Computer Vision

Chapter 3
Image Enhancement in Spatial Domain
Speaker
Dr. Divya BS
Assistant Professor In CSE
Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru
Email: divya.cs.et@msruas.ac.in Tel: +91-804-536-6666 Ext:2213

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 Recap
• Enhancement Using Arithmetic/Logic Operations
– AND Mask
– OR Mask
– Image Subtraction
– Image Averaging
• Basics of Spatial Filtering
– Smoothing Spatial Filters

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 Today’s Class
• Order-Statistics Filters
– Median
• Sharpening Spatial Filters
– Second Derivative Spatial Filters
– First Derivative Spatial Filters

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 Order-Statistics Filters

(a) X-ray image of circuit board corrupted by salt-and-pepper noise. (b) Noise reduction with a
3X3 averaging mask. (c) Noise reduction with a 3X3 median filter. (Original image courtesy of Mr.
Joseph E. Pascente, Lixi, Inc.)

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 Sharpening Spatial Filters
• A basic definition of the first-order derivative of a
one-dimensional function f(x) is the difference

• Similarly, we define a second-order derivative as

the difference

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 Second Order Derivative (Laplacian Mask)

(a) Filter mask used to implement the digital Laplacian,

as defined in Eq. (3.7-4). (b) Mask used to implement an
extension of this equation that includes the diagonal
neighbors. (c) and (d) Two other implementations of the
Laplacian.

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 (a) Image of the North Pole of the moon. (b) Laplacian filtered image. (c) Laplacian image
scaled for display purposes. (d) Image enhanced by using Eq. (3.7-5). (Original image courtesy
of NASA.)

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 Composite Laplacian mask

(a) (b)
Original image

Processed using the Processed using the

above (a)composite above (b)composite
mask mask
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 First order Derivatives for Enhancement
Sobel operators

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 Example for First order Derivatives for
Enhancement

(a) Optical image of contact lens (note defects on the boundary at 4 and 5
o’clock). (b) Sobel gradient. (Original image courtesy of Mr. Pete Sites,
Perceptics Corporation.)
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 Learning Out Comes
• Order-Statistics Filters
– Median
• Sharpening Spatial Filters
– Second Derivative Spatial Filters
– First Derivative Spatial Filters

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 Thank You

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