Manual 37615B SPM-D2-10 - Synchronizing Unit

Analog Controller Outputs

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The analog PID controller forms a closed-loop control loop together with the controlled system (usually a first-
order lag element). The parameters of the PID controller (proportional-action coefficient KP, derivative-action
time TV and reset time Tn) can be modified individually.

Influenciny
Kpr Tn Tv Tt Kp T1
quantity

PID controller Lag element (Tt) Controlled system (PT1)

Figure 5-1: Control loop

If an abrupt disturbance variable is applied to the control loop, the reaction of the controlled system can be rec-
orded at the output as a function of time (step response).

x
xm
Tolerance band

xd
1

T rise Rise time

T sett Settling time
xm Overshoot
xd System deviation

0
0 Trise Tsett t/s

Figure 5-2: Step response (example)

Various values can be obtained from the step response; these are required for adjusting the controller to its opti-
mum setting:

Rise time Trise: Period starting when the value of the control variable leaves a predefined tolerance range for the
control variable following a jump in the disturbance variable or reference input variable and ending the first time
the value re-enters this range.

Setting time Tsett: Period starting when the value of the control variable leaves a predefined tolerance range for
the control variable following a step in the disturbance variable or reference input variable and ending when the
value re-enters this range permanently.

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