CE 319 : Design of Steel Structures 14

Compression Members - 2 1

EXAMPLE 6.10.1 in ASD:

Select the lightest W section of A992 (Fy = 50 ksi) steel to serve as a
pinned-end main member column 16 ft long to carry an axial
compression load of 115 kips dead load and 125 kips live load in a
braced structure, as shown in Fig. Use ASD approach.
SOLUTION:
P= 115+125= 240 kip, L = 16' = 192"
Both ends hinged, therefore K = 1.0
Nominal strength Pn = Fcr Ag

1. (6.7.7)

2. (6.7.8)

4.71√(E/Fy) = 4.71 √(29000/50) = 113.4

Prof. Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2017

CE 319 : Design of Steel Structures 14

Compression Members - 2 2

EXAMPLE 6.10.1 in ASD: Solution Contd….

TRIAL-1
Assume KL/r = 90, ∴ r = KL/90 = 192/90 = 2.133 in.
Fe = π2E/(KL/r)2 = 3.142×29000/(90)2 = 35.33 ksi.
= [0.658(50/35.33)]50= 27.65 ksi

Nominal strength Pn = Ω P = 1.67× 240 = 400.8 kip

But Pn = Fcr Ag
∴ Ag = Pn/Fcr = 400.8/27.63 = 14.5 in2.
Now go to W section charts of AISC Manual and find a
section having r ≥ 2.133 and Ag ≥ 14.5.
From AISC Manual Chart on Pages 1-24 and 1-25,
Select W12x53 with A=15.6 in2 and r = 2.48 in
TRIAL-2
Assume KL/r = 80, ∴ r = KL/80 = 192/80 = 2.4 in. From AISC Manual Chart on
Fe = π2E/(KL/r)2 = 3.142×29000/(80)2 = 44.72 ksi. Pages 1-24 and 1-25,
Select W10x49 with A=14.4
= [0.658(50/44.72)]50= 31.31 ksi in2 and r = 2.54

But Pn = Fcr Ag ∴ Ag = Pn/Fcr = 400.8/31.31 = 12.8 in2.

Prof. Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2017

 CE 319 : Design of Steel Structures 14
Compression Members - 2 3

EXAMPLE 6.10.1 in ASD: Solution Contd….

TRIAL-3
Assume KL/r = 70, ∴ r = KL/70 = 192/70 = 2.743 in.
Fe = π2E/(KL/r)2 = 3.142×29000/(70)2 = 58.35 ksi. ( > Fy Note)

= [0.658(50/58.35)]50= 34.93 ksi

But Pn = Fcr Ag ∴ Ag = Pn/Fcr = 400.8/34.93 = 11.45 in2.

Now go to W section charts of AISC Manual and find
a section having r ≥ 2.743 and Ag ≥ 11.45

From AISC Manual Chart on Pages 1-22 and 1-23,

Select W12x65 with A=19.1 in2 and r = 3.02

Based on above three trials, the finally chosen section is W10x49

Prof. Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2017

CE 319 : Design of Steel Structures 14

Compression Members - 2 4

LOCAL BUCKLING
Local buckling is a phenomenon by which a portion of the section of a
column or beam buckles instead of overall buckling.

Local buckling leads to a reduction in the

strength of a compression member and
prevents the member from reaching its
overall compression capacity.

To avoid or prevent local buckling, the AISC

specification prescribes limits to the width-
to-thickness ratios of the plate components
that make up the structural member.

Prof. Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2017

 CE 319 : Design of Steel Structures 14
Compression Members - 2 5

LOCAL BUCKLING

Prof. Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2017

CE 319 : Design of Steel Structures 14

Compression Members - 2 6

LOCAL BUCKLING

Prof. Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2017

 CE 319 : Design of Steel Structures 14
Compression Members - 2 7

LOCAL BUCKLING
Local buckling primarily
depends on the ratio, b/t, of
the width (b) and thickness
(t) of the plate elements that
builds up a section.

Prof. Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2017

CE 319 : Design of Steel Structures 14

Compression Members - 2 8

LOCAL BUCKLING

Based on the width/thickness ratio steel sections are defined as

Compact: A compact section reaches its cross-sectional

material strength, or capacity, before local
buckling occurs.
Non-Compact: In a non-compact section, only a portion of
the cross-section reaches its yield strength before
local buckling occurs.
Slender: In a slender section, the cross-section does not
yield and the strength of the member is governed
by local buckling.

The use of slender sections as compression members is not

efficient or economical; therefore, the use of slender section in
design practice is not recommended.

Prof. Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2017

 CE 319 : Design of Steel Structures 14
Compression Members - 2 9

LOCAL BUCKLING
There are also two type of
elements of a column section :

Stiffened:
Stiffened elements are supported along
both edges parallel to the applied axial
load. An example of this is the web of an
I-shaped column where the flanges are
connected on either end of the web.

Unstiffened:
An unstiffened element has only one
unsupported edge parallel to the axial
load—for example, the outstanding
flange of an I-shaped column that is
connected to the web on one edge and
free along the other edge.

Prof. Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2017

CE 319 : Design of Steel Structures 14

Compression Members - 2 10
LOCAL BUCKLING: AISC Specification for limiting b/t ratio
Unstiffened Elements

Prof. Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2017

 CE 319 : Design of Steel Structures 14
Compression Members - 2 11
LOCAL BUCKLING: AISC Specification for limiting b/t ratio
Stiffened Elements

Prof. Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2017

CE 319 : Design of Steel Structures 14

Compression Members - 2 12
LOCAL BUCKLING: AISC Specification for limiting b/t ratio
Stiffened Elements

Prof. Dr. K.M. Amanat Dept. of Civil Engg. BUET, 2017