11

Electrical Installation and

Maintenance NC II
Quarter 2, LAS 1:
Reading Measurements in Terms of
Resistance

https://owlcation.com/stem/Watt-are-Amps-and-Volts

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Electrical Installation and Maintenance – Grade 11 Quarter 2 – LAS 1: Reading Measurements
in Terms of Resistance

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Development Team of the Module

Writer : CRISANTO R. VILLEGAS, T-II

Editor : LEONARDO V. HERNANDEZ, MT1

Reviewers : DARCY GUY Y. MAŃEBO, EPS

Illustrator : CRISANTO R. VILLEGAS, T-II

Layout Artist: CRISANTO R. VILLEGAS, T-II

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Electrical Installation and
Maintenance – Grade 11
Quarter 2 LAS 1: Reading Measurements in Terms
of Resistance

I. Introductory Concept:
This module contains information and suggested learning activities on the
operation, reading and maintenance of different electrical measuring/testing
instruments.

II. Learning Skills from the MELC’s :

Upon completion of this module, you will be able to:

1. Identify the value per line in resistance scales;

2. Familiarized with the value per line in reading resistance  scales;

3. Perform simple reading using a drawn scale for resistance.
TLE_IAE19-12EP

Vocabulary List:
1. Circuit - is a network consisting of a closed loop, giving a return path for the
current. Linear electrical networks, a special type consisting only of sources
(voltage or current), linear lumped elements (resistors, capacitors, inductors),
and linear distributed elements (transmission lines), have the property that
signals are linearly superimposable.

2. Resistance - is an electrical quantity that measures how the device or material
reduces the electric current flow through it. The resistance is measured in
units of ohms (Ω).

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3. Voltage - is an electric potential difference, electric pressure or electric
tension is the difference in electric potential between two points, which (in a
static electric field) is defined as the work needed per unit of charge to move
a test charge between the two points.

4. Current - is the rate of flow of electric charge past a point. It is said to exist
when there is a net flow of electric charge through a region.

5. Electricity - is the set of  physical phenomena associated with the presence

and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge.

Source:  ("Wikipedia,  the  free 

encyclopedia,"  2002)

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 III. Reading Activities

RESISTANCE SCALES READING

What is resistance?

 Resistance is a measure of the opposition to current flow in an

electrical circuit. It is measured in ohms, symbolized by the Greek letter
omega (Ω). Ohms are named after Georg Simon Ohm (1784- 1854),
a German physicist who studied the relationship between voltage, current
and resistance. He is credited for formulating Ohm's Law. Figure 1.
The Resistance

https://www.google.com/search?q=electrical+resistance

All materials resist current flow to some degree. They fall into one of two broad categories:
• Conductors: Materials that offer very little resistance
where electrons can move easily. Examples: silver, copper, gold
and aluminum.
• Insulators: Materials that present high resistance and
restrict the flow of electrons. Examples: Rubber, paper, glass,
wood and plastic

https://www.google.com/search?
q=electrical+cable

Resistance measurements are normally taken to indicate the condition of a component

or a circuit.
• The higher the resistance, the lower the current flow. If abnormally high, one possible
cause (among many) could be damaged conductors due to burning or corrosion. All conductors
give off some degree of heat, so overheating is an issue often associated with resistance.
• The lower the resistance, the higher the current flow. Possible causes: insulators
damaged by moisture or overheating.
Many components such as heating elements and resistors, have a fixed resistance
value. These values are often printed on the components' nameplates or in manuals for
reference. When a tolerance is indicated, the measured resistance value should be within the
specified resistance range. Any significant change in a fixed-resistance value usually indicates a
problem. "Resistance" may sound negative, but in electricity it can be used beneficially.

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 Example: Current must struggle to flow through the small coils of a toaster, enough to
generate heat that browns bread. Old-style incandescent light bulbs force current to flow through
filaments so thin that light is generated.
Resistance cannot be measured in an operating circuit. Accordingly, troubleshooting
technicians often determine resistance by taking voltage and current measurements and applying
Ohm's Law: E = I x R
That is, Voltage (V) = Current (I) x Resistance (R). R stands for
resistance in this formula. If resistance is unknown, the formula can be
converted to R = E/I (Resistance = Voltage divided by Current).

https://www.google.com/search?q=ohm%27s+law

Measuring resistance on electronic components whether doing it individually or in-circuit,

is not simple unless you had learned how to read resistance scale using an ohmmeter of an
analog multi-tester. It is not as hard as you may think just by looking into the overwhelming
numbers and values, but once you understand it, you will realize how simple it is.

Figure
4. Resistance Scale

You may have noticed a descending order of number. From left infinity (∞) to right zero (0). In
practice, reading values always starts from zero. Therefore, we will read resistance values from
right to left which is zero (0) to infinity (∞).

Since we will read resistance values from right to left, you will notice that the gaps between
numbers are not equally divided. Please do not get so confused why it is not equal because it is
not that of a big deal. After all what we need to learn is the value of each scale between each
number. Those small vertical lines that divide each number is refer to as a scale. Each scale has a
value with respect to each nearest number. To fully understand it, we will use simple formula to get
the value per line of scale and apply it to the list of numbers from zero (0) to infinity (∞) and identify
its individual scale and value.

Source: (Fix It, 2020)

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 Value per Line (VpL) = Highestest Value (HV) – Lowest Value (LV)
Number of Lines (NoL)
Note: The number of lines represents the vertical lines between the two respective
points in the scales.

Figure 5. Resistance Scale with respect to the highest and lowest value

Now, let us find the value of each scale by applying the formula.

Resistance range 0Ω –1Ω: From zero (0), we will count the

VpL = (HV – LV)/NoL scales (smaller one) to 0.2Ω,
VpL = (1Ω - 0Ω)/5 lines
0.4Ω, 0.6Ω, 0.8Ω, and
then
VpL = 1Ω / 5 lines
1Ω, since there are 5
scales in
VpL = 0.2Ω per line this range.

Resistance range 1Ω –2Ω: From 1Ω, we will count the

VpL = (HV – LV)/NoL scales (smaller one) to 1.2Ω,
VpL = (1Ω - 0Ω)/5 lines 1.4Ω, 1.6Ω, 1.8Ω, and then
VpL = 1Ω / 5 lines 2Ω, since there are 5 scales in
VpL = 0.2Ω per line this range.

Resistance range 2Ω –5Ω: From 2Ω, we will count the

VpL = (HV – LV)/NoL scales (smaller one) to 2.5Ω,
VpL = (5Ω - 2Ω)/6 lines 3Ω, 3.5Ω, 4Ω, and then

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 VpL = 3Ω / 6 lines
VpL = 0.5Ω per line
Resistance range 5Ω –10Ω:
VpL = (HV – LV)/NoL
VpL = (10Ω - 5Ω)/10 lines
VpL = 5Ω / 10 lines
VpL = 0.5Ω per line
Resistance range 10Ω –20Ω:
VpL = (HV – LV)/NoL
VpL = (20Ω -10Ω)/10 lines
VpL = 10Ω / 10 lines
VpL = 1Ω per line
Resistance range 20Ω –30Ω:
VpL = (HV – LV)/NoL
VpL = (30Ω -20Ω)/5 lines
VpL = 10Ω / 5 lines
VpL = 2Ω per line
Resistance range 30Ω –50Ω:
VpL = (HV – LV)/NoL
VpL = (50Ω -30Ω)/10 lines
VpL = 20Ω / 5 lines
VpL = 2Ω per line
Resistance range 50Ω –100Ω: From 50Ω, we will count the
VpL = (HV – LV)/NoL scales (smaller one) to 55Ω,
VpL = (100Ω -50Ω)/10 lines
80Ω,85Ω,
VpL = 50Ω / 10 lines 90Ω, 95Ω, and then 100
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4.5Ω, since there are 6 scales
in this range.
From 5Ω, we will count the
scales (smaller one) to 5.5Ω,
6Ω, 6.5Ω, 7Ω, 7.5Ω, 8Ω, 8.5Ω
9Ω, 9.5Ω, and then 10Ω since
there are 10 scales in this
range.
From 10Ω, we will count the
scales (smaller one) to 11Ω,
12Ω, 13Ω, 14Ω, 15Ω, 16Ω,
17Ω, 18Ω, 19Ω and then 20Ω
since there are 10 scales in
this range.
From 200Ω, we will count the
scales (smaller one) to 220Ω,
240Ω, 260Ω, 280Ω, and then
300Ω since there are 5 scales
in this range.
From 30Ω, we will count the
scales (smaller one) to 32Ω,
34Ω, 36Ω, 38Ω, 40Ω, 42Ω,
44Ω, 46Ω, 48Ω and then 50Ω
since there are 10 scales in
this range.
60Ω, 65Ω, 70Ω, 75Ω,
 VpL = 5Ω per line since there are 10 scales in
this range.

Resistance range 100Ω –200Ω: From 100Ω, we will count the

VpL = (HV – LV)/NoL scales (smaller one) to 120Ω,
VpL = (200Ω -100Ω)/5 lines 140Ω, 160Ω, 180Ω, and then
VpL = 100Ω / 5 lines 200Ω, since there are 5 scales
VpL = 20Ω per line in this range.

Resistance range 200Ω –500Ω: From 200Ω, we will count the

VpL = (HV – LV)/NoL scales (broad one only) to
VpL = (500Ω -200Ω)/10 lines 300Ω, 400Ω, and then 500Ω
VpL = 10Ω / 3 lines since there are 3 broad
VpL = 100Ω per line scales in this range.

Important: This part may be confusing since there is a small vertical line (scale) between
200Ω and the next broad vertical line (scale). That
scale value is 250Ω since it is between the range of
200Ω and 300Ω. As you will recognized that the
height of each vertical lines (scales) plays a great
role to represent its value.
.
Resistance range 500Ω, 1kΩ, 2kΩ and ∞:

From this point, it is unnecessary to use the formula since the vertical line (scales) has its
value.
N ote: K stands for Kilo which means Thousand.

Any value that goes beyond 2K or 2 kilo-ohms value has a

very high resistance and exceeds the x1 multiplier range of an
ohmmeter. Please note that the highest resistance scale is only limited
to 2k or 2 kilo-ohm resistance. If you need to measure resistance
which is higher than 2 kilo-ohms, set the ohmmeter range to a higher
multiplier range and so on.

Learning to read resistance values is simple and easy, but you need to practice. First you need to
familiarize yourself to the value of each scale and then memorize it. Just by knowing the value of

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each scale individually could fulfill it. But there is more to learn if you dig deeper. Put it into practice,
measure the resistance of an actual electronic component such as
resistors, transistors and diodes. It is not very long you realize you had already done it with such
ease.
Figure 6. Resistance Multiplier

Practice Task
Source: (Fix It, 2020)

Directions: Identify the resistance scales reading on each pointer; please take note of the multiplier
in every number. Write your answer on your answer sheet as shortest value as possible, do not forget
to put the unit of measure. Remember, the pointer may fall in the line or between the lines.

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 IV. EVALUATION:
POST TEST
I. Direction: Choose the best answer among the choices for every item. Write the letter of your
choice in your answer sheet.

1. What is the value of resistance, if the value of a current in a circuit sum up?
A. adds up B. be the same C. cuts in half D. goes down

2. What is the factors that affect the value of resistance in a conductor?

A. distance B. size C. temperature D. type of source

3. What is a phenomenon when the flow of current is lessened due to collusion of free electron
as it flows in a circuit?
A. Current B. Resistance C. Voltage D. Wattage

4. Which of the following tool is used to measure the resistance value of a components and the
continuity of conductor?
A. Ammeter B. Ohmmeter C. Voltmeter D. Wattmeter

5. What is the situation where can get the amount of resistance in a circuit?
A. it is energized B. no one’s around C. source is off D. switch is on

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 IV. ANSWER KEY:

PRACTICE TASK

1. 250Ω
2.1KΩ
3. 6KΩ
4. 380KΩ
5. 25KΩ
6. 1.7KΩ
7. 11.5Ω
8. 650Ω
9. 27.5Ω
10. 0.6Ω

POST TEST
1. D
2. D
3. B
4. B
5. C

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 V. REFERENCES:

1. Rodel B. Borja, et.al,Retrieved from www.googledrive.com

2. https://www.fluke.com/en-ph/learn/best-practices/measurement-
basics/electricity/what-is-resistance
3. https://www.fluke.com/en-ph/learn/best-practices/measurement-
basics/electricity/what-is-voltage
4. https://www.fluke.com/en-ph/learn/best-practices/measurement-
basics/electricity/what-is- current#:~:text=Current%20is%20 the%20rate%20at,unit%20used
%20for%20measuring%20current.> 
[Accessed 26 August 2020]
5. https://medium.com/@phillipfixit/how-to-read-
resistance-scale-in-analog-multi-tester-fa655ccf4ba4#:~:text=Inpractice,
reading values always, scale is  in ascending order.
6. https://www.google.com/search?q=ohm%27s+law
7. https://owlcation.com/stem/Watt-are-Amps-and-Volts
8. https://www.google.com/search?q=electrical+cable
9. https://www.google.com/search?q=electrical+resistance

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