Cancer is a complicated set of diseases with complex and multifactorial etiology.

Known risk factors

for various cancers only partly explain cancer incidence among adult populations. While genetic
factors play a role in cancer development, there is a general agreement that non-genetic factors,
including tobacco smoke, air pollutants, certain viruses and bacteria, occupational hazards, and
dietary factors contribute to cancer causation.

Different cases should be selected for studies on the basis of gender, age, region, life style and
habits etc and should examine whether cancers are common among the children with higher birth
weight. Various data needs to be collected like what type of cancers occur among males and
females of different ages, weights, life style, food habits etc. These datas can be collected from :

1) all cancer sites combined,

2) gynecologic cancers, and

3) several site-specific cancer sites.

For example, consider the data obtained as follows:

The main results obtained are as follows:

From this, we can infer that:

concordant pairs are 8 and 38;

discordant pairs are 18 and 7;

cross ratio or odds ratio (matched pairs) = 18/7 = 2.57