Role of Chemical Admixtures in Sustainability The Opportunity

5/27/2013
Role of Chemical Admixtures in Sustainability:
The Opportunity
Charles Nmai, Ph.D., PE, M.ASCE, FACI
BASF Corporation (Admixture Systems)
Cleveland, OH
The Need for Sustainable Construction
The case for green building – current construction is not sustainable
Buildings Consume:
• 70% of all electricity
• 37% of all energy
• 28% of all water
• 30% of wood + materials
Buildings Produce:
 35% solid waste to landfills
 36% CO2 emissions
 45% SO2 emissions
 19% NOx emissions
 10% fine particulate emissions
Worldwide Concrete Industry Concerns
• Greenhouse Gas Emissions
 Cement: 3% of GHG
5% of CO2 (96% wrt concrete production)
• Water Consumption
• Material Resources
• Embodied Energy
 Cement: 85% of Concrete
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Chemical Admixtures
• Primarily used to modify the fresh &
hardened properties of concrete
• Play an important role in the construction of
environmentally friendly, sustainable
concrete structures
• Can help to conserve natural resources
Sustainable Initiatives
Water
 Scarce in some regions of U.S. (and the world)
 Water resources are heavily managed
 Strategies being developed
 water conservation
 use of markets to allocate water
 management practices
Source: U. S. Environmental Protection Agency 5
Chemical Admixtures
One of the primary uses of chemical
admixtures is to reduce mix water content
 Water Conservation
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Benefits of Water‐Reducing Admixtures
Lower W/C Lower W/C
Higher Strength
and Durability Higher Strength
Similar Workability and Durability
Higher Shrinkage and
Heat Development Same Workability
To Increase Strength
(+Cement, - Water)
To Save Cement Similar Strength,

(-Water, -Cement) Durability and
Control Workability
Concrete
Lower Shrinkage and
Heat Development
To Increase Workability
(+ Cement, + Water)
Similar Strength
Similar Strength
Higher Workability and Durability
Higher Shrinkage and Higher Workability

Heat Development
Sustainable Initiatives ‐ Water
U.S. Mix Water Savings with High‐Range Water‐Reducing Admixtures
600,000,000
500,000,000
Annual Water Savings (gal)
400,000,000
300,000,000
200,000,000
100,000,000
0
86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 07
Year
1 gal = 3.785 L 8
In Perspective:
 1.9 billion L (500 million gal)
 ~6% of 33 billion L (8.7 billion gal) U.S. 2008 Bottled Water
Consumption
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Cumulative since 1986
5,000,000,000
4,500,000,000
Cumulative Water Savings (gal)
4,000,000,000
3,500,000,000
3,000,000,000
2,500,000,000
2,000,000,000
1,500,000,000
1,000,000,000
500,000,000
0
86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 '00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 07
Year
1 gal = 3.785 L 10
Cumulative since 1986
In Perspective:
 17.4 billion L (4.6 billion gal)
 ~53% of 33 billion L (8.7 billion gal) U.S. 2008 Bottled
Water Consumption
11
440 Park Avenue, New York, NY
Requirements :
 96.5 MPa + 14.5 MPa overdesign @56 d
 51.4 GPa MOE @ 56 d
 Architectural concrete - white
 No discoloration
 Self consolidating - self leveling
 Smooth surface finish - zero bug holes
 Max. heat of hydration - 71 oC
 Zero visible cracking
 High SCM content – pumpable
Solution:
 Advanced mix optimization
 71% SCM replacement
 Innovative admixture chemistry (HRWR)
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440 Park Avenue, New York, NY
Equivalent Number
Water Savings Total Water Savings Equivalent Number
of 0.5‐L Bottles of
(L/m3) (L/yr) of Truck Washouts
Water
22.7 1,563,750 1,836 3,127,167

Water
Equivalent Number Equivalent Number
Water Savings Total Water Savings
of Loads of Laundry of Showers
(kg/m3) (kg/yr)
(Loads/yr) (Showers/yr)
22.7 1,563,750 10,320 33,794
13.8% Reduction in
Water Requirement
Water‐Reducing Admixtures
Water reducers enable the judicious
use of one of the most precious
natural resources,
 Water
14
Material Resources
 Raw materials for cement production
 Aggregates
15
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Sustainable Initiatives ‐ Materials
Benefits of Chemical Admixtures
• Water‐reducing admixtures
 Lower w/cm
 Less cement
 Higher strength  smaller member sizes
 Lower Permeability
 Improved Durability & increased service life
• Set‐control admixtures
 Reduce perishable nature of concrete
• Workability retention admixtures
 Maintain concrete workability for a defined period
• Durability‐enhancing admixtures
 Help achieve design service lives
16
Hydration‐Control Admixtures
U.S. Dept. of Energy Microwave Tower

Footing; Monument Valley, Utah:
 Several 34 m3 (45 yd3) Concrete Placements

 Batched in Flagstaff, Arizona, 400 km (250 miles)
away
 Haul Time: 8 hours
 Excellent Temperature Control, 17 oC to 19 oC
(63 oF to 66 ºF) Reduce rejected
 Slump decreased from 165 to 100 mm (6.5 to 4 in.) loads
 HCA Dosage: 520 mL/100 kg (8 fl oz/cwt)
17
Workability Retention Admixture
A revolutionary new admixture formulated to control the workability (slump)
retention of concrete without impacting other properties.
120%
100%
• Workability retention
Workability Retained
80%
without retardation
60%
• Dosage flexibility – for
40%
Primary Water Reducer (PWR) flexible levels of
PWR + Low Dosage
20% PWR + Medium Dosage workability retention
PWR + High Dosage
0%
0 20 40 60 80
Time (minutes)
18
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Workability Retention Admixture
• Minimizes retempering or re‐dosing
of high‐range water‐reducing
admixture at the job site
• Promotes greater consistency of
concrete workability, compressive
strength and air content
• Enhanced in‐place performance
• Fewer rejected loads
• Faster truck turn‐around time
19
Re‐use of Returned Concrete
Volume:
 Estimate: 2‐10% concrete production returned to plants
 9.6 – 48 million yd3 (7.3 – 36.7 million m3) annually
Hydration‐Control
Admixtures
20
Returned Concrete and Washwater
Volume:
 Estimate: 2‐10% concrete production returned to plants
 9.6 – 48 million yd3 (7.3 – 36.7 million m3) annually
 Estimate: Typical plant generates 1,400,000 gal (5,300,000 L) washwater annually
21
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Hydration Control Admixtures
Same‐Day Stabilization
HCA‐Treated + Fresh
Concrete
HCA Washwater
Treatment
22
Hydration Control Admixtures
Benefits:
 Reduces landfill waste
 Economical reuse of returned concrete and washwater ‐ sustainability
 Environmental Audit Reports available through patented software
 Promotes community and social responsibility
23
ASR Damaged Pile Cap
24
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• Durability‐enhancing admixtures
 Extend useful service life of concrete structures
2003
1992
The High Cost of Repair
25
Achieving design service lives through the use of low
w/cm, low permeability concrete in combination with
durability‐enhancing admixtures will minimize the need
for major repairs and replacement of concrete structures.
26
Overall, chemical admixtures will extend
useful service life
Conservation of Materials
over Life‐Cycle of Structure
27
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Embodied Energy
28
Embodied Energy
Materials that have a lower overall
embodied energy are more sustainable and
ecologically better than those with a higher
embodied energy
29
Embodied Energy
 Concrete has a low embodied energy relative to

other materials, but…
Source: Tucker, Selwyn (2001). "The Embodied Energy in Buildings" www.dbce.csiro.au/ind‐ 30
serv/brochures/embodied/embodied.htm
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Embodied Energy
 Concrete is the most widely used construction

material in the world, therefore…
Portland cement
accounts for ~85%
Source: Tucker, Selwyn (2001). "The Embodied Energy in Buildings" www.dbce.csiro.au/ind‐ 31
serv/brochures/embodied/embodied.htm
Sustainable Initiatives ‐ Embodied Energy
Potential Embodied Energy Contributed by Chemical Admixtures
Solids1,2 Total2,3 Typical2 Potential Embodied4 Energy

Content, Energy, Dosage, Contribution
Admixture Type % MJ/kg % of cmt
MJ/m3 % of
Concrete
Air entrainer 3 – 14 2.1 0.2 – 0.5 1.4 – 3.5 < 0.1
Normal water reducer 30 – 45 4.6 0.2 – 0.7 3 – 11 0.09 – 0.3
High-range water reducer 30 – 45 18.3 0.5 – 2.2 30 – 135 0.9 – 4.2
Retarder 17 – 46 15.7 0.2 – 0.8 10 – 42 0.3 – 1.3
Accelerator 35 – 50 22.1 0.5 – 2.0 37 – 148 1.2 – 4.6
Waterproofer 10 – 43 5.6
1Reported valid range; 2 source: EFCA – www.efca.info;

3 LCI data for electricity production are based on the European fuel mix;
4 assuming 30-MPa concrete mixture with 335 kg/m3 of cementitious materials (embodied energy of 3180 MJ/m3).
32
Chemical admixtures can be used to
optimize portland cement content without
compromising workability, strength or
durability.
 Reduction in the Embodied Energy of
Concrete
33
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Reducing Embodied Energy of Concrete with SCMs
Chemical admixtures
facilitate the use of
higher replacement
levels of SCMs.
Source:
PCA R&D Serial no. 3011 34
Reducing Placement Energy of Concrete with Admixtures
MRWR, HRWR, VMAs
facilitate concrete
placement & finishing
Reduce jobsite
energy needs
35
Reducing Placement Energy of Concrete with Admixtures
Non SCC SCC
36
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Chemical admixtures will provide a
net benefit in reducing the total
energy associated with a concrete
structure over its life cycle.
37
Chemical Admixtures
Chemical admixtures enable other benefits
from a social responsibility perspective
 Preservation of the environment
38
Sustainable Initiatives – Social Factors
• Hydration‐control admixtures
 Reduce/eliminate return concrete waste & washwater
pollution
• Antiwashout admixtures
 Minimize washout of cement/fines in underwater
concreting
• Specialty concrete mixtures
 Pervious concrete
 Very high‐early strength concrete
39
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Antiwashout Admixtures
Underwater Concreting Challenges:
 Difficult placement
 Washout of cement & fines
 Cloudy surroundings – safety 24
19.1%
20
 Quality of in‐place concrete
% Mass Loss
16
 Environmental concerns 12
 Relatively high cost 8
3.8%
4 1.3%
0
Untreated 10 (650) 15 (975)
Antiwashout dosage fl oz/cwt (mL/100 kg)
40
Antiwashout Admixtures Reduction in washout of cement and fines
Benefits:
 Reduce/eliminate dewatering
costs
 Superior and predictable in‐place
concrete properties
AWA Treatment Untreated Concrete
 Minimizes environmental impact
of cement washout on aquatic
life
 Lower in‐place cost
41
Pervious Concrete  No stormwater collection and disposal
 No contaminated runoff to be treated
 Increased site utilization
 No retention & detention ponds
Challenges:
 Difficult mix to get out of the truck & place
 Additional water added on site (inconsistent
mix quality)
 Short workable life
Admixture System:
 HRWR, MRWR, Hydration Control and VMA
Admixture system facilitates placement
Benefits:
 Allow mix to easily discharge from truck
 No need to add water on site (user friendly)
 Increases workability time
 Improves flow for ease of placement
 Increases compressive strength
 Inhibits paste drain down
42
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Pervious Concrete
43
Heat Island Effects
Dark surfaces contribute towards
 “heat island” effects
 increased lighting requirements
 Energy demands increase for
 cooling
 lighting
Result:
 increased power plant emissions
 heat‐trapping greenhouse gases
Concrete is more light reflective and
MUCH cooler than asphalt
Source: American Concrete Pavement Association (QD 007P) Can help to reduce energy demand on
electric grids
44
Pigments & Liquid‐Coloring Admixtures
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and liquid‐coloring admixtures can be used
to produce “light‐colored” concretes with high SRI values
45
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Bridge Deck & Pavement Repairs
Patented Admixture System:
 Highways, roads, and streets need
replacement  Synthetic high‐range water‐
 Traffic volumes have increased reducing admixture ‐ provides
fluidity and strength
 Motorists can be impatient
 Hydration control (extended‐set)
 ACPA estimates
admixture or workability‐retaining
 Road user delays = 3.7 billion h admixture ‐ provides workability
 2.3 billion gal (8.7 billion L) wasted fuel control
 Increased CO2 emissions
 Accelerating admixture ‐ provides
 FHWA “Highways for Life” program early strength
46
High‐early strength concrete (3 ‐ 4 hours)
Benefits:
 Reduces traffic congestion
 Reduces gasoline waste and
emissions
 Highly durable pavement
increases service life – sustainable
construction
47
Admixtures Facilitate Development of…..
High-Performance
Green Concretes
48
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High‐Performance Green Concrete
Definition – an environmentally preferable, cost-effective concrete

with optimized proportions in which supplementary cementitious
materials and non-cementitious fillers are used with select chemical
admixtures to meet or exceed performance targets.
Utilizes Advanced Concrete Mixture

Optimization Techniques
 Recycled materials
 Specially formulated HRWRs &
workability-retaining admixture
 Improves ease of constructability
 Increases the service-life (durability) of
structures
and it’s ecological and economical !!!
49
Redefining the Concrete Space

Low Workability High
Low Low
H-P Green
Concrete
Porosity
Advanced Optimization
Cost
+
Recycled Materials
+
Chemical Admixtures
Reference
Concrete
High High
Low Durability High
50
Relative performance potential
Sustainable – Quantifying Benefits
Quantifying the Benefits of Sustainability Initiatives
How do we capture the true sustainability
benefits of concrete?
USGBC, GBI, BREEAM???
51
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USGBC – LEED Rating System
The Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Green Building Rating System™
encourages and accelerates global adoption of sustainable green building and development
practices through the creation and implementation of universally understood and accepted
tools and performance criteria.
52
USGBC – LEED Rating System
53
Typical Green Concrete “Buzz Words”

Which Mix is More Sustainable?
 Reduce cement content
Mix A Mix B
 Use more supplementary cementitious
Material (kg/m3) Material (kg/m3)
materials
Cement 307 Cement 335
 Use recycled concrete  Cement for Mix A comes from China – larger CO2 footprint
Mix A Mix B
So how does one know which Material (kg/m3) Material (kg/m3)
mix is more sustainable??? Cement 335 Cement 284
Fly Ash 50
 California project – no fly ash
 Fly ash from east of Mississippi; has carbon footprint
Recycled Content
Mix A Mix B
0 % 20 %
 Depends on recycler efficiency and distance
54
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Current rating systems do not necessarily
capture the overall ecological benefits of
green concrete mixtures.
55
56
Eco‐Efficiency Analysis is a strategic life‐cycle methodology
for comparing the relative ecological and economic efficiencies
of alternative
 Products (like baby diapers or concrete)
 Processes (curing compounds or steam curing)
 Technologies (automobiles or motorcycles)
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EEA Environmental Impact Categories
Environmental Impact Categories
Consumption Emissions Toxicity Risk Consumption Land Use

of Energy Potential Potential of Raw
Materials
• Cumulative • Described by • Potential effect • Potential for • Materials are • Degree of land

energy utilized in categories on human health physical haz. (i.e. weighted development
the production, ‐ Air toxicity wrk. accid. &
work accid. & according to needed to fulfil
needed to fulfill
use, & disposal
use & disposal ‐ Water occupational reserves and the production,
phases ‐ Solids disease) global use, & disposal
use & disposal
• Fossil and • Based on consumption of 1 yd 3 of
renewable published stat. concrete
resources are Air Emissions data (e.g .
included insurance assoc )
Global Warming Potential
Ozone Depletion Potential
Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential
Acidification Potential
58
Eco‐Efficiency Analysis (EEA) of Concrete Mixtures
 An Eco‐Efficiency Analysis methodology for concrete has been
third‐party validated by TÜV Rheinland® (certificate number:
5711150561).
TUV appraises, tests and certifies technical equipment and products
according to international quality standards and then registers those in
compliance.
 Methodology also validated by NSF International. (Protocol P352)
NSF International, a not‐for‐profit, non‐governmental organization,
develops national standards and provides third‐party conformity
assessment services.
 Data acquisition and calculation typically in line with ISO
environmental protocol ISO 14040 and 14044 (ecological part).
59
EEA of Concrete – Cradle to Gate
Cement Aggregate • Receive raw material

• Blast/mine
Production Quarry • Manufacture molecules
• Crush Chemical
Admixtures • Blend ingredients
• Separate sizes
• Store/load/ship
• Store/load/ship
• Mine raw materials
• Reduced usage of
Water
• Heat in kiln potable water
• Grind with gypsum
• Store/load/ship
Concrete Plant
Recycled • Separate and process
Materials • Store/load/ship
EEA concrete analyses can be conducted on ready mixed, precast, manufactured

concrete products, paving, self-consolidating and pervious concrete.
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Eco‐Efficiency Analysis (EEA) of Concrete Mixtures
Eco-Efficiency Analysis can be used to quantify the economical
and ecological impact of Green Concrete mixtures
1. Customized Interactive Program
specifically for concrete mixtures
Eco-Efficiency Analysis
Data gathered from Chemical
Company, Industry Associations,
Government Databases, Contract
Consultants
2. Evaluates environmental and
economical impact of concrete
ingredients based on input
3. Compares five different concrete
mixture proportions for six
environmental impact areas
4. Quantifies environmental and
economical impact for each mix
61
Ecological Analysis
Smaller Carbon Footprint -Volume of Gasoline Equivalent
Emissions Saved
Annualized
Emissions
Example of CO2 emissions,
Annualized Volume
(lb CO2
3
Saved (lb CO2 of Gas Saved energy usage, and annual
Alternative equiv./yd ) equiv./yr) (gal/yr)
water consumption savings
Fly Ash 15% 87 5,245,325 276,070
Fly Ash 40% 235 14,084,608 741,295
and practical equivalents
Slag 50% 254 15,218,338 800,965 compared to reference mix.
Green Sense 247 14,807,727 779,354
Energy Saved - US Homes Equivalent

Environmental impact
Annualized US categories include:
Annualized Energy Savings
Energy Saved Energy Saved Equivalent
Alternative (kWh/yd )
3
(kWh/yr) (homes/yr)  Energy consumption
Fly Ash 15% 69 4,116,295 356  Emissions (air, water, and solid
Fly Ash 40% 181 10,884,852 941 waste)
Slag 50% 158 9,480,149 819  Toxicity potential
Green Sense 199 11,945,185 1,032
 Risk potential
Water Saved - Truck Washout and Bottled Water  Raw material consumption
Equivalent
Equivalent Number of  Use of area (land)
Annualized Annualized 1/2 liter
Water Saved Water Saved Number of Truck Bottles of
3
Alternative (gal/yd ) (gal/yr) Washouts Water
Fly Ash 15% 1 43,217 192 327,155 Based on an annual production of

Fly Ash 40% 3 180,072 800 1,363,145 60,000 yd3 (45,900 m3) of concrete
Slag 50% 4.20 252,101 1,120 1,908,403
Green Sense 7 396,158 1,761 2,998,920
62
Ecological Analysis – Emissions Potential
1,100
1,000
900
800
lb CO2-equivalent/yd3
700
Transportation
600
Admixtures
500 Water
Aggregates
400 Powders
Cement
300
200
100
0
Reference Fly Ash 15% Fly Ash 40% Slag 50% Green
GreenConcrete
Sense
Mix
The impact of each ingredient is determined for each of the

six environmental impact categories and more.
63
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Ecological Fingerprint
Reference Mix
Energy consumption
Fly Ash 15%
Fly Ash 40%
Use of area Emissions
Slag Cement 50%
0.00 Green Sense Concrete
RM consumption Toxicity potential
Risk potential
The four concrete alternatives are shown to be progressively more
environmentally preferable in relation to the Reference Mix.
64
Eco‐Efficiency Profile
0.5
Environmental Impact (normalized)
Reference Mix
Fly Ash 15%
Fly Ash 40%
Slag Cement 50%
Green Sense
1.0
Concrete
1.5
1.5 1.0 0.5
Costs (normalized)
The Green Concrete mixture has the lowest overall environmental burden
and is the most economical to produce.
65
HPGC in Residential Construction
Challenges:
 Homeowner demands for green construction
 Home builders looking to meet demand and
differentiate
Solution:
 Sustainable concrete mixes
 Foundations
 Sidewalks
 Driveways
 Slabs
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HPGC in Residential Construction
Environmental Savings
Parameter Reference Optimized % Savings
3
Energy (kWh/yd ) 388.28 367.40 5.4%
3
Raw Material Resource Consumption (lb/yd ) 45.85 41.33 9.9%
3
Fossil Fuel Consumption (lb/yd ) 17.72 17.14 3.3%
3
Global Warming Potential (lb CO2eq/yd ) 388.33 339.92 12.5%
Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential
0.07 0.07 3.1%
3
[Summer Smog] (lb Ethene eq/yd )
3
Acidification Potential [Acid Rain] (lb SO2eq/yd ) 2.62 2.34 10.5%
3
Solid Waste (lb/yd ) 93.77 83.58 10.9%
2 3
Land Use (ft /yd ) 213.14 210.92 1.0%
120 Home Sub Division

Environmental Optimized Concrete Practical Equivalent
Category Value
Parameter Savings Savings
Energy Energy (kWh) 175,456 Homes: (homes/year) 15

Air Emissions
Carbon Footprint 406,631 Forest: (acres/project) 231
(lb CO2 equiv.)
Acidification Air Emissions
2,317 Air Conditioners:(number/year) 154
Potential (lb SO2 equiv.)
Solid Waste Solid Emissions

85,555 Solid Waste: (persons/day) 17,111
Generation (lb)
Fossil Fuel
Fossil Fuel (lb) 10,864 Barrels of Oil Saved on Project 220
Consumption
World Trade Center Project, New York
 Project Specifications and Other Details:
 4 High Rise Buildings
 WTC 9/11 Memorial
 1 Transportation Hub
 Up to 74% SCM Replacement using fly ash, slag
cement & silica fume
 96.5 MPa @ 28 days
 13.8 MPa overdesign
 Modulus of Elasticity > 48.3 GPa
 Nearly 765,000 m3 to be used
 Required SCC spread of 685 mm
 Specifier – Port Authority of New York / New Jersey
68
96‐MPa Mix 83‐MPa Mix 55‐MPa Mix*
Cement, kg/m3 178 171 178

Fly Ash, kg/m3 42 95 59
Slag Cement, kg/m3 288 294 267
Silica Fume, kg/m3 42 21 ‐‐
SCM Content, percent 68 70 65
s/a 0.41 0.43 0.47
w/cm 0.24 0.26 0.40
PCE HRWR, mL/m3 5,100 4,060 1,930 – 2,320

HCA, mL/m3 1,860 1,930 1,930 – 2,710
Defoamer, mL/m3 620 ‐‐ ‐‐
Workability Retainer, mL/m3 As needed As needed As needed
Slump Flow Spread, mm 685 725 635 – 760
* Winter version of mix. Source: Port Authority of New York / New Jersey 69
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Total Project
Environmental Impacts Environmental Savings
Energy (kWh) 25,402,200 kWh savings
Resource Consumption (kg) 1,261200 kg savings
Fossil Fuel Consumption (kg) 504,570 kg savings
GHG (lb CO2 eq) 15,857,300 kg CO2 reduction
POCP (lb ethene eq) 1,290 kg ethene reduction
AP (lb SO2 eq) 100,830 kg SO2 reduction
Water Production (L) 588,440 L water production savings
Water Emissions (L) 19,860,080 L water emissions savings
Solid Waste (kg) 781,860 kg solid waste savings
Land Use (m2) 206,370 m2 land savings
70
One World Trade Center won The Concrete Producer
“Readers Choice” 2010 Green Site Award
for use of
September 2010 71
San Francisco PUC Building, CA
 Owner: City & County of San Francisco
 General Contractor: Webcor Builders
 Concrete Producer: Central Concrete
 Resilient Post‐Tensioned Concrete Structure
 13‐Story; 277,000 ft2 (25,730 m2)
 LEED® Platinum
 Up to 70% SCM Replacement
 CO2 Emissions – 7.4 x 106 lb (3.4 x 106 kg) net
savings
72
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The Burj Khalifa, Dubai
Project:
 Pushing the boundaries of engineering :‐
height of 2,625 ft (800 m)
 Compressive Strength:‐ 14,500 psi (145 MPa)
 Concrete Volume:‐ 222,340 yd3 (170,000 m3)
Challenge:
 Pumping concrete to formidable heights
Solution:
 Advanced mix optimization
 Fly ash (performance – durability [life cycle]
and heat of hydration control)
 Special PCE admixture
Environmental Benefits and Trade Offs
Solid Waste
Emissions Savings
Equivalent
Solid Waste Mass per Unit Project
Persons/day
Generated Volume Total
12.9 lb/yd3 2,878,825 lb
575,675
(7.6 kg/m3) (1,305,810 kg)
Optimized
31.9% Savings
Optimized
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5/27/2013
BASF Headquarters, Florham Park, NJ
 Developed in partnership with Rockefeller Group  5-story building, 2-story lobby

Development Corporation
 325,000 ft2 (30,190 m2) building with space for
 One of New Jersey’s largest sustainable buildings up to 1,400 people
 Designed to achieve LEED® “Double” Platinum  Construction time: August 2010 to May 2012
certification
 High-Performance Green Concrete used
exclusively
76
BASF Headquarters, Florham Park, NJ
Sustainable design features:
 Water Efficiency
 Indoor water usage is estimated to be reduced by at least 40% by
using low‐flow plumbing fixtures.
 Landscape plan incorporates native and non‐invasive plantings
that require 85% less water to survive.
 Site Development
 Maximize open space: over 40% of site will remain as open
space.
 Natural filtering and recharge of storm water achieves more than
the 80% TSS (total suspended solids) removal rate.
Porous pavement system is made from
 Material Selection 100% post‐consumer recycled glass and
 At least 20% of the materials purchased for the project have polyurethane binder. The system prevents
recycled content, while at least 10% were purchased from local stormwater runoff, allows water to return
suppliers lessening the transportation impacts and benefiting the to natural aquifers and can filter as much
local economy.
as 4,000 L (1,070 gal) of water per hour.
 At least 75% of the construction waste was diverted from
landfills and recycled.
77
BASF Headquarters LEED Points Potential
CATEGORY LEED Core & Commercial

Shell v2.0 Interiors v2009
Sustainable Sites 11/15 15/21
Water Efficiency 4/5 11/11
Energy & Atmosphere 10/14 31/37
Materials & Resources 8/11 7/14
Indoor Environmental Quality 11/11 14/17
Innovation in Design 5/5 3/6
Regional Priority n/a 4/4
PLATINUM 49/61* 85/110*
USGBC’s Highest Achievement
* Total points pending final Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI) review. 78
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5/27/2013
BASF Headquarters EEA Fingerprint
Cement Replacement – 32.9%

Recycled Material Content – 32.2 %
4000 psi (27.6 MPa) High-Performance 5000 psi (34.5 MPa) High-Performance Green
Green Concrete Concrete
4000 psi (27.6 MPa) Mix 5000 psi (34.5 MPa) Mix
79
Environmental Benefits in Human Terms!
Environmental Savings from Green Concrete:
Quantity Practical Equivalence
143,308 0.5‐L bottles
Water Savings 71,654 L
of water
Annual energy used by
Energy Savings 885,010 kWh
69 U.S. homes
CO2 Equivalent
520,923 kg 228,800 L of gasoline
Savings
Sustainable Concrete – In Summary
• Provide Sustainable Concrete Construction
Opportunities
– Reduce water usage & facilitate use of SCMs
– Reduce and help manage returned concrete and washwater
– Help in facilitating stormwater management
– Contribute towards reducing heat island effects
– Reduce energy consumption
– Help protect aquatic life
– Reduce gasoline waste and emissions
– Benefits can be quantified through Eco‐Efficiency Analysis
Performance‐Based Sustainable Construction
81
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5/27/2013
Thank You!
82
28

Role of Chemical Admixtures in Sustainability The Opportunity

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Role of Chemical Admixtures in Sustainability The Opportunity

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5/27/2013

To Save Cement Similar Strength,

Higher Shrinkage and Higher Workability

22.7 1,563,750 1,836 3,127,167

22.7 1,563,750 10,320 33,794

U.S. Dept. of Energy Microwave Tower

 Several 34 m3 (45 yd3) Concrete Placements

 Concrete has a low embodied energy relative to

 Concrete is the most widely used construction

Solids1,2 Total2,3 Typical2 Potential Embodied4 Energy

Air entrainer 3 – 14 2.1 0.2 – 0.5 1.4 – 3.5 < 0.1

Normal water reducer 30 – 45 4.6 0.2 – 0.7 3 – 11 0.09 – 0.3

High-range water reducer 30 – 45 18.3 0.5 – 2.2 30 – 135 0.9 – 4.2

Retarder 17 – 46 15.7 0.2 – 0.8 10 – 42 0.3 – 1.3

Accelerator 35 – 50 22.1 0.5 – 2.0 37 – 148 1.2 – 4.6

1Reported valid range; 2 source: EFCA – www.efca.info;

Antiwashout dosage fl oz/cwt (mL/100 kg)

Definition – an environmentally preferable, cost-effective concrete

Utilizes Advanced Concrete Mixture

Redefining the Concrete Space

Typical Green Concrete “Buzz Words”

Consumption Emissions Toxicity Risk Consumption Land Use

• Cumulative • Described by • Potential effect • Potential for • Materials are • Degree of land

Cement Aggregate • Receive raw material

EEA concrete analyses can be conducted on ready mixed, precast, manufactured

Energy Saved - US Homes Equivalent

Fly Ash 15% 1 43,217 192 327,155 Based on an annual production of

The impact of each ingredient is determined for each of the

120 Home Sub Division

Energy Energy (kWh) 175,456 Homes: (homes/year) 15

Solid Waste Solid Emissions

Cement, kg/m3 178 171 178

PCE HRWR, mL/m3 5,100 4,060 1,930 – 2,320

Workability Retainer, mL/m3 As needed As needed As needed

Slump Flow Spread, mm 685 725 635 – 760

 Developed in partnership with Rockefeller Group  5-story building, 2-story lobby

CATEGORY LEED Core & Commercial

Cement Replacement – 32.9%

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