work with the multidisciplinary healthcare team to measure the effectiveness of the
case management plan and to monitor outcomes. As client advocate, the nurse may represent the
client's needs and wishes to other health professionals, such as relaying the client's wishes for
information to the physician. As teachers, nurses help clients learn about their health and about
healthcare procedures used to restore or maintain their health.
C) As change agents, nurses assist clients to make modifications in their behavior. Nurse case
managers work with the multidisciplinary healthcare team to measure the effectiveness of the
case management plan and to monitor outcomes. As client advocate, the nurse may represent the
client's needs and wishes to other health professionals, such as relaying the client's wishes for
information to the physician. As teachers, nurses help clients learn about their health and about
healthcare procedures used to restore or maintain their health.
D) As change agents, nurses assist clients to make modifications in their behavior. Nurse case
managers work with the multidisciplinary healthcare team to measure the effectiveness of the
case management plan and to monitor outcomes. As client advocate, the nurse may represent the
client's needs and wishes to other health professionals, such as relaying the client's wishes for
information to the physician. As teachers, nurses help clients learn about their health and about
healthcare procedures used to restore or maintain their health.
Page Ref: 2551
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Client Need Sub: Management of Care
Nursing Process: Analysis
Learning Outcome: 2. Describe the roles of nurses.

23
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
7) Mary, an Emergency Department (ED) nurse, notices that an ED physician smells strongly of
alcohol and appears confused. How should Mary address this situation?
A) Contact the charge nurse to report the problem.
B) Tell the physician to attend AA.
C) Report the physician to the hospital CEO.
D) Report the physician to the state licensing board.
Answer: A
Explanation:
A) In a hospital, the problem is usually first reported to the charge nurse, then to the unit
manager. If the problem is still not resolved, the nurse may approach someone in middle or upper
management. Suggestions to the physician about rehabilitation do not address the nurse's
responsibility to the clients and the organization. The nurse should address the problem through
the chain of command within the hospital.
B) In a hospital, the problem is usually first reported to the charge nurse, then to the unit
manager. If the problem is still not resolved, the nurse may approach someone in middle or upper
management. Suggestions to the physician about rehabilitation do not address the nurse's
responsibility to the clients and the organization. The nurse should address the problem through
the chain of command within the hospital.
C) In a hospital, the problem is usually first reported to the charge nurse, then to the unit
manager. If the problem is still not resolved, the nurse may approach someone in middle or upper
management. Suggestions to the physician about rehabilitation do not address the nurse's
responsibility to the clients and the organization. The nurse should address the problem through
the chain of command within the hospital.
D) In a hospital, the problem is usually first reported to the charge nurse, then to the unit
manager. If the problem is still not resolved, the nurse may approach someone in middle or upper
management. Suggestions to the physician about rehabilitation do not address the nurse's
responsibility to the clients and the organization. The nurse should address the problem through
the chain of command within the hospital.
Page Ref: 2549-2550
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Safe and Effective Care Environment
Nursing Process: Implementation
Learning Outcome: 3. Expand on the nurse's responsibility related to chain of command.

24
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.
8) Esther has obtained certification to provide direct client care, educate others, consult, conduct
research, and manage oncology care. Which of the expanded nursing roles describes Esther's
career position?
A) Nurse anesthetist
B) Clinical nurse specialist
C) Nurse educator
D) Nurse researcher
Answer: B
Explanation:
A) Nurse anesthetists have completed advanced education in an accredited program in
anesthesiology in order to qualify to be a nurse anesthetist. A clinical nurse specialist is a nurse
who has an advanced degree or expertise in a specialized area of practice. The American Nurses
Credentialing Center provides national certification of clinical nurse specialists. The nurse
educator is employed in a nursing program, at an educational institution, or in hospital staff
education and may have a baccalaureate degree or more advanced preparation. Nurse researchers
usually have advanced education at the doctoral level.
B) Nurse anesthetists have completed advanced education in an accredited program in
anesthesiology in order to qualify to be a nurse anesthetist. A clinical nurse specialist is a nurse
who has an advanced degree or expertise in a specialized area of practice. The American Nurses
Credentialing Center provides national certification of clinical nurse specialists. The nurse
educator is employed in a nursing program, at an educational institution, or in hospital staff
education and may have a baccalaureate degree or more advanced preparation. Nurse researchers
usually have advanced education at the doctoral level.
C) Nurse anesthetists have completed advanced education in an accredited program in
anesthesiology in order to qualify to be a nurse anesthetist. A clinical nurse specialist is a nurse
who has an advanced degree or expertise in a specialized area of practice. The American Nurses
Credentialing Center provides national certification of clinical nurse specialists. The nurse
educator is employed in a nursing program, at an educational institution, or in hospital staff
education and may have a baccalaureate degree or more advanced preparation. Nurse researchers
usually have advanced education at the doctoral level.
D) Nurse anesthetists have completed advanced education in an accredited program in
anesthesiology in order to qualify to be a nurse anesthetist. A clinical nurse specialist is a nurse
who has an advanced degree or expertise in a specialized area of practice. The American Nurses
Credentialing Center provides national certification of clinical nurse specialists. The nurse
educator is employed in a nursing program, at an educational institution, or in hospital staff
education and may have a baccalaureate degree or more advanced preparation. Nurse researchers
usually have advanced education at the doctoral level.
Page Ref: 2550
Cognitive Level: Analyzing
Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance
Nursing Process: Teaching and Learning
Learning Outcome: 4. Describe the expanded career roles available to nurses and their functions.

25
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.