PERSONAL PRONOUNS.

VERB “TO BE”

SINGULAR AM = (first person singular)

I
YOU IS = (Male third person singular)
HE =(Female third person singular)
SHE =(Neutral third person singular)
IT
ARE = (First person plural)
PLURAL
WE = (Second person singular and plural)
YOU =(Third person plural)
THEY
THEY
THE

INDEFINITE ARTICLE:

A = (One) It is placed before CONSONANT SOUNDS

AN = (One) It is placed before VOWEL SOUNDS

“A” and “AN” are only used in singular sentences. They can never be used in plural
sentences.

EXAMPLES WITH SENTENCES:

Martina Hingis is A good tennis player

Shakira is AN interesting singer.
You are AN architect.
I am AN engineer
Tom is AN honest person
It is A university
We are intelligent doctors
They are important students

DEFINITE ARTICLE:

The definite article is the word “the”, which is used to express a noun without any specific
gender or number, it can be used either with singular or plural, or with male or female.

THE = El, La, Los, Las, etc

The car,
The bus,
The school,
The restaurant, etc.
THE COMPLEMENT PRONOUNS: Are those that are placed after the verb.

SUBJECT PRONOUNS COMPLEMENT PRONOUNS

I - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ME
YOU - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- YOU
HE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- HIM
SHE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - HER
IT - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -- IT
WE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - US
YOU - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - YOU
THEY - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- - THEM

FOR EXAMPLE:

 I am at the school with Mary.

 Mary is in the same classroom with ME

 Patricia is in class with Helen and Nancy.

 Patricia is in class with THEM.

 John is at the beach with Laura.

 John is at the beach with HER.

 Gabrielle is in the English class with Sara and me.

 Gabrielle is in the English class with US.

 I am in my house looking at the canary.

 I am listening to IT singing.

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES: Are those that express someone’s possessions

SUBJECT PRONOUNS POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

I MY
YOU YOUR
HE HIS
SHE HER
IT ITS

WE OUR
YOU YOUR
THEY THEIR

FOR EXAMPLE:

Gabrielle is in HER house now.

Tom is in HIS English class.
I am in MY house with MY family.
You are in YOUR bedroom.
We are in OUR University.
The children are in the park with THEIR toys.
The bird is in ITS birdhouse.
The animals in the zoo are in THEIR cages.
When it rains, all the people are in their houses.
 SENTENCES AND QUESTIONS

FORMING SENTENCES IN PRESENT TENSE WITH THE VERB “TO BE”

SUBJECT + VERB (TO BE) + ADVERB + COMPLEMENT.

EXAMPLE:

 Bob is hungry in class.

 Carol and Mary are always late for class
 Patricia is seldom at home
 I am usually proud of my works.

CHANGING SENTENCES TO QUESTIONS WITH THE VERB “TO BE”

Laura is a nice English student. (Sentence)

Is Laura a nice English student? (Question)

What was (subject + verb to be + complement) in a sentence, becomes now

(Verb to be + subject + complement) in a question.

 Mary is at home now

 Is Mary at home now?
 Yes, she is at home today
 No, she is not at home today

 Carol and George are at the beach today.

 Are Carol and George at the beach today?
 Yes, they are at the beach today
 No, they are not at the beach today.

 Patricia and I are in our English class

 Are you and Patricia in your English class?
 Yes, we are in our English class
 No, we are not in our English class

 I am an English student at the University

 Are you an English student at the university?
 Yes, I am an English student
 No, I am not an English student.

IS NOT = ISN’T, – ARE NOT = AREN’T, – AM NOT = AM NOT (NO CHANGE).

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 THE PRESENT TENSE WITH OTHER VERBS:

AUXILIARIES

I
YOU HE
DO = WE DOES = SHE
YOU IT
THEY

ONLY when a verb is in third person singular you should add an “S” or “ES”,
depending on the structure of the verb.

RULES TO ADD “S” OR “ES” TO THE VERB.

All the verbs when they are in third person singular must use an “S”, but sometimes,
they use “ES”.

All the verbs that end in sibilant sound we have to add “ES”. It means that all the
verbs that end in: “S, SS, X, SH, CH” must need “ES”

FOR EXAMPLE:

PRESS = PRESSES CRASH = CRASHES

DRESS = DRESSES FIX = FIXES
MISS = MISSES MIX = MIXES
STRESS = STRESSES CATCH = CATCHES
FISH = FISHES MATCH = MATCHES
WASH = WASHES APPROACH = APPROACHES
PUSH = PUSHES

There are other verbs that can use the “ES” in third person singular. They are those
that end in “Y” proceeded by a consonant, they change the “Y” for “I” and then add “ES”,
and the verbs that end in “O”.

FOR EXAMPLE:

APPLY = APPLIES DO = DOES

SUPPLY = SUPPLIES GO = GOES
CRY = CRIES
STUDY = STUDIES

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 USING THE AUXILIARIES “DO” AND “DOES” TO MAKE QUESTIONS

Every time that you use the auxiliary “DOES”, the verb used must be in the simple
form.

 Does Mary study English at the language institute?

Yes, she STUDIES English at the language institute.
No, she doesn’t study English at the language institute.

If the verb is in other tense, which is not the third person singular, you have to use the
auxiliary “DO” and you don’t use “S”.

 Do the children play baseball at the park every weekend?

Yes, they PLAY baseball at the park every weekend.
No, they don’t play baseball at the park every weekend.

NOTE: The words “DO and DOES”, perform two different functions in the English grammar.
First, they work as verbs and the have a meaning which is “hacer”, but they also play another
function which is to be auxiliaries, and they don’t have meaning, they just help to form
questions and to answer them.

POSITION OF THE ADVERBS IN THE SENTENCES IN PRESENT TENSE

1) AFTER THE VERB “TO BE”

SUBJECT + VERB (TO BE) + ADVERB + COMPLEMENT.

EXAMPLE:

Bob is sometimes hungry in class.

Carol and Mary are always late for class on Monday.
Patricia is seldom at home on weekends.
I am usually proud of my works.

NOTE: In this case the adverb is always after the verb “to be”.

2) BEFORE ANY OTHER VERB.

SUBJECT + ADVERB + ANY OTHER VERB + COMPLEMENT.

EXAMPLE:
Betty always listens to music in her bedroom.
Sara never did her homework in class.
Laura sometimes came to class late last year.
George often likes to play baseball with her friend.

NOTE: In this group the adverb goes after the subject and is before the verb. Notice that in
this group we can not use the verb “to be”.

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 THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE OR PRESENT CONTINUOUS.

The present progressive or continuous is an action, which is being done in this

moment, this month or this year etc. It is form with the verb to be plus another verb with the
“ING” form.
SUBJECT + VERB TO BE + VERB + ING + COMPLEMENT
EXAMPLE:

Jacqueline is writing an English report now.

I am listening to Shakira’s songs now
Patricia and Henry are talking about the Math test now?
Martina Hingis is playing tennis now.
Cristina Dickman is modeling right now.

1) There are certain rules we have to follow to form the gerund of the verbs.
a) Every time that you have “E” at the end of a word you remove the “E” and add the
“ING” form.
DRIVE = DRIVING
WRITE = WRITING

b) Every time that a verb ends in “ CONSONANT – VOWEL – CONSONANT ”, you have to
double the last consonant.
STOP = STOPPING
LET = LETTING
HIT = HITTING

c) IF the verb ends in “Y”, you have to add the “ING” structure immediately.
CRY = CRYING
BUY = BUYING
STUDY = STUDYING

d) Some verbs like: Lie = Mentir, Die = Morir, Tie = Amarrrar, Vie = Competir, rivalizar.
LIE = LYING
DIE = DYING
TIE = TYING
VIE = VYING

FORMING QUESTIONS USING THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

VERB TO BE + SUBJECT + VERB + ING + COMPLEMENT?

EXAMPLE:

Is Jacqueline writing an English report now?

Are you listening to Shakira’s songs now?

Are Patricia and Henry talking about the Math test now?

Is Martina Hingis playing tennis now?

Is Cristina Dieckmann modeling right now?

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 SIMPLE PAST TENSE WITH THE VERB “TO BE”

SUBJECT + VERB TO BE + COMPLEMENT

WAS
WERE

SIMPLE PAST TENSE WITH THE VERB “TO BE”

PERSONAL VERB TO BE VERB TO BE

PRONOUNS IN PRESENT IN PAST
I ------------------ AM --------------- WAS
YOU ------------------ ARE --------------- WERE
HE ------------------ IS --------------- WAS
SHE ------------------ IS --------------- WAS
IT ------------------ IS --------------- WAS
WE ------------------ ARE --------------- WERE
YOU ------------------ ARE --------------- WERE
THEY - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ARE --------------- WERE

FORMING SENTENCES AND QUESTIONS IN PAST TENSE WITH THE VERB TO BE

EXAMPLES:

1. I was a good student last year.

Were you a good student last year?

2. Helen was my friend last year.

Was Helen your friend last year?

3. Caroline and I were at the school this morning

Were you and Caroline at the school this morning?

4. Peter and Helen were excellent students last year.

Were Peter and Helen excellent students last year?

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 FORMING THE PAST TENSE WITH THE AUXILIARY “DID”

In the past tense, we find two kind of verb tenses which are: regular verbs; which are
those that we just add “D” or “ED” at the end of the verb to form the past. And the irregular
verbs in which we have to change sometimes the entire structure of the verb to form the past
tense, and in some other cases the present tense is alike the past tense.

FIRST WE ARE GOING TO STUDY THE REGULAR VERB THAT END IN “ED”.

EXAMPLE:

1) Verbs that we just add “D”: are those verbs that end in “E”:

For example: Dance Danced

Practice Practiced
Love Loved
Hate Hated. Etc.

2) Verbs that end in “Y” preceded by a consonant change that letter for “I” and then
add “ED”

For example: Study Studied

Cry Cried
Try Tried

3) All the other regular verbs add “ED”

For example: Work Worked

Want Wanted
Play Played
Pray Prayed

NOW WE ARE GOING TO STUDY THE IRREGULAR VERBS

Sometimes, the verbs in past tense change the whole structure of the word to form
the past tense, and other times it keeps the original form of the verb in present tense.

1) Verbs that keep the same writing in present and past tense.

For example: Hit Hit

Cut Cut
Put Put
Read Read

2) Verbs that change the whole writing to form the past tense.

For example:
Buy Bought
Write Wrote
Do Did
Know Knew

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THE AUXILIARY IN THE PAST TENSE IS “DID” AND IT GOES WITH ALL THE PERSONS IN

SINGULAR PLURAL.

I WE
YOU YOU
DID HE THEY
SHE THEY
IT THEY

SENTENCE:

SUBJECT + VERB IN PAST TENSE + COM

QUESTION:

DID + SUBJECT + VERB IN THE SIMPLE FORM + COMPLEMENT?

FOR EXAMPLE:
1) I won the big prize of New York’s lottery last year.
DID YOU WIN THE BIG PRIZE OF NEW YORK LOTTERY LAST YEAR?

2) My dog hid the bone that I gave him in the yard of my house.
DID YOUR DOG HIDE THE BONE THAT YOU GIVE HIM IN THE YARD OF
YOUR HOUSE?

3) The babies learned to walk before their first year.

DID THE BABIES LEARN TO WALK BEFORE THEIR FIRST YEAR?

Every time that we use the auxiliary “DID” the verb will be placed in the simple form
either if the sentence is a question or is in negative, but if the auxiliary “DID” is not in the
sentence you should place the verb in past tense.

PAST PROGRESSIVE
In the past progressive the structure of the verb and the structure of the sentence is
the same, but what change in the past progressive is the “VERB TO BE”

AM WAS
ARE WERE
IS WAS

FOR EXAMPLE:

1) Mary IS listening to music now.

Mary WAS listening to music yesterday

2) The kids are playing baseball at the park now.

The kids were playing baseball at the park last weekend.

3) I am eating a big arepa with caraota right now.

I was eating a big arepa with caraota yesterday morning.
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 FUTURE TENSE

FORMING SENTENCES

SUBJECT + WILL + A VERB IN THE SIMPLE FORM + COMPLEMENT.

FORMING QUESTIONS

WILL + SUBJECT + A VERB IN THE SIMPLE FORM + COMPLEMENT.

EXAMPLES:

1. I will hit you next time you hit me.

2. WILL YOU HIT ME NEXT TIME I HIT YOU?

3. Juan Pablo Montoya will win the Austria’s racing prize next week.
4. WILL JUAN PABLO MONTOYA WIN THE AUSTRIA’S RACING PRIZE NEXT WEEK?

5. The mother’s day will be next Sunday.

6. WILL THE MOTHER’S DAY BE NEXT SUNDAY?

7. Martina Hingis will be able to beat Venus Williams at the “Roland Garros”?
8. WILL MARTINA HINGIS BE ABLE TO BEAT VENUS WILLIAMS AT THE “ROLAND GARROS”?

1. SUBJECT + MODAL + ADVERB OF FREQUENCY + VERB + COMPLEMENT.

(WILL)

EXAMPLE:

 Mary will never visit her boyfriend on Sundays.

 Susan should always be on time for her classes.

 Tim will sometimes go to the dentist.

 Danielle could always visit her grandparents.

NOTE: In this group we use a modal auxiliary verb (WILL) followed by an adverb and a verb.

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TIME CLAUSES:

1ST TYPE: FUTURE or PRESENT PRESENT.

WHEN
BEFORE
1) SUBJ. + VERB IN FUTURE or + COMP + AFTER + SUBJ. + VERB IN PRESENT + COMP.
PRESENT TENSE AS SOON AS
UNTIL

2) SUBJ. + VERB IN + COMP + WHILE + S + VERB IN + COMP.

PRESENT TENSE or PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

FOR EXAMPLE:

 Mary always goes to bed as soon as she takes a shower.

 As soon as Mary takes a shower, she always goes to bed.

 Caroline will buy a new house when she gets a better job.
 When Caroline gets a better job, she will buy a new house

 Patricia always studies English while we are playing baseball.

 While we are playing baseball, Patricia always studies English.

 Do you sometimes write your exercises on your book when you don’t bring the notebook?

 Will Patricia have a nice vacation while her sons are traveling with her husband?

 Do you come to class late while your father is driving the car?

 Does Patricia do her homework before she understands the new lesson?

 Will you be studying English until the teacher comes to class?

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THINK AND BELIEVE:

When we use “THINK or BELIEVE” to express and opinion or a statement, we need to

use the relative pronoun “THAT”.

For example:

 I think that Martina Hingis should improve her game a little more.
 I believe that Martina Hingis should improve her game a little more.

 Mary thought that all the things that you said about her were false.
 Mary believed that all the things that you said about her were false.

There are other ways to use think and believe:

We use “think” when we talk about a plan that we have in our minds.

FOR EXAMPLE:

I think about going to the beach next weekend.

Mary thinks of buying anew car when she gets the raise.

Laura is thinking about traveling to Europe on her next vacation.

Patricia thought about her boyfriend last night.

Bob thought of Cristina all day yesterday.

NOTE: “Think of and Think about” both have the same meaning.

We use “believe” when we trust someone or something strongly.

FOR EXAMPLE:

I believe you when you talk to me.

Helen believed in her husband when he got home late last night

Michelle believed me when I told her the truth.

People must believe in god because he is the only one who can save us.

All the children always believe in their parents

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MASS NOUNS AND COUNT NOUNS

MASS NOUNS, NON-COUNT NOUNS, OR UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS: Are those nouns that we
can not count numerically due to they are nouns of mass and they can not be taken as a
unity.

FOR EXAMPLE:

Water Milk Honey Money Time Flour

Beer Coffee Soup Ice-Cream Juice Cake
Tea Ice Rice Sugar Ham Cheese
Air Dust Noise Syrup Light Soda

COUNT NOUNS OR COUNTABLE NOUNS: Are those nouns that we can count because they
can be taken as a unity so we can count them numerically.

FOR EXAMPLE:

MAN WOMAN SANDWICH SLICE BILL

COIN BOTTLE GLASS DISH PIECE
JAR CUP KILOGRAM LIGHT BULB
PACKAGE
HAMBURGER APPLE ORANGE HOT DOG CD
RADIO DESK CHAIR BOWL GROUP

When we use count nouns, we can count them with numbers, but when we use
non-count nouns we have to use some expressions or word that can be helpful for count
nouns too.

MUCH: It is used with non-count nouns to express a large quantity of something. It is used
in interrogative and negative sentences most of the time.

For example: Do you drink much coffee in the morning?

MANY: It is used with count nouns in plural to express a large amount of some things. It is
used in negative sentences and interrogative sentences.

For example: Do you know many people at the school?

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A LOT OF: It is used either with non-count nouns or count nouns (Plural) to express a large
quantity of something or some things. It is only used in affirmative sentences.

For example: Yes, I drink a lot of coffee in the morning.

Yes, I know a lot of people at the school.

SOME: It is used either with non-count nouns or count nouns to express a medium quantity
of something or some things. It is used in interrogative sentences and affirmative sentences.

For example: Do you drink some milk at night?

Yes, I drink some milk at night.

Does she have some friends at the university?

Yes, she has some friends at the university.

ANY: It is used either with non-count nouns or count nouns to express a medium quantity of
something or some things when it is used in interrogative sentences, but when it is used with
negative sentences it means nothing.

For example: Do you have any money in your pocket?

No, I don’t have any money in my pocket.

Do you eat any sandwiches at night?

No, I don’t eat any sandwiches at night.

NOTE: we can also use two more words to express quantity with non-count or count nouns.

A FEW: It is used only with count nouns to express a small amount of some things. It can be
used either in affirmative, negative or interrogative sentences.

For example: Do you know a few people at the school?

Yes, I know a few people at the school because I am new there.
No, I don’t a few people,

A LITTLE: It is used only with non-count nouns to express a small quantity of something. It
can be used in affirmative, negative or interrogative sentences.

For example: Does your sister drink a little water at night?

Yes, she drinks a little water at night because she is always thirsty.
No, she doesn’t drink a little water at night, but She drinks a little milk.

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MEASURING EXPRESSIONS.

The measuring expressions are very useful when we talk about: length, depth, height,
width, or any quantity. These expressions can be used with either with the auxiliary verb “to
be” or any other auxiliary.

AUXILIARY VERB TO BE:

How long
How deep
How wide
How tall
How high
How thick + verb “to be” + subject + complement ?
How heavy AM, IS, ARE
How far WAS, WERE
How often
How fast

EXAMPLES:

 Patricia was 1.60 meters tall last year

 How tall was Patricia last year?

 Choroni is 52 kilometers far from Maracay.

 How far is Choroni from Maracay?

 That piece of wood is 2 centimeters thick

 How thick is that piece of wood?

 Mary has almost always been late for class

 How often has Mary been late for class?

 That river has been 40 meters deep for the last ten years
 How deep has that river been for the last ten years?

 That highway was 200 kilometers long two years ago

 How long was that highway two years ago?

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OTHER AUXILIARIES:

How long
How deep
How wide
How tall
How high + Auxiliary + subject + Verb + complement ?
How thick Will depend
How heavy Do on the
How far Does auxiliary
How often Did
How fast

EXAMPLES:

 Patricia drives her car to school at 200 kilometers an hour

 How fast does Patricia drive her car to school?

 Gabrielle lives 10 kilometers far from the city

 How far does Gabrielle live from school?

 That crew will build a building 30 meters high soon.

 How high will that crew build a building soon?

 That company always makes the roads 10 meters wide.

 How wide does that company always make the roads?

 Daniel is driving that car at 180 kilometers an hour now.

 How fast is Daniel driving that car now?

 Laura fixed a cake 2 kilograms heavy this morning

 How heavy did Laura fix a cake?

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COUNT AND NON-COUNT NOUNS (mass nouns).

NON-COUNT NOUNS or MASS NOUNS: Are those nouns that we can not count or measure.

For example:

Coffee Money Cheese Meat Butter

Sugar Time Milk Rice Paint
Beer Flour Chocolate Oil Dust
Water Ham Juice salt Air

COUNT NOUNS: Are those nouns that we can count or measure.

For example:

Cups Bills Bars Packages

Kilograms Coins Boxes Barrels
Kilometers Hours Liters Bags
Bottles Seconds Pieces Cans
Glasses Years Jars Slices

NOTE: When we use mass nouns we need to use expressions like:

A LOT OF = Is used with affirmative sentences

MUCH = Is used with interrogative, negative and affirmative sentences.
SOME = Is used with affirmative sentences and questions
ANY = Is used with negative and questions
A LITTLE = Is used when the quantity is very small.

NOTE: When we use count nouns we can use any quantity of numbers or we can use the
following expressions.

A LOT OF = Is used with affirmative sentences

MANY = Is used with interrogative, negative and affirmative sentences.
SOME = Is used with affirmative sentences and questions
ANY = Is used with negative and questions
A FEW = Is used when the quantity is very small.

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OTHER INTERROGATIVE WORDS.

How much
+ Noun + verb “to be” + subject + complement ?
How many AM, IS, ARE
WAS, WERE

For Example:

 There is a lot of sugar in my coffee.

 How much sugar was there in your coffee?

 There are a lot of students absent for class today.

 How many students are there absent for class today?

 There was a lot of dust in our classroom last month.

 How much dust was there in your classroom last month?

 There were 20 students in our English class last night.

 How many students were there in your English class last night?

OTHER INTERROGATIVE WORDS WITH AUXILIARIES.

How much
+ Noun + Auxiliary + subject + Verb + complement?
How many Will (depend on the
Do auxiliary)
Does
Did

For Example:

 Mary always eats a lot of bread for breakfast.

 How much bread does Mary always eat for breakfast?

 Nathalie drank two glasses of milk for dinner last night.

 How much milk did Nathalie drink for dinner last night?
 How many glasses of milk did Nathalie drink for dinner last night?

 She will earn a lot of money with her new job.

 How much money will she earn with her new job?

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 INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS GUIDE.

VERB STRUCTURE: The structure of the verb can be either plus a noun or noun phrase or an
infinitive.

GROUP 1: The structure of these verbs is the following

Deserve*
Hope*
Plan*
Want*
Forget
Subject + Agree + a noun or noun phrase.
Try
Offer
Remember
Threaten
Learn

The words that have (*) can express future ideas without using the auxiliary word “will”

Deserve*
Hope*
Plan*
Want*
Forget
Subject + Agree + To + Verb + Complement.
Try
Offer
Remember
Threaten
Learn

Examples:
 I hope to pass this exam tomorrow.
 She deserves a good salary because she has worked very hard.
 Patricia plans to take a long vacation next year.
 They have learned English since she was in kindergarten.
 Gina will remember the dialogue in class next time.
 I want to study in the United States next year.

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GROUP 2: The structure of these verbs is subject plus verb, plus name or complement
pronoun, plus an infinitive.

Make
Advise
Warn
Invite
Subject + Remind + Name or + To + Verb + Complement.
Teach Complement
Tell Pronoun
Allow
Help
Get

Examples:

I made him to do his homework yesterday.

She advised me to buy that new car.

He always reminds her to fix lunch on time.

They have helped me to fix my car.

I always teach her to write her name in English.

They didn’t allow him to come in because he was late.

Patricia warned me not to touch it because it was hot.

The teacher always advises me not to write the desks of the classroom.

Mary has invited me to have dinner with her every weekend this month.

Loraine reminded me not to come to class late any more.

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GROUP 3:These group of verbs have two different structures that have different meanings.

STRUCTURE 1:

Ask
Expect
Subject + Want + To + Verb + Complement.
Beg
Wish
Promise

Examples:

 Mary expects to do the homework day after tomorrow.

 Patricia asked to say the dialog in class yesterday.
 Susan wants to speak English in class now.
 Bob begged to drive the car tonight.
 Laura wishes to have a happy vacation this year.
 Sara promised to bring the cake for the party very quickly.

STRUCTURE 2:

Ask
Expect
Subject + Want + Name or + To + Verb + Complement.
Beg Pronoun
Wish
Promise

Examples:

 Mary expects me to do the homework day after tomorrow.

 Patricia asked Jenny to say the dialog in class yesterday.
 Susan wants Carol to speak English in class now.
 Bob begged his brother to drive the car tonight.
 Laura wishes her mother to have a happy vacation this year
 Sara promised her sister to bring the cake for the party very quickly.

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GROUP 4: In this group all the verbs are followed by a gerund.

Enjoy
Miss
Keep
Finish
Admit
Avoid
Appreciate
Subject + Quit + Verb + Ing + Complement.
Practice
Postpone
Suggest
Mind
Deny
Stop*

Examples:

 I enjoy having a good time all the time.

 Mary finished doing the homework yesterday.

 Patricia quit working in that stinky restaurant

 Women dislike ironing the clothes all the time.

 She doesn’t mind working in that hotel.

 He kept drinking whiskey, as he weren’t sick

 She continued working in that old factory in spite of the advice.

NOTE: The verb “ STOP* ” has two different structures and meaning.

Example:

 Patricia stopped drinking water. ( she is not drinking water any more )

 Patricia stopped to drink water. ( Purpose to drink water because she was thirsty )

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GROUP 5: This group of verbs can use any of these two structures using the same meaning.

Like
Begin
Start
Subject + Love + To + Verb + Complement
Hate
Prefer
Dislike

Like
Begin
Start
Subject + Love + Verb + Ing + Complemenmt.
Hate
Prefer
Dislike

Example:

 We begin to eat at 6 o’clock.

 We begin eating at 6 o’clock

 The children like to play baseball on weekend.

 The children like playing baseball on weekend.

 Sara loves to cook while her mother is downtown.

 Sara loves cooking while her mother is downtown.

 Women hate to iron the clothes on weekend.

 Women hate ironing the clothes on weekend.

 The children prefer to watch T. V. on Sunday morning.

 The children prefer watching T. V. on Sunday morning.

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 “ IF CLAUSES ”

There is a special structure in English to express the idea of doing something under
certain condition of two sentences. The word “IF” is always present in this conditional
situation and the two sentences should keep a pattern of tense relationship. There are
“THREE” types of conditionals.

FIRST TYPE:

Structure of the first type:

Will
Can a a
S + Should + Verb in + Comp + IF + S + Verb in + Comp.
Must base form present
May tense

Examples:

 You can pay by check IF you don’t have cash in this moment.

 Patricia will go to the movies IF she finishes the homework on time.

 Martina will win the game IF she plays as she always does.

 I won’t pay the rent IF I don’t get a job soon

NOTE: You can also place the “ IF clause ” at the beginning of the sentence but you have to
use a comma after the “ IF clause ” and before the main clause.

Examples:

 IF you don’t have cash in this moment, You can pay by check.

 IF Patricia finishes her homework on time, She will go to the movies.

 IF she plays as she always does, Martina will win the game.

 IF I don’t get a job soon, I won’t pay the rent.

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