URDANETA CITY UNIVERSITY

GRADUATE SCHOOL
#1 San Vicente West, Urdaneta City,
Pangasinan
2428 Philippines

F. MANAGERIAL ETHICS AND CORPORATE SOCIAL

RESPONSIBILITY
1. Managerial Ethics and Criteria for Ethical
Decision Making
2. Approaches to Managerial Ethics
a. Utilitarian Approach
b. Individualistic Approach
c. Moral Rights Approach
d. Justice Approach
e. Social Responsibility

Presented as Partial Fulfilment of the

Requirements in
EDM 321 Advance Educational Management with
Dynamics & Ecology

Submitted to:
LELIA V. MEIMBAN, EdD
Professor

Submitted by:
JENNIE LYN L. GAMBOA
Graduate Student
 January 10, 2021
Managerial Ethics & Corporate Social Responsibility

‘Management Ethics’ is related to social responsiveness of a firm. It is “the discipline

dealing with what is good and bad, or right and wrong, or with moral duty and
obligation. It is a standard of behaviour that guides individual managers in their
works”.

“It is the set of moral principles that governs the actions of an individual or a group.”

Ethical Activities:

1. The foremost goal of managers is to make their organizations effective.

Six Systems of organizational effectiveness:

2. Profit maximization and stakeholders’ interests were not the central goals of the
managers studied.

3. Attending to customers was seen as important.

4. Integrity was the characteristic most highly rated by managers at all levels.

5. Pressure to conform to organizational standards was seen as high.

6. Spouses are important in helping their mates grapple with ethical dilemmas.

7. Most managers seek the advice of others in handling ethical dilemmas.

Types of Management Ethics:

1. Immoral management:

It implies lack of ethical practices followed by managers. Managers want to maximise

profits even if it is at the cost of legal standards or concern for employees.

2. Moral management:

According to moral management ethics, managers aim to maximise profits within the
confines of ethical values and principles. They conform to professional and legal
standards of conduct. The guiding principle in moral management ethics is “Is this
action, decision, or behaviour fair to us and all parties involved?”

3. Amoral management:

This type of management ethics lies between moral and immoral management
ethics. Managers respond to personal and legal ethics only if they are required to do
so; otherwise there is lack of ethical perception and awareness.

There are two types of amoral management:

(a) Intentional:

Managers deliberately avoid ethical practices in business decisions because they

think ethics should be followed in non-business activities.

(b) Unintentional:

Managers do not deliberately avoid ethical practices but unintentionally they make
decisions whose moral implications are not taken into consideration.

Guidelines for Ethical Behaviour:

1. Obey the Law

2. Tell the truth

3. Respect for people

4. ‘Treat others as you would want to be treated’

 5. Do no harm

6. Practice participation-not paternalism

7. Act when you have responsibility

Three ethical decision criteria

1. utilitarian criterion- the goal of utilitarianism is to provide the greatest good for
the greatest number.

2. Rights- this calls on individuals to make decisions consistent with fundamental

liberties and privileges as set forth in documents such as the Bill of Rights. 

3. Justice-this requires individuals to impose and enforce rules fairly and

impartially so that there is an equitable distribution of benefits and costs.

Approaches to Managerial Ethics

1. Utilitarian Approach

Under this approach, a decision maker is expected to consider the effect of each
decision alternative on all parties and select the one that optimizes the satisfaction
for the greatest number of people.

2. Individualism Approach

The individualism approach contends that acts are moral when they promote the
individual’s best long-term interests. Individualism ultimately leads to behavior
toward others that fits standards of behavior people want toward themselves

3. Moral Rights Approach

The moral rights approach asserts that human beings have fundamental rights and
liberties that cannot be taken away by an individual’s decision. Thus, an ethically
correct decision is one that best maintains the rights of those people affected by it.

Six moral rights should be considered during decision making:

1. The right of free consent

2. The right to privacy

3. The right of freedom of conscience

 4. The right of free speech

5. The right to due process

6. The right to life and safety

4. Justice Approach The justice approach holds that moral decisions must be based
on standards of equity, fairness, and impartiality

Types of Justice:

a. Distributive justice

b. Procedural justice

c. Compensatory justice

5. Social responsibility is an ethical theory in which individuals are accountable for

fulfilling their civic duty, and the actions of an individual must benefit the whole of
society. 

"Social responsibility is a personal investment in the well-being of others and

of the planet (Berman, 1990).

Social responsibility in education is a process whereby the whole community

transmits to the next generation appropriate values, traditions, skills and
cultural norms. Service learning promotes good deeds and academic success

Therefore the social responsibility of teachers’ emphasis on how:

1. To create leadership development opportunities for students and to foster a

commitment to social and civic responsibility;

2. To enhance the employability of graduates by providing opportunities to build a

strong resume and to explore career goals;

3. To promote learning both for students and for community members;

4. To play a role in creating capacity in the community to work on complex societal

problems

5. To design a more effective way for the campus to contribute to economic and
community development;
6. To build support for public investment in higher education, both to provide access
and opportunity for students of all backgrounds to pursue an education and to
generate knowledge that will address critical societal needs;

7. Scholarship of Discovery: contributes to the human stock of knowledge and to the

intellectual climate of a college or university.

8. Scholarship of Integration: makes connections across the disciplines, placing the

specialties in larger context—often educating non specialists.

9. “a philosophy of education that empowers individuals, liberates the mind and

cultivates social responsibility.”

10. Challenging encounters with important issues

11. More a way of learning than specific content

12. Prepares students to be intentional learners who can adapt to new environments,
integrate knowledge from different sources and continue to learn throughout their
lives

13. Prepares graduates who will be intentional, empowered, informed and

responsible.

14. Open up boundaries and stimulate the exchange of ideas using some of the
strategies of learning organizations.

15. Celebrate the diversity of the school community. Recognize all of the intellectual
levels of the students and allow them to participate in the community.

16. Use the school woodshop classes to build furniture for homeless shelters.
Involve the art classes in designing the furniture or decorating it. The concept of
learning to use tools and equipment is maintained and the end result is fewer little
projects and one larger project that helps the community and builds a sense of
classroom community.

17. Incorporate environmental literacy into all of the content areas. Teach students
about the interdependence of life forms; that materials flow through our ecosystems;
that we are consumers of resources; that humans have an effect on environmental
systems.
18. Create school democracies that have real power. Allow student governments to
make recommendations to parents and school leadership groups.

19.Encourage students to make small changes through group action.