9/10

TLE-IA-SMAW
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
OBSERVED WELDING CODES AND
STANDARDS
TLE-IA-SMAW–Grades 9/10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 4: Observe Welding Codes and Standards
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Writers: BB Boy Michael Jaydawn E. Que
Editor: Dennis S. Calinao
Reviewers: Dennis S. Calinao, Gemuel C. Ibero, Howel Jay M. Caluyo, Alden B. Deguit
Typesetter: BB Boy Michael Jaydawn E. Que
Layout Artist: Alden B. Deguit
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Fay C. Luarez, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D. Maricel S. Rasid
Adolf P. Aguilar, Ed.D., TM Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita R. Ragay, Ed.D.
Antonio B. Baguio Jr., Ed.D.

Printed in the Philippines by ________________________

Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
 9/10

TLE-IA-SMAW
Quarter 2 – Module 4:
Perform Stringer or Layered
Beads in Accordance with
Welding Standards
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Shielded Metal Arc Welding – Grades 9/10 Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on Observe welding codes and standards.

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Shielded Metal Arc Welding Grades 9/10 Alternative Delivery
Mode (ADM) Module on Check root pass penetration in accordance with
acceptable standards!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
What I Know
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
What’s More
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.

References:
https://welderportal.com/7-most-common-welding-defects/

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

Learning Objectives:

At the end of the lesson you should be able to:

✓ Identify the different welding codes and standards.
✓ Perform procedures using welding codes and standards.
✓ Appreciate the importance of welding codes and standards.

What I Know

Directions: Read the statement carefully and identify what is being described or
defined. Choose your answer from the words inside the box.

Undercut Excess Penetration

Lack Fusion
Burn-through Cracks

___________ 1. A localized collapse of the molten pool due to excessive

penetration or loss of control, resulting in a hole/cavity in the weld root run.
___________ 2. Is when internal stresses exceed the strength of the weld metal,
the base metal, or both.
___________ 3. Also called cold lapping or cold shuts, occurs when there is no
fusion between the weld metal and the surfaces of the base plate.
___________ 4. Is when the weld reduces the cross-sectional thickness of the
base metal.
___________ 5. Metal protruding through the root of a fusion weld made from
one side only.

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 What’s In

Directions: Match the Picture in column B with their corresponding meaning

in column A. Write the letter of your answer on the space provided before each
number.

Column A Column B

_______ 1. Square Pattern A.

_______ 2. J-Pattern B.

_______ 3. Zigzag C.

_______ 4. T-Pattern D.

________ 5. Circular E.

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 What’s New

Introduction:
Welding is a key manufacturing process in the fabrication of structural parts
or components in many industries such as aerospace, automotive, energy,
and shipbuilding. Since welding usually occurs late in the manufacturing
process, defects (e.g., burn-through, insufficient penetration, porosity) can
have significant negative impact, potentially causing scrapped pieces of high
relative value. There are several studies in literature correlating welding
parameters with weld defects, as well as online monitoring of the welding
process. Some of these studies correlated the effects of weld current, voltage,
travel speed, heat input, and shielding gas with the weld defects (lack of
fusion, burn-through, weld size, lack of strength) using audio (microphone)
data by linear correlation and machine learning. Identified the factors causing
porosity in hybrid laser/arc welding in relation to the stand-off distance
between the laser and arc, and the heat input.

Defects are common in any type of manufacturing, welding including. In the

process, there can be deviations in the shape and size of the metal structure.
It can be caused by the use of the incorrect welding process or wrong welding
technique.

Undercut –This type of defect

reduces the strength of the weld and
workpiece. One reason for this defect
is excessive current, causing the
edges of the joint to melt and drain
into the weld; this leaves a drain-like
impression along the length of the
weld.

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 Cracks –The most serious type of
welding defect is a weld crack and it’s
not accepted almost by all standards
in the industry. It can appear on the
surface, in the weld metal or the area
affected by the intense heat.

Incomplete/Lack of Fusion – This

type of welding defect occurs when
there’s a lack of proper fusion
between the base metal and the weld
metal. It can also appear between
adjoining weld beads. This creates a
gap in the joint that is not filled with
molten metal.

Excess Penetration – Penetration

becomes excessive when the joint
gap is too large, the root faces are too
small, the heat input to the joint is
too high or a combination of these
causes.

Burn-through – is defined as an
undesirable open hole when the base
metal completely melts, which can
be caused by excessive heat input,
improper travel angle, travel speed,
and insufficient electrical sickout.

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 What Is It

The purpose of each of the welding codes is to have a uniform way to approach
welding that reflects the best practices developed and proven to work over
time. They have the effect of improving welder skill, equipment and processes.
The result is growth in the profession when it comes to skill, quality
and welder efficiency.

What’s More

Multiple Choice

Instruction: Read the questions carefully and choose the correct answer in the
choices below. Note: Use Intermediate paper only.

1. Defined as an undesirable open hole when the base metal completely

melts, which can be caused by excessive heat input, improper travel
angle, travel speed, and insufficient electrical sickout.
A. Weld crack C. Burn-Through
B. Circular D. Incorrect Current
2. Penetration becomes excessive when the joint gap is too large, the root
faces are too small, the heat input to the joint is too high or a
combination of these causes.
A. Excess penetration C. Incorrect Current
B. Circular D. Weld Crack
3. It can also appear between adjoining weld beads. This creates a gap in
the joint that is not filled with molten metal.
A. Lack of Penetration C. J-Welding
B. Lack of fusion D. Incomplete fusion
4. It can appear on the surface, in the weld metal or the area affected by
the intense heat.
A. Zigzag C. J-Welding
B. Circular D. Weld Crack
5. This type of defect reduces the strength of the weld and workpiece.
A. Zigzag C. Circular
B. Undercut D. Weld Crack

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 What I Have Learned

Fill in the Blank

This standard covers the _______ and ______ welding of fillet, butt, arc and
gas, and socket welds in carbon and low-alloy ______ piping used in the
________, pumping, and transmission of crude petroleum, petroleum
products, fuel gases, carbon dioxide, and nitrogen, and where applicable,
covers ______ on distribution systems.

What I Can Do

Instruction: ESSAY TYPE QUESTIONS

1. Why welding codes and standards exist?

2. Is it necessary to follow the codes and standards in welding?

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 Assessment

Identification: Write your answers in your activity notebook.

Instruction: Identify the pictures below manifesting the type of welding defect.

1. _____________

2. _____________

3. _____________

4. _____________

Additional Activities

Write your reflection in your activity notebook.

I have learned that ________________________________________

I have realized that ________________________________________

I will apply ________________________________________________

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 Answer Key

What I Know What’s In

1. Burn-through 1. E
2. Crack 2. B
3. Lack of Fusion 3. A
4. Undercut 4. C
5. Excess penetration 5. D

What’s More Assessment/Fill in the blank

1. C 1. Arc
2. A 2. Gas
3. D 3. Steel
4. D 4. Compression
5. AB 5. Welding

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 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental

Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental

Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117

Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net