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INCLUDES:

• Resource List Of Language Arts


Tools For Mom & Child
• Best Places To Buy Wholesome
Books
• Our Favorite Read-Alouds: Book
List For PreK-8th Grades
• Encouraging Quotes

All About Teaching Language Arts


For Homeschool Moms
Encourage A Love Of Learning Through A Slow & Steady Approach

Clarissa R. West
Copyright 2018, All Rights Reserved Clarissa R. West
This publication may not be reproduced, stored, or
transmitted in whole or in part, in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, or otherwise, without
prior written consent from the publisher and author.
Printables may be printed as needed for personal use
only.
Links may be affiliate or referral links and the author
may receive a small commission when a purchase is
made after clicking a link.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1. All About Teaching Language Arts: Introduction 4


Chapter 2. All About Teaching Handwriting 7
Chapter 3. All About Teaching Phonics 11
Chapter 4. All About Teaching Spelling 16
Chapter 5. All About Teaching Reading 20
Chapter 6. All About Teaching Vocabulary 22
Chapter 7. All About Teaching Grammar 24
Chapter 8. All About Teaching Literature 27
Chapter 9. All About Teaching Writing 30
Language Arts Resources For A Lifestyle Of Learning: Tools For Mom & Child 33
Best Places To Buy Wholesome Books + Book List 36
Printable Encouraging Quotes 38
About The Author 40

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Chapter 1. All About Teaching
Language Arts: Introduction
If teaching language arts has been a struggle in your homeschool or if you are new to homeschooling
and aren't sure where to start, then this book is for you. It is all about the nuts & bolts of learning
& teaching language arts for homeschool moms.
My approach to teaching language arts is very loosely based on the Spalding method which I have
adapted to meet our needs as a large homeschooling family who embraces a lifestyle of learning.
My goal is to show you how to teach yourself language arts so that you can teach your children language
arts - while instilling a love of learning in your children.
You will learn how to be intentional in language arts instruction so that you are prepared and able to
utilize almost any language arts curriculum to your benefit.
You may even realize you can create your own curriculum using the simplest and cheapest materials like
notebooks and pencils!
I recommend that you teach language arts to your children by example as soon as possible as an
extension of parenting.

My Background In Teaching Language Arts


Teaching language arts has been my favorite academic part of homeschooling. Language arts has
always been my favorite subject, and you could say it is a passion of mine.
I was not taught how to spell or read phonetically in public school. I was an avid reader by first grade, but
I struggled with spelling and grammar.
When I decided to homeschool my oldest son, I felt quite confident. After all, I loved academics as a
student, loved reading and writing as an adult, and investigative journalism was a hobby of mine.
I was a writer who didn't know how to write. I was actually ignorant of the fact.
So, imagine my surprise when I opened our A Beka Book K4 Letters & Sounds textbook and realized I
did not know the sounds of each letter! I was horrified that I knew only the most common sounds and
was left scratching my head as the text directed me to teach my child two or three sounds for some
letters!
Not only that, but I wasn't able to answer my child's questions about why words were spelled one way or
another. I had never heard of the majority of the spelling rules our curriculum was introducing to my 4-
year-old!
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It was then that I realized that I was not actually taught how to spell or read properly in my early school
years and that ultimately, I had not been taught phonics. Thankfully, my mother had instilled a love of
learning in me and I had the motivation to study language arts.
I became bound and determined to learn everything I could about phonics and language arts in general.
This is where my research skills kicked in.

All About Teaching Language Arts


My research and experience over the last several years of homeschooling my children have led me to
believe quite strongly in starting with phonics and spelling as the foundation to language arts. I have
discovered that each skill of language arts builds on each other and as you add another skill, you
continue using the previous.
You use all of your language arts skills in some capacity, as you expand your knowledge and abilities
over time, but the foundational skills become second-nature.
Parents unintentionally start teaching language arts through parenting - even during pregnancy.
Intentional parenting is important work and as a homeschool parent, you should include being intentional
with academics (though not as important as addressing heart issues).
First, let's define what language arts encompasses - at least for the purpose of teaching language arts in
the homeschool - so that you get an idea of what I will cover. Following chapters will go in-depth for each
topic, while this is a general overview.

What Is Language Arts? Let's Break It Down.


Definition of language arts:
noun
• The study of grammar, composition, spelling, and (sometimes) public speaking, typically taught as
a single subject in elementary and middle school.
Definition of language:
noun
• The method of human communication, either spoken or written, consisting of the use of words in a
structured and conventional way.
Definition of Arts:
noun
• The expression or application of human creative skill and imagination.
So, in conclusion: language arts is the study of all things to do with a language (in our case, English) and
the way in which we can communicate with it, whether through the written word (reading & writing) or
spoken word (listening & speaking).

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Language Arts In Real Life
As parents, we start teaching our children language arts by speaking to them throughout pregnancy, as
newborns, infants, and toddlers - we have seen them mimic and repeat back to us what we say and how
we say it - that is technically the beginning of language arts and it happens without us giving it much
thought.
As homeschool teachers, we get the privilege to continue their language arts education at home past the
preschool years. The transition is not complicated and neither does it require a teaching degree.
I hope to encourage you, Homeschool Mom, to become confident in teaching language arts at home.

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Chapter 2. All About Teaching
Handwriting
Teaching handwriting starts with teaching pre-handwriting skills to toddlers and gentle instruction will
continue for several more years. As always, there is flexibility in when to start teaching your children. It is
up to you and your child's readiness!
Don't worry, this isn't about forcing your child to practice handwriting every day and demand that they
write perfectly by age five. In fact, I want you to avoid doing that!
I started a handwriting program with one of my children around age four and they "hated writing" by age
seven because they hadn't been ready in the first place!
So, I did something radical and stopped all formal handwriting for a year, focused on the pre-handwriting
skills outlined below, and at age eight they were ready to learn cursive.
Handwriting lessons may also be known as penmanship or teaching letter formation. We will cover
pre-handwriting skills and formal handwriting lessons in this chapter.

All About Teaching Handwriting For Homeschool Moms


What is handwriting/penmanship/letter formation? Let's find out!
Definition of handwriting:
noun
• Writing with a pen or pencil.
• A person's particular style of writing.
Definition of penmanship:
noun
• The art or skill of writing by hand.
• A person's handwriting.
Definition of letter:
noun
• A character representing one or more of the sounds used in speech; any of the symbols of an al-
phabet.

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Definition of formation:
noun
• The action of forming or process of being formed.

Teaching Handwriting In Real Life


Teaching handwriting to your child means teaching them the correct way to form the letters of the
alphabet. This will help them communicate through the written word.
Toddlers will be ready to learn pre-handwriting skills anywhere from age one and older. Starting them off
right is important for future handwriting lessons and formal studies.
The first step is teaching them how to hold a pencil correctly and reminding them to do so every time they
use a pencil until it becomes natural for them.
It is not necessary to teach regular handwriting lessons until your child is much older since phonics,
spelling, and reading instruction can be thoroughly taught orally and visually.
These tips & ideas can be gently introduced around age one and then implemented over the following
several years.
Provide them with mazes, dot-to-dot, doodling, and more drawing activities that are not teaching letter
formation.
Encourage them to draw pictures.
Develop their fine motor skills through arts & crafts.
Let them see you writing (the shopping list, a thank you note, a note to daddy, anything!).
Let them use chalk on a chalkboard or markers on a whiteboard.
Let them draw with their fingers in rice, sand, etc. on a cookie sheet or in a shallow container.
Let them draw in the dirt with a stick or on the sidewalk with chalk.
Use a handwriting program that introduces and teaches lowercase letters first using proper letter
formation.
Let them trace letters with their fingers or pencil, using proper start/end points.
Teach them to write their name and introduce uppercase letters by explaining how they should capitalize
names.
Use worksheets that reinforce their phonics skills while practicing their handwriting. We love the free
PrintNPractice worksheets because they are phonics based.

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Making Time For Teaching Handwriting To Toddlers As A Mom Of Many
If you have older children who are doing formal lessons for school several days a week and you need to
keep your toddler busy during school time, then include them in your school time!
Give them fun activities to do that develop their fine motor skills and handwriting skills.
Have a variety of workbooks and activities set aside that are only for "school time" use.
Make sure they have their own special school writing materials like coloring pencils and blank papers for
drawing.
I will list recommendations for preschool activity books along with formal handwriting programs below.
Don't require them to sit and do one activity for long lengths of time, especially at first. They need to
develop their creativity and desire for drawing/writing first.
Allow them to switch activities often and explore their "school time" activities.
Some things that are great to have for hands-on creativity are:
Building blocks
Puzzles with large pieces
Felt boards with people/animals
Large building bricks
Board/picture books
Providing them with opportunities to learn while having fun is the main goal here. Instilling a love of
learning and the mentality that school time equals fun time will equip them with the tools they need to
succeed at handwriting!

Handwriting Programs That Compliment Phonics Instruction


The two main phonics programs that I love incorporate handwriting skills. However, I do not follow their
scope & sequence exactly, because I let my instincts and my child's readiness set the pace.
I now start formal handwriting lessons around age five or six when I am teaching formal phonics lessons.
I've learned that less is more when it comes to seatwork in the elementary grades.

Keep It Simple & Start With What You Have


If you are using a phonics program that includes handwriting, look it over and decide if it teaches in the
way you feel is best.
If it is a gentle approach that starts with lowercase and proper letter formation, then start handwriting
lessons when you feel your child is ready!

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Starting with print or cursive is up to you. I have always started with print, but I do think teaching cursive
is important and do so starting around age eight.
Resources For Pre-Writing Skills:
Rod & Staff Preschool Activity Books
Usborne Books & More Activity / Doodling Books
A Beka Preschool Books
Crafty Classroom Maze Writer
Thinking Tree Journals
Handwriting Programs I Love and/or Have Used:
The Phonics Road To Spelling and Reading
Spell To Write and Read
Handwriting Without Tears
A Beka Handwriting
Once you have taught proper letter formation, copywork is a great way to help them practice their
handwriting skills. Even before they are fluently reading or writing, you can use copywork to enhance
their language arts experience.
We love the Draw Write Now books that combine drawing with copywork. The art lessons are so easy
that even I can do them!

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Chapter 3. All About Teaching
Phonics
Teaching phonics comes alongside – or after – introducing handwriting skills. As with each level of
language arts, there is plenty of flexibility and overlap in the age range since every child is different.
I am giving general guidelines and suggestions for ages so that you get an idea of a good time to be
focusing on each level. Remember, as you (and your child) master one level, you carry it over to the next,
and never stop using that skill!
Ideally, teaching phonics should start as a natural extension of parenting and become second-nature to
both child & parent by the time formal school studies begin. How is this possible? Let’s find out!
First, let’s define exactly what phonics is. Understanding what phonics is will help you understand why it
is an important foundation for language arts.

All About Teaching Phonics For Homeschool Moms


Definition of phonics:
noun
• the science of sound
• a method of teaching beginners to read and pronounce words by learning the phonetic value of
letters, letter groups, and especially syllables
Definition of phonogram:
noun
• A symbol representing a vocal sound.

PHONICS IN REAL LIFE


Gentle phonics instruction may start around age two by looking for opportunities to teach them in
lighthearted ways.
A toddler naturally mimics and repeats what they hear others around them say. Therefore, phonics is
already happening, but only in speech.
Making a phonetic connection to the written word and reading is really quite simple if you are intentional
about it. This is where you as the parent-teacher must put in the effort.

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Just as you teach your child how to say words, you will teach them how to say the sounds of the
letters (phonics). Just as you teach them to say/sing their ABCs, you will teach them the sounds those
letters make.

WHY PHONICS FIRST?


The benefits of teaching single and multi-letter phonograms (sounds) first rather than just the names/
ABCs are that your child will associate letters/words with their phonetic sounds from the start.
Instead of seeing letters and only recognizing the letter names, they will recognize the sounds those
letters make and so eventually – and more easily – learn spelling, writing, and reading skills.
Starting with phonics when teaching language arts is the opposite of the other popular way of teaching
reading, which is to teach sight words or whole-word recognition.
The problem with sight-reading is that the child will not always learn to spell well or at all. Reading new
words as an adult will often be difficult and pronunciation worse!
I ran into these issues myself as an adult. That is why I am passionate about giving my children a solid
foundation in phonics before teaching reading – which ironically, is teaching them to read well!

Practical Ways To Start Phonics At Any Age


Find a phonics/spelling/reading/language arts program that teaches phonics first – and teach yourself.
Remember, it is normal for children to be 8 and older before understanding all or any language arts
concepts.
Find a program that teaches via DVD or Audio so that you are hearing the phonetic sounds and can
teach them correctly. All About Learning Press has an app that teaches all of the phonograms, however,
not all of the pronunciation sounds correct (the consonants l and y are the two main ones that are not
phonetically correct sounding on the app).
Do this before starting any formal schooling with your child. I highly recommend that you learn phonics
when your oldest is still a toddler so that you are implementing those skills as soon as possible.
Even if your child is of school age, plan on starting the program yourself a little ahead of teaching your
child. Don’t worry, you should catch on quite quickly to the phonics basics and then can start teaching
your child as you continue learning.
Often, reading through the Teacher’s Manual, listening to an audio with all 70+ phonograms, or watching
a DVD lesson is all you need to get started. If you are starting with an older child (around age 8 or so),
then they can start the lessons with you.
Let them know mom is learning, too. It is never too late to learn phonics or teach phonics!
Side note: if you have a child who can already read, but cannot spell well, then teaching them basic
phonics is where you should start in order to improve their spelling skills. I did this with my oldest child
starting at around age seven.

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Take A Gentle Approach!
Though I mentioned that you should start teaching phonics around age two, I am not talking about
starting a rigid schedule or any seatwork that young!
I wait until at least age six before I get very serious, create a “school time” in our day, or require any
seatwork of my child at all. My current 6-year-old does around 15-minutes of seatwork each school day –
that’s it for all of her formal lessons!
Keeping my toddlers occupied during school hours while I am teaching my older kids may be called
“school time” in our home (for all of us), but it is really just educational play where they are practicing
pre-handwriting skills.
The phonics stage looks more like interacting, communicating, and exploring with your child in the early
years. It looks less like school and more like parenting.
Once you know the phonograms yourself, you can start introducing them to your child throughout the
day, every day.
Think of it in the same way you teach them manners or other life-skills – using any given moment or
opportunity to instruct them.
Don’t worry about implementing every example every day. Just do one or two and you will find that in
mere minutes a day, you are building a foundation that will benefit them for years to come.
Teach your child to speak clearly. Having them watch your mouth/tongue to learn pronunciation is helpful.
When you read to them, take a minute to point out a word in the story, and sound it out slowly to them.
When you drive, ask them if they know what the red sign says (stop sign) and help them sound it out.
Hang up an alphabet chart and instead of teaching them to say/sing their ABCs, recite the sounds.
Play phonics games with them.
When they ask you what something says, don’t just tell them. Help them sound out a couple of the
simplest words.
Choose educational toys that teach the correct phonograms.
Let them play with alphabet letters/blocks and take a minute to build a simple word (mom) with them
while sounding it out.
Teach phonograms when teaching letter formation/handwriting.
Help them discover the incredible world of words and ignite their desire to learn how to read!
Teaching phonics at home starts when your child is just a toddler and then continues for several years.
Eventually, your child will have mastered phonics instruction and it becomes second-nature to them as
they use it within all areas of language arts.

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BECOME MORE STRUCTURED
Around ages 4 to 6, sit down with your child for several minutes and use flashcards or resources from
your curriculum to go through all 70+ phonograms. Do this 2+ times per week.
You don’t have to do all 70+ phonograms every time. You can break it into vowels, consonants, single, or
multi-letter phonograms – whatever works best.
If your child seems to handle the lessons, then move forward with your curriculum plan.
Taking it slow and being sure your child is not getting burnt out is important, though.
Keep the seatwork and formal studies short & sweet. Do not expect your child to sit still or pay attention
for hours at a time, especially without frequent breaks (bathroom/water breaks are great ways to let them
stretch their legs every 15-minutes or so).
Some children will not be ready for formal lessons until age 8 or older. That’s okay!

PHONICS PROGRAMS THAT TEACH PHONICS FIRST


Keep in mind that curricula and resources are meant to be a tool for you as the parent-teacher and you
have control over how you use them. I rarely follow any program “by the book” and you don’t have to
either!
I have realized over the last several years that curriculum programs are great for ME to use to learn
about a subject and then I can use that information to teach my children through a lifestyle of learning. I
can use what I have learned as a resource to customize and create learning opportunities for my
children, but I do not necessarily need to use the curriculum as the publisher intended (except when it
comes to math, lol … someday I will feel more confident in my math skills, right? I can hope.).
It took me a few years of homeschooling before I felt confident enough in my teaching abilities to
transition to learning through real life rather than being tied to textbooks with a scope & sequence
designed by someone who does not know my family.
You can embrace a lifestyle of learning, too … it doesn’t have to happen overnight, but it can start now!
To teach language arts in the way I have explained above, you should choose a Spalding based
program, but be ready to adapt it to your family’s needs. Alternately, the Orton-Gillingham method may
be used with adaption as well.
The Phonics Road To Spelling and Reading was my first real exposure to the in-depth phonics-first
method and the teacher training DVDs were invaluable to me – I highly recommend it if you can afford it!
Spell To Write and Read is similar to The Phonics Road but is more affordable -the downside is that it
does not have DVD instruction – however, the complete set does include a CD with all of the
phonograms on audio. (this is what we are currently using) They do sell a DVD that demonstrates the
teaching method, but it is not great quality.

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Logic of English Foundations and Essentials are supposed to be based on the methods I recommend,
too. I have read some of their literature but have never used their curriculum.
A Beka Book is a pretty solid program and it’s what we first started using in our homeschool – it does not
go in-depth with phonograms, which I believe does the parent and child a disservice.
All About Reading is a program I have not personally used, but it is phonics-based, and I know many who
use it successfully, so I will include it.

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Chapter 4. All About Teaching
Spelling
Teaching spelling is the third component of language arts that we will address. Spelling is actually a
continuation of phonics instruction and incorporates handwriting practice.
Spelling should be taught very gently in the early years and as early as age three. No spelling tests
necessary! Formal studies need not start until age 8 or older!

ALL ABOUT TEACHING SPELLING FOR HOMESCHOOL MOMS


Here is a quick look at what spelling consists of when part of teaching language arts.
Definition of spelling:
noun
• the manner in which words are spelled; orthography.
• a group of letters representing a word.
Definition of orthography:
noun
• the art of writing words with the proper letters, according to accepted usage; correct spelling.
• the part of language study concerned with letters and spelling.
• a method of spelling, as by the use of an alphabet or other system of symbols; spelling.

SPELLING IN REAL LIFE


Spelling and reading are each one side of the same coin. Reading happens when you see a word and
then think/say it and spelling is when you think or say a word and are able to correctly spell it for others to
read.
About the time that your child has a general understanding of phonics and knows that letters create
words that can be spoken or written, spelling instruction has already begun.
Every time you help your child sound out a word that they want to read or write, you are teaching spelling
to them.
Teaching spelling is, therefore, teaching children that letters work together to create words and there is a
proper way to do this. Phonics is the key.

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Spelling is learning why words are written the way they are. It is not about memorizing how to write a
word for a test.
Spelling is about becoming confident in knowing and pronouncing new words. It unlocks the wonderful
world of reading and speaking well.
Spelling is internal to external. It is learning to think of the word and visualize it phonetically and then say/
write it.
Spelling is taking the phonograms learned during phonics instruction and putting them together to build
words. Combine with saying/writing the word and you discover the beautiful ability to communicate well!
Spelling rules teach us when and why to use the phonograms to build words.

HOW TO INTRODUCE SPELLING


A great language arts program will introduce spelling rules after phonics, but before reading. This doesn’t
mean that the child isn’t learning to read as a natural result of being taught phonics and spelling, but that
you are not putting an emphasis on reading instruction.
In other words, you are not putting words/books in front of them and telling them to sound out words for
reading practice. And you are not having them memorize words in order to “read” them back to you.
You are still in the stage of giving them words orally, walking them through sounding them out, and then
having them write them down (if they are ready for regular handwriting practice).
Phonics, handwriting, and spelling skills all work together seamlessly.
Some children will catch on super quick to phonics and spelling and realize that it leads to reading.
Everything just clicks, and they are picking up books on their own, sounding out words, and reading
within months.
Other children spend more time grasping each concept. Phonics, then handwriting and spelling, and then
reading.
It is normal for a child to be age 8+ before grasping all or any language arts concepts. Slow & steady is
best.
No matter when or how quickly your child starts reading, a continuation of phonics, handwriting, and
spelling instruction is needed. A solid foundation in those skills is important to learning future language
arts skills!
Choose a solid phonics and spelling first program for language arts and use it as a guide to teach your-
self.
Learn the spelling rules: when and why we spell words according to the American English language.
Start gently and then work at your child’s pace to know when to start formal spelling lessons.

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Instead of giving your child words to memorize throughout the week, teach them spelling rules in the
context of phonics and handwriting lessons.
Practice spelling rules by giving them words orally and asking them to say them back to you and spell
them out loud.
Help them work through sounding out words using phonograms and spelling rules whenever they ask
how to spell a word.
Use pre-handwriting activities as a way to practice spelling.
Teach them to hear the word, think about/visualize the word, say the word and sound it out, then write the
word.
Work from phonics/spelling to writing/reading. Internal to external.
Copywork is a great way to reinforce and practice all skills: phonics, handwriting, and spelling. It works
best when the child is watching you write the words using proper letter formation, sounding them out
phonetically, and referencing spelling rules while doing so.
Sit to the left of your child while giving examples so that they are looking left to right (in the direction they
will write/read). If teaching a room full of children, then stand at the chalkboard in front and to the left of
them.
Have fun ‘spelling bees’ where you give your child(ren) words to spell, or they give YOU words to spell.
Teaching phonics and spelling before reading may make you feel like your child is “behind” in reading
since your child isn’t memorizing words and picking up on reading right away. You may even wonder if
your child will ever ‘get it’.
Believe me, that ‘light bulb’ moment – where your child truly understands that phonics and spelling lead
to reading and communicating through the written word – is worth waiting for!

WHICH WAY IS BEST?


I have done it both ways. I have taught whole-word recognition/reading before giving in-depth instruction
in phonics and spelling.
To be honest, that child was reading chapter books by age six … but they could not spell, read out loud,
or write well — and as a result, could not communicate with the written word well which led to frustration
with handwriting and spelling lessons by age seven.
I stopped formal handwriting and reading lessons with that child and spent an entire year focusing on
phonics and spelling skills, all taught orally and visually because of their aversion to handwriting.
Guess what?! Their spelling improved drastically, and as a result, their pronunciation skills while reading
out loud improved greatly, too!

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Now I teach pre-handwriting skills, phonics, and spelling first without an emphasis on reading and by age
seven/eight, my children are not only reading fluently but also spelling & writing correctly!
It is okay if they take a little longer and do not master all of the phonograms, spelling, handwriting, and
reading skills until nine or ten. They are building a strong foundation in language arts and once it all
comes together, it is some of the key skills they need to learn anything they want to!
The best part is that they were allowed to go at their own pace, enjoy the process, see the results, and
grow their love of learning.

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Chapter 5. All About Teaching
Reading
Teaching reading is usually one of the first parts of language arts parents think about teaching to their
children. However, it actually comes in at “level four” in the grand scope of language arts as a whole.
We teach handwriting skills, phonics, and spelling before reading. Each skill builds on the last and all are
used throughout each level that follows.
Reading lessons may start informally around age four. As always, this is truly up to the discretion of you
and based on your child’s readiness. It is normal for children to be age 8 or older before grasping all or
any language arts concepts!

ALL ABOUT TEACHING READING FOR HOMESCHOOL MOMS


Definition of reading:
noun
• the skill of reading written material.

Teaching Reading In Real Life


Once you and your child have a solid grasp of phonics and have had an introduction to spelling rules
then you can begin formal reading instructions.
This is when the skills gained through phonics and spelling are used to sound out words and practice
reading them in sentences.
Reading is the desired outcome and expected result of learning/teaching phonics and spelling first.
In fact, you have already been teaching reading through phonics and spelling, but now you will be
dedicating time to reading practice in addition to, or alternately with, phonics/spelling lessons.
Remember that when you read to your child, you are taking the first step in teaching them not only how
to read, but to love reading. That is half the “battle” won.

How To Teach Reading At Home


Over the course of several years, implement the following:
Use a curriculum or guide that teaches reading through phonics and spelling.
Continue phonics and spelling instruction since this is the basis of their reading foundation.

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Choose early readers that use words you have been teaching through phonics/spelling, preferably
without pictures, so they can focus on reading skills without distraction.
Start sitting down with your child several times each week to let them practice reading to/with you.
Reinforce the phonics and spelling rules you have been teaching them as they read.
Daily practice is great at this stage, but if they are really struggling, then don’t force them to spend
minutes trying to sound out words only to become frustrated.
Take it as a hint to slow down on the actual reading and keep going on the phonics/spelling practice.
“Test” their reading skills every few days and once they seem to be taking off, start daily practice again.
Once they are reading smoothly and can read/pronounce almost every word they come to, then
encourage them to start reading on their own.
Expect them to read to themselves out loud or in a whisper. It may take a while before they can read to
themselves silently.
Continue spending time listening to them read several times a week until you feel they are fluently
reading.
Every few weeks, ask them to read out loud to you to assess their progress.
In order to “test” their reading comprehension, have them draw you a picture about the story they just
read or to narrate the story back to you. These are unplanned, gentle, and informal “book reports” that
work well for elementary grades.
Every few months, tell them to choose a short book to read to themselves and then narrate the story
back to you. This is a great way to encourage them to intentionally read the story and is a gentle
introduction to literature study.
Compare their surprise/expected “book reports” to each other and take a mental note. How they handle
each is a look at their unique learning style and an opportunity for you to customize their education!
Feed their love of reading by providing them with interesting, wholesome, and educational reading
materials they will love.
Remind them that learning to read unlocks the ability to learn about anything they want to know about!
Model the love of learning through books by reading yourself.

21 All About Teaching Language Arts For Homeschool Moms


Chapter 6. All About Teaching
Vocabulary
Teaching vocabulary at home can intentionally and gently be introduced around age five as a part of
language arts studies. As you learn about teaching vocabulary, keep in mind that vocabulary is learned
and taught first as part of everyday conversation.

ALL ABOUT TEACHING VOCABULARY FOR HOMESCHOOL MOMS


Definition of vocabulary:
noun
• the stock of words used by or known to a particular people or group of persons
• a list or collection of the words or phrases of a language, technical field, etc., usually arranged in
alphabetical order and defined
• the words of a language.

Teaching Vocabulary In Real Life


Teaching vocabulary at home means to expand our child’s usage and understanding of words.
The English dictionary is literally the vocabulary of our language. Therefore, teaching vocabulary and
how to use a dictionary go hand-in-hand.
As a parent you are teaching your child by example starting from their birth – this includes academics like
vocabulary.
Be intentional with your speech and usage of words.
Make it a habit to look up words in the dictionary if you are not sure of a meaning or pronunciation.
Read a variety of books to your children – classics are great for building vocabulary.
Read the King James Version Bible to yourself and your children to stretch your vocabulary.
Biblical Word Studies are a great way to do a Bible study and word study at the same time.
Start formal vocabulary lessons when your child is ready – this can be anywhere from age five to age
twelve!
Keep lessons short and sweet.
Teach them how to use the dictionary.

22 All About Teaching Language Arts For Homeschool Moms


Choose a language arts curriculum or program that will include vocabulary lessons.
Create your own vocabulary lessons – do this by looking up one word per day in the dictionary with your
child and discussing its meaning; assigning a word to your child for them to look up in the dictionary and
explain the meaning to you; or have them write the word, its part of speech, and meaning in a notebook.
Introduce vocabulary through Latin. We like watching Word Up! The Vocab Show as a fun way to do this.

Language Arts Programs That Teach Vocabulary


Remember to use curriculum as a tool to educate yourself ahead of your children and then implement
what you’ve learned with your children – especially with younger children.
Older children may be able to use the curriculum alongside you or independently if they have been
taught to embrace a lifestyle of learning and a love of learning.
The Phonics Road To Spelling & Reading – I used this with my oldest two, but it didn’t work for us to
continue when I needed to add a third child.
Spell To Write & Read – what we currently use with our children ages 6-11 for phonics, spelling, and
reading lessons and it includes a gentle introduction to vocabulary, grammar, literature, and writing.
IEW’s Fix-It! Grammar – what we currently use for formal vocabulary lessons starting around age 11.
American Dictionary of the English Language by Noah Webster, 1928 – great for Christian families!
Visual Latin – works as a great way to study the English language from the roots up.

23 All About Teaching Language Arts For Homeschool Moms


Chapter 7. All About Teaching
Grammar
Teaching grammar is a very important part of language arts instruction, but it is often dreaded by
homeschool moms. Usually, it is the endless amounts of diagramming that discourages us … though, I
loved diagramming in school myself (but, I never claimed to be normal).
I have discovered a wonderful way to teach grammar that takes just 15-minutes of formal lessons per
day. It works well with my preference of making academics an extension of everyday life!

ALL ABOUT TEACHING GRAMMAR FOR HOMESCHOOL MOMS


What exactly is grammar? Let’s find out!
Definition of grammar:
noun
• the study of the way the sentences of a language are constructed; morphology and syntax.
• these features or constructions themselves: English grammar.
• an account of these features; a set of rules accounting for these constructions: a grammar of
English.

Teaching Grammar In Real Life


I think grammar is one of the most complex parts of English language arts – there is a lot to it! While
some of the more basic components can be taught starting around age six during the early levels of
language arts and over the course of the elementary years, the more advanced study of grammar is best
suited for middle and high school ages.
Formal grammar lessons start around age 11 or 5th grade in our house — and I am still learning
grammar right now alongside my oldest! We use a textbook and I know I could not teach it effectively
without one.
Around 5th grade, we start with Easy Grammar Plus (Teacher Edition) and just do one page per day. It
takes two years to work through the huge book and is a gentle introduction that I appreciate. From that,
we move to IEW’s Fix-It Grammar starting in 6/7th grade with the plan to do one book per year through
high school.

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While I am learning grammar with my oldest, I am gently introducing concepts to my younger children
through a lifestyle of learning. This is not something I am thoroughly covering with them, but I teach what
I know when opportunities come up through our other lessons and in life.
We are on book 3 of IEW’s Fix-it! Grammar and really love it. It teaches grammar through editing – no
diagramming at all! It also reinforces previous language arts skills (phonics, spelling, vocabulary, and
handwriting) and is a gentle introduction to writing (as an art).
We have also learned that English grammar is learned through the study of Latin. We casually use Visual
Latin for Latin lessons right now.
Here are my tips & thoughts about learning & teaching grammar as a homeschool mom:
Teach grammar by example.
Mom needs to demonstrate a lifestyle of learning and that includes learning about grammar.
Your child(ren) will pick up grammar skills (or the lack thereof) through your speech and writing.
Practice makes better.
Teach yourself grammar using the Top 30 Grammar Mistakes: A Do-It-Yourself Homeschooling
Handbook — I am!
I do suggest reading teacher’s manuals and/or books on grammar, but I know that is not exactly fun
reading.
Reading and writing daily helps improve grammar skills.
Observing and thinking about how things are written and spoken takes some extra brain power but can
become a habit.
Communicating well is important and worth the effort.
Pay attention to the usage of words and punctuation in what you read.
Choose to learn and apply proper grammar to your speech and writing.
Study for yourself, ask others, and/or Google how to write something correctly.
Learn to correct grammar errors in your own speech/writing.
Correct your child’s grammar errors gently without belittling them.
I express caution and restraint in correcting others’ grammar because I know how aggressive I can be
over grammar errors and I know I shouldn’t be — just ask my husband, ahem.
Add Latin study into your life.
This is in general, but, I cannot stress enough how important it is for our children to see us learning
(anything), applying (everything), desiring (improvement), embracing (opportunities), accepting
(correction), AND enjoying the process!
25 All About Teaching Language Arts For Homeschool Moms
It is not about somehow being inferior to others with more knowledge or needing to impress others with
our intelligence, it is about loving to learn and always striving to excel in life.
It is about understanding why grammar is important in order to communicate well and wanting to learn/
teach it for that purpose. I hope that you have been inspired to learn and teach grammar!

26 All About Teaching Language Arts For Homeschool Moms


Chapter 8. All About Teaching
Literature
Teaching literature as part of a language arts curriculum in homeschool is about learning to study written
materials for the purpose of understanding why and how it was written so that you can expand your
depth of comprehension.
The study of literature should not be formally introduced until after the foundational components of
language arts have been well established (handwriting, phonics, spelling, reading, vocabulary, &
grammar). However, informal literature studies can start as early as seven when gently incorporated into
real life.

ALL ABOUT TEACHING LITERATURE FOR HOMESCHOOL MOMS


Definition of literature:
noun
• writings in which expression and form, in connection with ideas of permanent and universal
interest, are characteristic or essential features, as poetry, novels, history, biography, and essays.

Teaching Literature In Real Life


First of all, I highly recommend getting Teaching The Classics by Adam & Missy Andrews! It is Teacher
Training and so you can watch the DVDs & work through the lessons yourself, but older children can
watch with you or even participate in the lessons. I thoroughly enjoyed it and plan to go through it again
before my oldest enters high school.
Starting with your toddlers on your lap listening to short stories from a picture book, you are teaching
them about literature. You are introducing many types of written expression as you are reading to them:
poetry, prose, fiction, nonfiction, etc. and you should educate yourself on the different styles of writing.
Look up the most common types of literature and learn what they are.
Knowing how something was written and why the author wrote it that way helps the reader understand it.
Exposing your children to great works of literature from early on is the first step in teaching literature. You
can read out loud to your children long before they learn to read for themselves and so it should be that
you are choosing quality literature from the start.
Reading to your children regularly is so important.
Choosing well-written literature is important.

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Most children are able to enjoy and understand advanced literature that is read to them before they are
ready to read it for themselves, which means that they can benefit from books that are often targeted to
upper-level readers. As long as the material does not go against your morals and beliefs, then do not let
the ‘suggested age’ stop you from reading it to your children as soon as they are willing to sit and listen.
Children comprehend more than we might expect.
Let your morals, not age, dictate what you read to your children.
Your children may not be interested in the same genre that you are, but you may realize that you are
interested in theirs. Be sure to step out of your comfort zone, as far as genres are concerned, to find
books that are interesting to all involved.
Introduce your children to your favorite works of literature.
Explore genres with your children.
Encourage your children to ask questions about what you are reading (just be sure to teach them to
quietly raise their hand rather than interrupt you). And don’t be afraid to share your thoughts, ask
questions, and discuss the story with your children. This is the beginning of literature study.
Allow pauses for questions during read-aloud time.
Encourage discussion.

Literature Study Basics


Understanding grammar structure and literary terminology play a big part in literature study. These can
be taught throughout life in conversation with your child and within the context of learning/teaching
language arts in your homeschool.
The Phonics Road to Spelling & Reading/The Latin Road to English Grammar is my all-time favorite
language arts curriculum. It teaches every aspect of language arts in some capacity throughout its seven
levels and so introduces literature study in the first level.
I believe in using curricula as a tool, and so while I learned how to do a literature study from The Phonics
Road, I did not require my seven-year-old to take up that task in full. Some children may be ready at that
age, but we opted for an oral version rather than a written analysis.
I do suggest finding a whole-immersion language arts curriculum, but I encourage you to be confident in
using it to your (and your child’s) benefit rather than being bound by its scope & sequence. It is okay to
set parts of it aside and then come back to them later when your child is ready!
Some skills are more easily learned at older ages and are usually learned more quickly when the child is
actually ready. Anywhere from age eight to age thirteen may be a great time to start formal literature
study.

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A Lifestyle of Learning Literature
I think that formal and in-depth literature study lessons need not happen until middle school or even high
school. Since the point of studying literature is to help us comprehend written materials better, it is
naturally happening the more we are reading and writing already.
Literature study requires the child to have logic and critical thinking skills, as well as the ability to analyze
what the author intends to express through a written work, and then putting it all in their own words on
paper. That is an intimidating expectation for most adults, let alone kids!
Let your children enjoy literature, whether they are reading or writing it, for many years before making it
an assignment to be corrected.
If you are encouraging questions and discussion during your read-aloud time, inviting them to tell you
about what they are reading, sharing about what you are reading, and stocking your bookshelves with
the biographies of great authors … then you are already teaching them to study literature: to analyze it,
to learn about the person behind the work, and to consider how & why the author wrote it.
Your child’s ability to put their literature study down on paper is not quite as important as being able to
intelligently carry on in a conversation about a piece of literature. The more they read and discuss
literature, the easier it will be for them to learn to write well later.

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Chapter 9. All About Teaching
Writing
Teaching writing successfully begins with embracing a lifestyle of learning – making writing part of real
life – and waiting until your child is ready before starting writing instruction.
Starting formal lessons as early as eight and as late as thirteen (give or take a few years) is acceptable,
but this is just a suggested age-range because you know your child best and can gauge when they are
ready!

ALL ABOUT TEACHING WRITING FOR HOMESCHOOL MOMS


When you are teaching ‘writing’, what are you doing? Writing, as an academic subject, is not just the
physical act of putting letters on paper – it is the science of writing, the ability to coherently combine
words into sentences and paragraphs – and the art of writing, the ability to effectively & expressively
compose written material. That is what this chapter is about.
Definition of writing:
noun
• a literary composition or production.
• that which is written; characters or matter written with a pen or the like.
• such characters or matter with respect to style, kind, quality, etc.
Definition of composition:
noun
• the act of combining parts or elements to form a whole.
• the resulting state or product.

Teaching Writing In Real Life


Just as not all homeschool moms have an interest in writing – but all should learn to write well – not all
children will find joy in writing – but all should be taught how to write well.
So, the first step is for us homeschool moms to adjust the expectations we may have for our children.
If you are not a strong writer, you may be tempted to push your child in this subject thinking that it will
help them write better than you do. If you are a strong writer, you may be tempted to push your child
because you expect them to enjoy it, too.
30 All About Teaching Language Arts For Homeschool Moms
You May Need To Rethink Writing Lessons, Here Is Why …
Not everyone is interested in the art of writing, but everyone needs to know how to communicate through
the written word. So, your job is to teach the science of writing while gently encouraging an interest in the
art of writing to see where that leads.
Writing is similar to painting. Being able to communicate through writing is a learned science, but being
able to write fluently is a learned art.
Painting – as an expression of art – requires natural talent and a desire to dedicate time to learning how
to paint expressively. Learning how to technically put paint to paper and create a picture is also possible
through consistent practice, but it won’t be as meaningful.
Which artist will enjoy the process more and go on to choose painting as a means of expressing
themselves?
As much as I love writing, and desire my children to love writing, I do not feel that it is so important that I
force my children to write extensively if they’re not interested. The end goal is to have children who are
confident in writing – whether they plan to write for enjoyment, as a career, or only when necessary.

A Gentle Way To Teach Writing


Based on your child’s interest – or lack thereof – you may begin writing instruction. This means that some
children will be wanting guidance on how to write in elementary grades, while others will need to
be encouraged to learn writing in high school.
Keeping in line with our gentle yet thorough approach to teaching language arts at home, writing can be
taught to very young children in a relaxed manner through intentional parenting.
When you remove the unnecessary expectations placed on your child (whether by you or others) to be
writing book reports, research papers, personal essays, and fictional stories in elementary grades then
you are free to let them learn through living real life.
Teaching your children to love learning and embracing a lifestyle of learning with your children will be
more beneficial to them in the long-run than hours of seatwork ever will! I am proof of this.
I absolutely love learning, am a lifelong learner, and I have been mostly self-taught throughout my life. I
strongly believe that parents should be taught – and strive to learn – how to apply academics in real life
as we raise our children.
Real life learning does often include sitting down to read a book, spending time researching, dedicating
time to studying, and writing notes or papers. Therefore, textbooks, seatwork, and “school time” are part
of raising our children but should not take up the majority of our day.
As I have shared earlier in this book, I was teaching my oldest child extensive language arts at age four
and he was burnt out by age seven! So, I stopped all formal studies related to handwriting and writing.

31 All About Teaching Language Arts For Homeschool Moms


I let him develop the desire to write which has led to him choosing to write on his own. He is currently
thirteen and we still have not done any formal lessons on how to write, but he can write when he wants
to.
Based on my personal experience and the experience I have gained in the last thirteen years of
parenting-homeschooling multiple children, I have learned that teaching academics through parenting is
actually very effective. Yes, I do use curricula in our home, but I mostly use it to teach myself so that I can
teach my children.
Side note: at the risk of sounding crazy … I honestly believe that if a child was just allowed to live (a
healthy) life alongside their parents and didn’t start any formal academic studies until around age
thirteen, I think they would thrive, learn quickly, and be no worse for it – in fact, they may even be
healthier adults!
I have also learned that children/people will apply themselves and work at learning about something that
they are interested in. As homeschool moms, we have our job cut out for us but if we can simply instill a
love for learning in our children, we will have been successful as their “teachers” and they will “succeed”
in life as far as knowledge goes.

Writing Curriculum Is Not Wrong


All of that said, I plan to use IEW’s writing course with my children, starting with my oldest within the next
year. I will then will apply what I learn in teaching my younger children as the opportunities arise.
I look at it as providing him with the resources and tools he needs to advance his knowledge on the
science/art of writing so that he can continue pursuing his (other) interests more thoroughly. He has
learned that knowing how to communicate through writing is something that often comes up in real life
(and there you have it!).
He may never love writing or use it extensively in his adult life, but he will be capable. And that’s what
matters.

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Language Arts Resources For A Lifestyle Of Learning: Tools For Mom &
Child
TOOL HANDWRITING PHONICS SPELLING READING VOCABULARY GRAMMAR LITERATURE WRITING GENERAL

PRINT’N’
PRACTICE
YES YES YES YES NO NO NO NO NO
PHONICS
WORKSHEETS

ROD & STAFF


PRE-K WORK- YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
BOOKS

USBORNE
BOOKS &
MORE YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
DOODLING
BOOKS

A BEKA 123-
YES YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
ABC

CRAFTY
CLASSROOM YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
MAZE WRITER

THE PHONICS
ROAD TO
YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES
SPELLING &
READING

SPELL TO
WRITE & YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES YES
READ

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Language Arts Resources For A Lifestyle Of Learning: Tools For Mom &
Child
TOOL HANDWRITING PHONICS SPELLING READING VOCABULARY GRAMMAR LITERATURE WRITING GENERAL

HANDWRITING
WITHOUT YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO NO
TEARS

DRAW WRITE
YES NO NO NO NO NO NO NO YES
NOW

ALL ABOUT
LEARNING YES YES YES YES UNSURE UNSURE UNSURE UNSURE YES
PRESS

LOGIG OF
YES YES YES YES UNSURE UNSURE UNSURE UNSURE YES
ENGLISH

IEW’S FIX-IT
NO NO NO YES YES YES YES YES YES
GRAMMAR

WORD-UP THE
NO NO NO NO YES YES NO NO YES
VOCAB SHOW

KING JAMES
VERSION NO NO NO YES YES YES YES YES YES
HOLY BIBLE

34 All About Teaching Language Arts For Homeschool Moms


Language Arts Resources For A Lifestyle Of Learning: Tools For Mom &
Child
TOOL HANDWRITING PHONICS SPELLING READING VOCABULARY GRAMMAR LITERATURE WRITING GENERAL

AMERICAN
DICTIONARY
OF THE
ENGLISH NO YES YES YES YES YES NO NO YES
LANGUAGE
BY NOAH
WEBSTER

EASY
GRAMMAR NO NO NO YES NO YES NO NO YES
PLUS

VISUAL LATIN NO NO NO NO YES YES NO NO YES

TEACHING
THE NO NO NO NO NO NO YES NO YES
CLASSICS

IEW’S
WRITING NO NO NO YES YES YES YES YES YES
COURSE

35 All About Teaching Language Arts For Homeschool Moms


BEST PLACES TO BUY WHOLESOME BOOKS FOR CHILDREN
• Salem Ridge Press – I am not sure whether their website offers up-to-date information since I
first discovered them in 2013, but you can see their mission statement there. I order their
books republished by Salem Ridge Press from Amazon. We own several now.
• Lamplighter – They have very old classics and unique books republished for Christian
readers… we own just one of them so far. It is written in an Old English style.
• Bethlehem Books – A new discovery for me, but they are all about restoring wholesome &
classic books for children.
• YWAM Publishing – We add about 10 of their books to our collection each year that we
attend our local homeschool conference since they have amazing conference specials!
• Beautiful Feet Books – Living history books. We own several of their books and love them!
• Costco – Yes, Costco often carries classic literature for children! Especially during back -to-
school and the Christmas season. Since they change what they have quite often, you won’t
always find great books there, but it’s worth checking out!
• Amazon – If you know what you are looking for, then search Amazon for it. You can find used
books for super cheap, which is nice when searching for a hard-to-find or out-of-print classic!

OUR FAVORITE READ ALOUD BOOKS FOR CHILDREN PRE-K THROUGH


8TH-GRADE
These are books that uphold traditional roles and biblical values. My seven children range in age
from Pre-K through 8th-grade, so these books reflect that and are also books I enjoy reading to
them all.

As a large family, I think it is important that we find books that children of all ages AND
their parents can appreciate. Even though comprehension levels will vary based on age.

Choosing to enjoy short stories, novels, and books from a variety of genres should be encour-
aged. This starts with us as ‘mom’ and then we can teach this to our kids by example.

Note: I do not necessarily recommend every book by each author.

Little Golden Books – Our favorite of these include: Little Mommy, Daddies, and My Little Gold-
en Book About God.

Virginia Lee Burton – Our favorites are: The Little House, Mike Mulligan & His Steam Shovel.

Holling C. Holling Books – Delightful drawings and stories based on history.

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OUR FAVORITE READ ALOUD BOOKS FOR CHILDREN PRE-K THROUGH 8TH-GRADE
(CONTINUTED)
Thornton W. Burgess – These are nature-based and NOT Christian based, but are generally fi-
ne. With a little self-editing and/or discussion, I find them okay. My kids love them. We own sever-
al of the “The Adventures Of …” series about animals.

The Little House Books -I got my first set when I was 9-years-old. We have a new set and I read
through them about once a year to my kids. I like to read Farmer Boy first, as a stand -alone book,
and then read the rest as a series.

E.B. White Books – Charlotte’s Web, Stuart Little, and The Trumpet of the Swan are all books
I’ve owned since childhood and have now put them on the bookshelf for my kids. Charlotte’s
Web was always my favorite.

Imagination Station Series – These are books I discovered a few years ago. We like them a lot.
I think they are comparable to The Magic Treehouse series but are imagination-based instead of
magic. These are from Adventures in Odyssey/Focus on the Family. We have books 1 -15 so far.

The Chronicles of Narnia – I was introduced to this series by C.S. Lewis by my second-grade
teacher in public school and have loved them ever since. I had NO idea that they were meant to
be a Christian analogy until a few years ago … and to be honest, I don’t consider them to be so.

Mandie Books – Another series I have had since I was young. I only have books 1-6 and hope to
get more since there are a lot of books in the series. They are full of mystery and adventure.

Emma Leslie – Historical fiction for upper elementary and older. We really like them.

G.A. Henty Books – These are amazingly in-depth, long novels set in various time periods
throughout history. They really are incredible, but might not be everyone’s cup of tea.

37 All About Teaching Language Arts For Homeschool Moms


And let us not be weary in
well doing: for in due
season we shall reap, if we
faint not. Galatians 6:9

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Slow & Steady

Is Best

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The fear of the Lord is the
beginning of knowledge: but
fools despise wisdom and in-
struction. Proverbs 1:7

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Embrace A
Lifestyle Of
Learning

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Have not I commanded thee? Be
strong and of a good courage; be
not afraid, neither be thou
dismayed: for the Lord thy God
is with thee whithersoever thou
goest. Joshua 1:9

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Encourage A
Love Of
Learning

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For whatsoever things were
written aforetime were written
for our learning, that we
through patience and comfort of
the scriptures might have hope.
Romans 15:4

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About The Author
Clarissa is a Christian, Wife, Homeschool Mom to 7 Children with Medical &
Special Needs, Grieving Mom to 1 Child in Heaven, Homemaker, and Writer. You
can find her at www.ClarissaRWest.com sharing practical tips & encouraging
others to count blessings, seek joy, and find strength in Jesus.

45 All About Teaching Language Arts For Homeschool Moms

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