1.

Which of the following factors DOES NOT affect the degree of x-ray attenuation through a
target or subject?
a. Phase of Respiration – affects the resolution only, if ga move, blurred, if improper, certain
structures will not be visible, (Ex. During exhalation, hindi Makita ang ibang ribs and di
masyado Makita ang hilum; so need mag inhale ng malalim pag magpa chest xray)
b. Tissue Thickness – the thicker the more attenuation
c. Atomic Mass – higher atomic mass (which is equal sa atomic number) greater attenuation
d. Tissue Density – the more dense, more attenuation

Attenuation is the parang ang degree ng pag lessen ng xrays

2. Which of the ff modalities is best at showing Soft Tissue Contrast

a. Fluoroscopy – for movement, usually ginagamit for special procedures, para ma track ang
movement ng contrast; Special Procedures ex: Barium Swallow, barium Meal, Follow
Through, Urography,
b. Digital Radiography – upgrade from analog xray; computer na gamit, digital cassette, no
film,; more on skeletal, the usual kumbaga
c. Ultrasonography – mostly sa mga abdominal organs: GB, Kidneys, UB, ; for superficial
structures: Thyroid, lymphnodes; for vasculars: Doppler (movement of fluids sa bv)
-best sya for stones, tumors (na superficial; kasi para malaman if may vascularities sya and
ano composition nya, abscess ba, solid, fluid,)
- ginagamit din for guidance sa Biopsy (FNAB), Thoracocentesis
d. MRI – kasi main player nito is ang energy released by Hydrogen (body is 85% water, water
is 2 Hydrogen and 1 Oxygen so very numerous sya all over.)
– best for soft tissues and diagnosing chuchu sa spine, kasi ganda ganda ng sagittal view
nya and transverse din
e. Analog Xray – uses film, typical xray

3. In a fluoroscopic image, which structure would you expect to appear darkest

~ color ng Image sa fluoro, is opposite sax ray, so in Fluoro: Dense-Dark; Lungs sa fluoro is
light/white
a. Tracheal Air
b. Cortical Bone – kasi dense, so dark (kung xray, white ito)
c. Liver parenchyma – di to masyado delineated. Dark sya pero di as dark as bone

4. Which advantage has fluoroscopy over that of static rad images?

b. Ability to show motion – real time movement kasi ang fluoro para ma track ang pag
swallow ng px movement ng contrast and stuff; ginagamit din sa Interventional
Radiography; apart sa special procedures, gamit din ito sa angiography, sometimes OR (C-
Arm)
c. Cheaper – hindi; cheapest na radio procedure is xray/usd
d. Less radiation exposure – rad modalty na walang radiation is MRI and USD lang, (Xray, CT,
NUc Med, Rad Therapy; all use radiation)
 e. Multiple plains – uhmmm, walang “PLAINS”, planes siguro,but, the closest would be sa CT
and MRI, tawag is Slices (coronal, sag and transverse)

5. In a chest radiograph, taken in Postero-anterior projection, which structures would appear least
magnified
b. Heart – PA projection so ang anterior ang nakadikit sa cassette, so least magnified (the
more malayo, the more magnified)
c. Scapuala – nasa likod, malayo sa cassette/film, magnified ito
d. Posterior Ribs – similar with scapula

6. In a radiograph, which of the following structures would show almost the same density as liver?
a. Air filled Lung – radiolucent than liver (Liver is radiopaque aka white)
b. Heart – both are thick soft tissues
c. Ribs – radiopaque but diff structure, and less dense (in terms of opacity) sa heart
d. Lumbar Vertebral Body – same lang sa ribs
e. IVD – hindi ito Makita sa xray

7. In a radiograph, which of the following juxtaposed structures will show the most clear border or
interface?
a. Fluid Filled and left hemidiaphragm
b. Rib and Clavicle – same sila bones; almost same ng opacity
c. Lung and Ribs – kasi very high contrast, therefore mas delineated ang border
d. Muscle and bone – di ganun ka high ang contrast, medyo light pa kasi ang muscles although
di sya Makita at first glance, pero its there,
e. Solid solid organ – di na clear and pagkakaiba kasi same sila dense, parang mag superimpose
na nuon sila

8. Which of the following is NOT a contrast agent?

a. Water soluble iodinated contrast – ginagamit ito ng CT and MRI
b. Water – ginagamit sa USD (sa pagkaalam ko; di ako entirely sure, pero kanang magpa usd ka
ginapainom kag daghan tubig, para mas ma delineate ng maayos ang UB mo)
c. Barium Sulfate – esophagram (Barium Swallow), Upper GI (Barium Meal), Follow Through
(SI), Barium Enema (Colon)
d. Gas/Air – used ito as negative contrast kasama si Barium Sulfate, and iodinated (pang
contrast)
e. None of the choices

9. In an analog x-ray image, this term described the dark colored spots in radiograph
a. Hyperechoic – ultrasound white/light
b. Radiopaque – radiograph white/light
 c. Hyperintense - MRI white/lgiht
d. Radiolucent – radiograph black/dark
e. Isodense – same density

10. Which of the following components of the EM spectrum has the shortest wavelength
a. Microwaves
b. Xrays
c. UV rays
d. Gamma Rays
- Short wavelength, is high energy; inversely proportional silang dalawa
Arranged from shortest wavelength to longest
1. Gamma – shortest Wavelength,; highest frequency
2. Xray
3. UV
4. Microwaves
5. Radiowaves – longest wavelength, lowest frequency

~Guys in my understanding lang ito ha, I could be wrong or di ko naexplain ng maayos, if ma confuse
kayo, pwede natin i.ask si Doc for further confirmation, hehehehehe,