Professional Documents
Culture Documents
FOR PLANTING
MATERIAL OF
HORTICULTURAL
1. FRUITS
Mango (Mangirfera indica L.)
a. Root stock
A minimum of one inspection shall be made before grafting
when the rootstock has attained graftable stage
b. Mother Plant/Scion
c. Grafted Clones
B. Specific Requirements
a. Foundation Clones
1. Foundation clones being a group of common ancestry shall be
genetically pure in Absolute terms. Off types should be discarded
under the supervision of Certification Agency.
2. The plants should be free from malformation, anthracnose and
dieback.
b. Certified Class
Factor Maximum permitted (%)*
Certified
Off type 0.10
Plants infected with malformation 0.20
or anthracnose
Plants infected with dieback None
* Standards for off types shall be met at final inspection.
V. Clone Specifications
The specifications in respect of size of clones for foundation and
certified classes shall be as follows:
1. the diameter of the stock should range from 1.0-1.25 cm
2. The height of the grafting should range from 15-25 cm
3. The diameter of the grafts at 10 cm above the graft union should
range from 1.25-1.5 cm and height of the graft 60-100 cm.
4. Height of the plant should be 25-40 cm in case of
5. The grafted clones should be free from suckers.
6. In the clone lot, clones not conforming to specified size shall not
exceed 5.0% (by number)
VI. Clone Standards
B. Specific Requirements
a. Foundation Clones
1. Foundation clones being a group of common ancestry shall be
genetically pure in Absolute terms. Off types should be discarded
under the supervision of Certification Agency.
2. The plants should be free from malformation, anthracnose and
dieback.
b. Certified Class
Factor Maximum permitted (%)*
Certified
Off type 0.10
Plants infected with dieback None
* Standards for off types shall be met at final inspection.
V. Clone Specifications
The specifications in respect of size of clones for foundation and
certified classes shall be as follows:
1. The diameter of the stock should range from 0.6-1.00 cm
2. The height of the grafting should range from 15-20 cm
3. The diameter of the grafts at 10 cm above the graft union should
range from 1.0-1.25 cm and height of the Budd 30-50cm.
4. The Budded clones should be free from suckers.
5. In the clone lot, clones not conforming to specified size shall not
exceed 5.0% (by number)
VI. Clone Standards
B. Specific Requirements
a. Foundation Clones
1. Foundation clones being a group of common ancestry shall be
genetically pure in absolute terms. Off types should be discarded
under the supervision of Certification Agency.
2. The plants should be free from viruses.
b. Certified Class
Factor Maximum permitted (%)*
Certified
Off type 0.10
Plants infected with dieback None
* Standards for off types shall be met at final inspection.
V. Clone Specifications
The specifications in respect of size of clones for foundation and
certified classes shall be as follows:
1. The diameter of the stock should range from 0.6-1.00 cm
2. The height of the grafting should range from 15-20 cm
3. The diameter of the grafts at 10 cm above the graft union should
range from 1.0-1.25 cm and height of the Budd 30-50cm.
4. The Budded clones should be free from suckers.
5. In the clone lot, clones not conforming to specified size shall not
exceed 5.0% (by number)
VI. Clone Standards
B. Specific Requirements
a. Foundation Clones
1. Foundation clones being a group of common ancestry shall be
genetically pure in absolute terms. Off types should be discarded
under the supervision of Certification Agency.
2. The plants should be free from viruses, canker and greening.
b. Certified Class
Factor Maximum permitted (%)*
Certified
Off type 0.10
Plants infected with dieback None
* Standards for off types shall be met at final inspection.
V. Clone Specifications
The specifications in respect of size of clones for foundation and
certified classes shall be as follows:
1. The diameter of the stock should range from 0.6-1.00 cm and
height of the clone 20-40 cm
2. In the clone lot, clones not conforming to specified size shall not
exceed 5.0% (by number)
VI. Clone Standards
B. Specific Requirements
a. Foundation Clones
1. Foundation clones being a group of common ancestry shall be
genetically pure in absolute terms. Off types should be discarded
under the supervision of Certification Agency.
2. The plants should be free from viruses and canker.
b. Certified Class
Factor Maximum permitted (%)*
Certified
Off type 0.10
Plants infected with dieback None
* Standards for off types shall be met at final inspection.
V. Clone Specifications
The specifications in respect of size of clones for foundation and
certified classes shall be as follows:
1. The diameter of the clone at 10 cm above the ground level should
range from 1.0-1.25 cm and height of the Budd 25-40cm.
2. In the clone lot, clones not conforming to specified size shall not
exceed 5.0% (by number)
VI. Clone Standards
B. Specific Requirements
a. Foundation Clones
1. Foundation clones being a group of common ancestry shall be
genetically pure in absolute terms. Off types should be discarded
under the supervision of Certification Agency.
b. Certified Class
Factor Maximum permitted (%)*
Certified
Off type 0.10
Plants infected with dieback None
* Standards for off types shall be met at final inspection.
V. Clone Specifications
The specifications in respect of size of clones for foundation and
certified classes shall be as follows:
1. The diameter of the stock should range from 0.75-1.00 cm
2. The height of the grafting should range from 10-15 cm
3. The diameter of the grafts at 10 cm above the graft union and self
rooted plants at 10 cm above ground level should range from 1-
1.25 cm and height 50-75 cm.
4. The grafted clone should be free from suckers.
5. In the clone lot, clones not conforming to specified size shall not
exceed 5.0% (by number)
VI. Clone Standards
b. Mother Plant/Scion
Mother Plant should be healthy, true to type and free from
diseases and pests. The trees should be certified for the desirable
characters by the Certifying Agency and a certificate to this effect
shall be given to the nurseries. A minimum of one inspection shall
be made at the time of fruit maturity for health and fruit quality of
the mother tree.
c. Grafted / Budded Clones
A minimum of one inspection shall be made before the sale of the
clones after attaining the specified size to verify relevant factors.
IV. Field Standards
A. General Requirements
1. Isolation: The clone propagation plots of apple shall be isolated
from the contaminants as shown in the following table.
B. Specific Requirements
a. Foundation Clones
1. Foundation clones being a group of common ancestry shall be
genetically pure in absolute terms. Off types should be discarded
under the supervision of Certification Agency.
2. The plants should be free from woolly aphis, collar rot, rubbery
wood and sanjose scale.
b. Certified Class
Factor Maximum permitted (%)*
Certified
Off type 0.10
Plants infected with woolly None
aphis, collar rot, rubbery
wood or sanjose scale
* Standards for off types shall be met at final inspection.
V. Clone Specifications
The specifications in respect of size of clones for foundation and
certified classes shall be as follows:
1. The diameter of the stock should range from 0.6-0.75 cm
2. The height of the grafting should range from 15-20 cm
3. The diameter of the grafts at 10 cm above the graft union should
range from 0.75-1.0 cm and height 75 - 120cm.
4. The grafted clone should be free from suckers.
5. In the clone lot, clones not conforming to specified size shall not
exceed 5.0% (by number)
VI. Clone Standards
Mother plant:
Clones (Suckers)
B. Specific requirement :
Clones
1. Foundation clones being a group of common ancestry shall
be genetically pure in absolute terms. Off types should be
discarded under the supervision of Certification Agency.
V. Clone Specifications
1. The diameter of the sucker should range from 7.0 - 10.0 cm.
Mother plant:
A. General requirements
B. Specific requirement :
Nursery:
1. The diameter of the plant should range from 1.0 - 1.5 cm and
height of the plant 10-75 cm.
2. In the clone lot, clones not conforming to specified size shall not
exceed 5.0% (by number).
Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)
Rootstock
Mother plant:/Scion
A. General requirements
1. Isolation: The clone propagation plots of grape shall be isolated
from fields of the same variety not conforming to purity and
field of other varieties by 3-meter (Minimum).
B. Specific Requirement :
1. The diameter of the stock should range from 1.0 - 1.25 cm.
Mother plant:
Clones (Suckers/Slips)
A. General requirements
B. Specific Requirement :
V. Clone Specifications
2. In the clone lot, clones not conforming to specified size shall not
exceed 5.0% (by number).
Sapota (Achras sapota L.)
Rootstock:
Mother plant/Scion:
A. General requirements
1. Isolation: The clone propagation plots of Sapota shall be
isolated from fields of the same variety not conforming to
varietal purity and field of other varieties by 3-meter
(Minimum).
B. Specific Requirement :
V. Clone Specifications
5. In the clone lot, clones not conforming to specified size shall not
exceed 5.0% (by number).
Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.)
Rootstock:
Mother plant/Scion:
Budded Clones
A. General requirements
Isolation: The clone propagation plots of Jackfruit shall be isolated
from fields of the same variety not conforming to varietal purity
and field of other varieties by 3-meter (Minimum).
B. Specific Requirement :
V. Clone Specifications
5. In the clone lot, clones not conforming to specified size shall not
exceed 5.0% (by number).
Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims)
Mother plant(s)
A. General requirements
B. Specific Requirement :
V. Clone Specifications
2. In the clone lot, clones not conforming to specified size shall not
exceed 5.0% (by number).
TISSUE CULTURE BANANA
3. Explant
Washing room 5
Inoculation room 10
Growth room 10
2. Quality control
3. Hardening facilities
Operators
TOTAL 100
Virus testing
Quality control
With the advent of the PCR technique and DNA based molecular
markers, some laboratories in India expertise in these areas and are
using them for assessment of genetic diversity, phylogenetic analysis for
establishing true to type nature of tissue cultured plants. From the
contrasting reports on the use of molecular marker techniques for
analysis of micropropagated plants, it is essential that the marker system
chosen for analysis needs to be evaluated for its suitability for the
application before it is used.
The above guidelines are generic and would vary in terms of the steps
and parameters for assessment for individual species. Some species-
specific parameters are listed.
* There is a difference of opinion among researchers and production labs
on the number of passages that could be regarded as "safe" for shoot
multiplication in banana with respect to clonal uniformity of plants. In
tissue culture it is well known that lesser the number of subcultures, lower
will be the chances of somaclonal variation. However, it must also be
realized that if the number of passages are far too small then the entire
production process becomes economically unviable. Therefore, efforts
should be made to optimize the shoot multiplication process and extend the
number of passages only till the clonal uniformity of the progenies is
maintained. This could be achieved through a) strict monitoring of shoot
multiplication process ensuring that adventitious shoots are not multiplied
and b) confirming the clonal fidelity of tissue cultured plants using
molecular markers in different passages. However, in banana under no
circumstances shoots should be subcultured for more than 8 passages.
Quality Standards for production through tissue culture
• Mother plant should be healthy, true to type and free from diseases
and pests especially virus diseases. It should be certified for the
desirable characters by the certifying agency and a certificate shall be
given to the nurseries. Minimum two inspections shall be made at the
time of vegetative phase (6th month) and at the time of flowering and
fruiting stage.
• Mother plants whose varietal purity is confirmed through molecular
markers should be used as source plants.
• The male flower bud should be retained to check the presence of virus
diseases (Male flower bud exhibits symptoms of late infection of
viruses like BBTV and BBMV).
• Mother plants should be raised under topless insect proof shade net
with sufficient height.
1. at 6 months stage
• The indexing should be carried out primarily for four viruses, namely
Banana Bunchy top Virus, Banana Bract mosaic virus, Banana
Streak virus and Cucumber mosaic virus.
• The entire clump of plant, suckers along with infected mother
underground corm should be removed and destroyed.
• The sucker should be healthy and not less than 60-80 days of age
• The explant should not be cut to avoid injury to the growing meristem
and eventual abnormalities
• The rooting media should be 100 per cent free from pathogen
7. Plants from each batch should be maintained for one year for
cross confirmation.
Certified class
A. General requirements
1. Isolation
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
* Standards for off types shall be met at and after flowering and for seed
borne disease at final inspection.
** Seed borne disease shall be: Phomopsis blight (Phomopis vexans (Sacc.
& Syd.) Harter.)
V. Seed standards
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
A. General requirements
1. Isolation
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
B. Specific requirements
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
V. Seed standards
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
A. General requirements
1. Isolation
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
B. Specific requirements
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
V. Seed standards
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
A. General requirements
1. Isolation
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
B. Specific requirements
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
V. Seed standards
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
A. General requirements
1. Isolation
1 2 3 4 5
B. Specific requirements
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
V. Seed standards
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
A. The General Seed Standards are basic and, together with the
following specific standards constitute the standards for approval
of PTCMT. As the name implies, these standards are applicable to
tissue culture raised mini tubers multiplied under laboratory and
greenhouse conditions as laid here.
vi. The plants of a potato varieties being initiated for tissue culture
should be tested in an accredited laboratory2 for freedom from the
following:
2. Sources of seed:
(iv) Valid pathogen testing results are required prior to the initiation of
micro tuber production cycle or planting of test tube plantlets in
the greenhouse.
(v) PTCMT shall be produced and multiplied from approved source in
vitro plants or microtubers, as per the requirements.
2. The soil used for PTCMT production should not be infested with
pathogen and pests of potato, particularly the following:
2. The crop must be grown from approved basic source in vitro plants
or micro tubers, which were produced, in an aseptic environment.
6. The greenhouse must be free from all potato and solanaceous plant
debris before planting.
a. General requirements
b. Specific requirements
Maximum permissible limits
Factor
* Off types 0.05%
** Plants showing symptoms of:
- Mild mosaic 0.05%
- Severe mosaic, leaf roll, yellows 0.05%
and apical leaf curl
** Plants infected by brown rot nil
(syn. Bacterial wilt)
(Ralstonia solamacearum)
B. Field standards for Foundation Crops and Certified Crop raised out
of Potato-Tissue Culture raised Mini Tuber (PTCMT) (shall be same
as prescribed for conventional method)3 at Annexure-III.
1In vitro multiplication for custom production of an imported variety or a
non-notified variety can be taken up by the industry exclusively for export
purposes. Such varieties, however, should be introduced following the
approved guidelines of Government of India.
2 The following laboratories of the ‘National Facility for Virus Diagnosts
and Quality Control of Tissue Culture Raised Plants’ are currently
accredited for virus testing: (1) Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Indian
Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi (2) Indian Institute of
Horticultural Research, Hessaraghatta Lake PO, Bangalore, (3) Institute of
Himalayan Bioresources Technology,2 Post Box. No.6, Palampur (HP). In
addition Central Potato Research Institute is also accredited. Of these four
laboratories, Advanced Centre for Plant Virology, Indian Agricultural
Research Institute will act as Referred lab.
3 Details not required here but given for reference
LABORATORIES FOR CERTIFICATION OF PTCMT – MINIMUM
REQUIREMENT
Under the National Facility for Virus Diagnosis and Quality Control
of Tissue Culture Raised Plants, the following three centers are working
for the virus testing.
All the three centers of the National Facility for Virus Diagnosis
and Quality Control of Tissue Culture Raised Plants have excellent infra-
structure facilities and welt trained and experienced scientists to test for
plant viruses using state-of the-art diagnostic techniques like ELISA,
PCR, dot blot hybridization, Western blotting, immuno-
electromicroscopy, etc. Considering the availability of expertise and
necessary infrastructure, these laboratories are accredited to test and
certify plants for freedom from viruses. Apart from these three
laboratories considering the availability of expertise and necessary
infrastructure for this work, the Central Potato Research Institute,
Shimla is also accredited for virus testing of PTCMT.
2. The laboratory must have facilities for growing plants under insect-
proof conditions.
3. The laboratory must have at least two scientists with good training
in virology, preferably Ph.D in virology, and experience of working
on virus diagnosis.
Label No.
Crop Potato
Variety
Lot No.
Approved laboratory
and reference:
Date of test
Germination/sprouting %
(Minimum)
Producing Agency
(Name and address)
“The container should also have printed on it the kind, variety and
name of Institute’.
2. The label shall be rubber stamped with signature, name and
designation of the concerned Agency. Colour of the label shall be
diagonally yellow No.356 (IS 5-1978) and opaline green (IS No.275).
There shall be two types of seed ptatoes, namely the Hills and
Plains – grown and shall be designated as Hill (HS) and Plains
Seed (PS) respectively. Hill Seed (HS) shall be grown in the high
hills generally 2500 meters above the mean sea level or in
situations declared technically suitable for seed production.
Plains Seed (PS) shall be grown in such areas where aphid
infestation is low during the crop growing season and which are
technically suitable for seed production.
A. General Requirements
1. Isolation
Foundation Certified
Stage-I Stage-II
1 2 3 4
B. Specific Requirements
Maximum permissible limits
Factor Stage Stage-I Stage-II Stage-III
1 2 3 4 5
Off types I & II 0.050% 0.050% 0.10%
Inspection
Plants I & II 1.0% 2.0% 3.0%
showing Inspection
symptoms of:
- Mild mosaic
-Severe I & II 0.50% 0.75% 1.0%
mosaic, leaf Inspection
roll and
yellows
*Total Virus - 1.0% 2.0% 3.0%
** Plants I & II None None 3 Plants per
infected by Inspection hectare
brown rot
(Syn.
Bacterial wilt)
(Pseudomonas
solanacearum
(E.F. Sm.)
E.F. Sm.)
***Re-growth IV 0.50% 0.50% 0.50%
of plants after Inspection
destruction of
haulms
* Of the two inspections, the higher virus percentage will be
considered for the purpose of the specified limits of tolerance.
** The presence of brown rot infected plants within the specified
limits of tolerance shall be permitted in the areas known to be
infected with this disease. In case of plants suspected to be
infected with brown rot, the neighbouring plants, one on either
side should also be rogued along with tubers.
*** Standards for re-growth after destruction of haulms shall be
met at fourth inspection to be conducted about 10 days after
haulms cutting.
Note: 1. All off types and diseased plants should be rouged out along
with the tubers
and destroyed.
2. Gaps in the seed plot should not be more than 10.0%.
3. Haulms must be destroyed as close to the ground as possible
before the date specified by the Certification Agency. Failure to
destroy haulms in time shall render the crop liable for rejection.
V. Seed Standards
Note:
Stage-I Stage-II
1 2 3 4
(b) Seed lots having black scruf infection more than the prescribed
limits could be certified after treatment with approved
chemical/fungicide.
(c) For all diseases, the higher disease percentage will be considered
for the purpose of the specified limits of tolerance.
3. FLOWERS
ASTER (Callistephus spp. (Linn.) Nees syn. (Aster sp.. Linn.)
A. General requirements
1. Isolation
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
B. Specific requirements
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
V. Seed standards
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
A. General requirements
1. Isolation
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
B. Specific requirements
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
* Standards for off types shall be met at and after flowering and for
designated disease at final inspection.
V. Seed standards
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
A. General requirements
1. Isolation
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
* Standards for off types shall be met at and after flowering and for
designated diseases at final inspection.
V. Seed standards
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
d. The certified class seed shall be hybrid seed to be planted for any
use except seed production.
A. General requirements
1. Isolation
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
B. Specific requirements
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
V. Seed standards
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
V. Seed standards
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
A. General requirements
1. Isolation
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
* Standards for off types shall be met at and after flowering and
for designated diseases at final inspection.
V. Seed standards
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
A. General requirements
1. Isolation
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
B. Specific requirements
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
* Standards for off types shall be met at and after flowering and
plants infected with designated diseases at final inspection.
V. Seed standards
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
Pure seed (minimum) 98.0% 98.0%
1. The first inspection shall be made at the stage of 6-7 pairs of leaves
in order to determine isolation, volunteer plants, designated
disease and other relevant factors.
A. General requirements
1. Isolation
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
B. Specific requirements
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
None None
d. The certified class seed shall be the hybrid seed to be planted for
any use except seed production.
II. Land requirements
A. General requirements
1. Isolation
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
1. The first inspection shall be made at the stage of 6-7 pairs of leaves
in order to determine isolation, volunteer plants and other relevant
factors.
A. General requirements
1. Isolation
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
B. Specific requirements
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
Flower bud rot (A. alternate (Fr.) Keissler & A. dianthi Stevans &
Hall)
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
A. General requirements
1. Isolation
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
B. Specific requirements
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
Flower bud rot (A. alternata (fr.) Keissler & dianthi Stevans &
hall)
a) Perennials
b) Rose
ii) Carnation:
iii) Chrysanthemum:
iv) Orchids:
Habitat (epiphytic/terrestrial), lip shape and sepal colour.
v) Gerbera:
vi) Anthurium:
Spathe shape, spadix shape and flowering type/non-flowering type.
b) Bulbous Plants:
i) Gladiolus: Spike weight, internode length, floret arrangement
number of florets remain fresh at a time, branching of spike,
dormancy period and corm and cormel multiplication.
ii) Narcissus and Daffodil: Shape of perianth cup or corona, leaf
colour and flowers in umbel or solitary.
TUBEROUS BEGONIA:
c) Annuals:
i) Marigold:
iii) Carnation:
iv) Antirrhinum:
Land Requirement:
Avoid using the same nursery area again the nursery should not
be in any diseased area particularly root (wilt) and ganoderma disease.
Garden should be free from the incidence of disease and not prone to
severe attack of pests
Do not select mother palms from very small holdings maintained under
highly favorable conditions of growth.
Palms located near cattle sheds, compost or manure pits, waterways etc.,
should preferably be avoided.
Select palms which have reached full bearing stage and giving regularly
high yield for at least four consecutive years
Mother palm should have at least 30 fully opened leaves on the crown
The leaves should have short and strong petioles with vide leaf base
firmly attached to the stem.
The trees with crown having leaf orientation to all directions which are
commonly known as umbrella stage is ideally suited as mother palms.
Trees having a drooping or upright position for the leaves are generally
poor yields and such palms should be avoided.
Every leaf axil should have one inflorescence with a large number of
spikes
The female flower distribution per spike should be one or two which
insures high set and stability in yield,
For seed purpose; nuts of round and oblong shapes without ridges
should be selected.
The seed nut collection season should be adjusted according to the rainy
season of the area.
Tall cultivars, two months storage of seed nut is required for greater
germination
Nuts with fully dried husk alone should be sown lest germination will be
delayed.
Nuts having cracks on the husk at the stalk or at the base should be
discarded.
SEED CERTIFICATION STANDARDS FOR COCOA
(a) The general seed certification standards are basic and along with
the following standards it forms the standards for certification of
cocoa plants for varieties pods.
(b) The general standards are amplified as follows to apply specifically
to cocoa. All clarified classes fo cocoa viz. Criollo, Forastero,
trinitaria and hybrids shall be produced through graft/budded
(clonal) plants whose source and identifications may be ensured
and approved by certification agency.
(b) Nursery area should be away from old and ill managed cocoa
gardens as well as away from cashew plots so as to avoid
infestation of scion materials with ten-mosquitoes.
(c) The area should be free of cocoa swollen shoot virus, vascular
streak disease and phytophthora stem canker disease.
III. Varieties
A. General requirements
I. Isolation
II. Specific
The hybrid pods and the seedlings there of from the biclonal orchards
must be subjected to verification with reference to their F1 hybrid
characters as per the descriptors.
Characters of clones
Six months old grafted or budded clonal cocoa plants with vigorous
scion having hardened green 5-6 leaves and no sprouts from rootstock
portion are ready for planting on to mainfield.
3. The general seed certification standards are basic and along with
following standards it forms the standards for certification of
arecanut seeds for varieties.
4. The general standards are amplified as follows to apply specifically
to arecanut. All clarified classes of arecanut viz. Tall and semi tall
shall be produced through seednuts which source and identify
may be ensured and approved by certification agency.
II. Land requirements
(b) Land to be used for nursery shall be free of old nuts and must
be protected from nuts falling from arecanut palms if nursery
area is in the arecanut garden. Swammy and clayey conditions
may be avoided.
(c) Avoid using the same nursery area again. The nursery should
not be in any diseased area particularly yellow leaf Disease.
III. Varieties
V. General requirements
I. Isolation
The mother blocks of arecanut varieties shall be isolated from the other
contaminants at a distance of 500 m. All off types in the population must
be removed.
a. Specific
Characters of seedlings
(i) One year old seedlings should confirm approximately the following
criteria apart from being vigorous.
Twelve to eighteen months old seedlings with five leaves and high
selection index (SI) should be used for transplanting to the main field. SI.
No. of leaves x 40 – height. Shorter seedlings with 5 to 6 leaves are
preferred for planting.
Land : Soils with water logging and excessive salinity or alkalinity should
be avoided.
During flowering season, the flower panicles should be cut off in order to
get more no. of scions.
If mature scion sticks are not utilized due to some reason, such shoots
should be headed back so that more no. of lateral shoots are produced.
The plants in the scion bank should be maintained by heading back the
top (detopping) to a height of 1.5 m from ground level.
Precure by clipping off leaf blades. After 10-15 days scion sticks can be
detached
The procured scion sticks should be separated from the mother tree
before they sprout.
Preparation of grafts:
Phase of certificate
1. Field Inspection for selection of the field (for single season certified
nursery – conventional method – three nodded cuttings).
a. Age of the elite mother vines should at least be not less than 7 years.
b. The vine should have given stable yield of at least 2 kg dry
pepper/vine/year for 4 consecutive years.
c. Management practices followed for those vines during the last five
years should be noted.
d. These selected vines should be monitored at least once in a year for a
possible infection of the disease and continuously monitored for
future use.
Vines with above characters are identified, labeled and runner shoots
from such lines only should be used for large scale multiplication. In
any such selection, varietal purity should be maintained. Close
examination is essential to avoid physical mixing of varieties. To avoid
such mixing, support trees and vines should be examined carefully so
that if more than one variety of pepper vines are growing on the same
tree support, such vines should be rejected.
2.2 Method
Collect the runner shoots from the mother vines selected as per the
criteria in the para 1.1. Keep the vines to prevent them from striking
roots in the soil. Separate the runner shoots from the vines during
February-march. The middle one third portion of runner shoots are
preferred for planting. Avoid very tender and too hard portions for the
shoot. Cut the shoots into pieces of 2-3 nodes. Clip the leaves, if any
leaving a small portion of the petiole on the stem. Dip the lower cut end
(up to 2 cm) of the cuttings in 1000 ppm solution of 3 Indol Butyric Acid
(IBA) for 45 seconds will substantially increase root formation and
development (This solution can be prepared by dissolving 1 g of IBA in
one litre of water containing 3-5 g of sodium carbonate (Washing soda).
Adhere to the dipping period of 45 seconds as any deviation from this
may be injurious.
Plant the treated cuttings in polythene bags (20 x 15 cm size with 300
gauge thickness) filled with potting mixture. The potting mixture is
prepared by mixing two parts of fertile top soil, one part of river sand and
one part of well decomposed Farm Yard Manure of Compost. When
polythene bags are used sufficient number of holes about 20) may be
provided at the base to ensure good drainage. The cutting should be
planted at least on node deep in the soil.
In large commercial nurseries, where the soil contains more than 200
nematodes per gram of soil, the potting mixture should be fumigated
with methyl bromide @ 500g per tonne of soil to destroy the nematodes.
Planting of cuttings in such a potting mixture is to be taken up only after
21 days of fumigation. The cuttings after planting should be kept under
good shade. The cuttings are to be well protected from direct sun light.
Light and frequent watering in recommended in the nursery to maintain
a humid and cool atmosphere around the cuttings. Heavy watering which
makes the soil slushy and cause water logging is to be avoided.
i. The age of the rooted cutting should be 21/2 moths old from the
date of planting in the polythene bags.
ii. A minimum of five leaves should be preset with vigorous growth
without exhibiting any nutrient deficiency symptoms
iii. Profusely developed roots with the absence Phytophthora capsici
spores and nematodes viz., Radopholus similis and Meloidogyne
incognita on the cuttings as well as in the potting mixture
iv. Maintaining varietal purity.
v. Each such bag may contain a minimum of two such rooted
cuttings
3. Multi-season Nurseries
Rooting medium made of forest soil, sand, compost (or powdered cattle
manure in the para 1.1.1.
B. Specific requirements
Note:
V. Cutting standards
Note:
For hybrid seeds from clonal crossing blocks minimum three inspection
shall be made i.e., before flowering during flowering to rogue off
unsuitable plants if any, and also to ascertain the freedom from pests
and diseases, third inspection shall be at harvest to assess the quality of
seed capsules.
1. Isolation
Note:
In nursery minimum 3 m isolation distance is required between varieties.
A. Specific requirements
a. Katte virus 0 0
b. Clump rot 0 0
c. Azhukal (capsule rot) 0 0
d. Kokke kandu 0 0
2. present of pests
a. Thrips 0 0
b. Capsule/shoot/Panicle 5% 10%
borer 0 0
c. Root grube 5% 10%
d. White filed
V. Capsule/seedling standards
A. Capsule Standard
B. Seedlings standard.
Note:
The seedlings are first sown in raised beds of convenient size at 6 months
seedlings are transferred to secondary nursery i.e., in poly bags of 25x10
size filled with nursery mixture.
CLOVE (Syzygium armaticum (L) Merrill & Perry)
IV Field standards
A. General requirements
1. Isolation
AS there is no distinct varieties isolation is not required. However,
in nursery clove seedlings kept 2 meter away from other crop
seedlings to avoid pest infestation.
B. Specific requirements
V. Seedlings standard
Height -50 cm
Note:
1. Nursery requirements
The parent trees must have a very good regeneration capacity, high
quality bark with good yield. IISR Navashree and IISR Nithyashree are
the national varieties released recently.
Six month old shoot cuttings with 2-3 nodes are to be made from
the present tree. Half leaf only has to be retained at each node. The lower
cut end of the cutting (up to 2 cm) has to be dipped in 2000 ppm
solution of IBA or IAA for few seconds (quick dip method). This will
substantially increase root formation and development. This solution can
be prepared by dissolving 1g of IBA or IAA in 2 l. of water containing 3 to
5 g of Sodium Carbonate (washing soda).
The shoot cuttings which were kept in the polythene bags could be
taken 2 to 3 months later, when roots were found through the polythene
bag. The rooted cuttings must be carefully lifted and separately planted
in polythene bag containing 3:3:1 garden soil, sand and farm yard
manure (dried and well powdered). At the time of planting, care has to be
taken that primary root is well developed (minimum 25 cm) with lot of
lateral roots (about 20). One year old such bagged cuttings must be used
for planting. It should have attained a minimum height of 25 to 30 cm.
GINGER (Zingiber officinale Rose)
II. The General seed certification standards are basic and together
with the following specific standards constitute the standards for
certification of seed ginger.
V. Field Standards
A. General Requirements
Isolation
B. Specific requirement :
Note:
A. General Requirements
Isolation
B. Specific requirement :
Note:
3. Cut, bruised, or those damaged by insects shall not exceed more than
1.0% (by weight).
C U M I N (Cuminum syminum)
B. General Requirements
Isolation
B. Specific requirement :
V. Seed standards
A. General Requirements
Isolation
B. Specific requirement :
A. General Requirements
Isolation
B. Specific requirement :
A. General Requirements
Isolation
B. Specific requirement :
Isolation
B. Specific requirement :
A. General requirements
1. Isolation
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
Foundation Certified
1 2 3
V. Seed standards
Foundation Certified
1 2 3