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(Hypothesis)
F-Ratio = Greater Variance/ Smaller variance
5. Steps in solving anova test
CHI
1. Scale in chi
Nominal level variable
A nominal variable is one in which values serve only as labels, even if those
values are numbers. For example, if we want to categorize male and female
respondents, we could use a number of 1 for male, and 2 for female. However,
the values of 1 and 2 in this case do not represent any meaningful order or carry
any mathematical meaning. They are simply used as labels. Nominal data
cannot be used to perform many statistical computations, such as mean and
standard deviation, because such statistics do not have any meaning when used
with nominal variables.
2. DOF of chi
(No. of rows – 1) * (No. of columns – 1)
3. Chi Square - formulae and calculation
Expected Frequencies :
(Row 1 Total) / (Column 1 total) * (Grand total)
(Row 1 Total) / (Column 2 total) * (Grand total)
(Row 1 Total) / (Column 3 total) * (Grand total)
WILCOXSON
1. Steps of wilcoxson
2. When is wilcoxson method used?
The Wilcoxon signed rank test should be used if the differences between pairs of
data are non-normally distributed. Two slightly different versions of the test exist:
The Wilcoxon signed rank test compares your sample median against a hypothetical
median
3. When do we reject hypothesis in Wilcoxon
Calculated Value
GREATER than Null hypotheses
critical value from NOT REJECTED
Interpretation the table
Calculated Value
Null hypotheses
LESS than critical
REJECTED
value from the table
7. Steps in wilcoxson
CORELATION REGRESSION
1. Difference between correlation and regression
T-test
1. Steps in t test
2. Criterias used in t test
Calculating a t-test requires three key data values. They include the difference between
the mean values from each data set (called the mean difference), the standard deviation
of each group, and the number of data values of each group. The outcome of the t-
test produces the t-value.
3. Why do we use t test, formula, independent and dependent samples
with example
Dependent –
Independent –
R Square
1. What is rsquare
R-squared is a statistical measure of how close the data are to the
fitted regression line. It is also known as the coefficient of determination.
In statistics, the coefficient of determination, denoted R² or r² and pronounced "R
squared", is the proportion of the variance in the dependent variable that is predictable
from the independent variable.
2. how do you calculate r^2
3. R square interpretation
The most common interpretation of r-squared is how well the regression
model fits the observed data. For example, an r-squared of 60% reveals
that 60% of the data fit the regression model. Generally, a higher r-
squared indicates a better fit for the model.
R-squared is a statistical measure of how close the data are to the fitted regression
line.
GENERAL
All arithmetic operations are possible on a ratio variable. An example of a ratio variable
would be weight (e.g., in pounds). We can accurately say that 20 pounds is twice as
heavy as 10 pounds. Additionally, ratio variables have a meaningful zero-point (e.g.,
exactly 0 pounds means the object has no weight). Other examples of ratio variables
include gross sales of a company, the expenditure of a company, the income of a
company, etc.
A ratio variable can be used as a dependent variable for most parametric statistical tests
such as t-tests, F-tests, correlation, and regression.
6. What is hypothesis
A statistical hypothesis is a hypothesis that is testable on the basis of observed data
modeled as the realised values taken by a collection of random variables.
7. Pooled standard deviation
8. F test