ِ

ُ ‫س الثَّال‬
‫ث‬ ‫ر‬ َّ
‫الد‬
ُ ْ
The third lesson
‫الع َربيَّ ِة‬
َ
ِ ‫ا ْْلملَةُ ِِف اللُّ ِغ‬
‫ة‬ ُْ
The sentence in the Arabic language

• The sentence is a group of words which make a

complete meaning or sense
• Mohammed is a man ‫ُُمَ َّم ٌد َر ُج ٌل‬
• In Arabic there are 2 Kinds of sentences:
• )1( ‫االْسيَّة‬ ْ ُ‫ اْلُ ْملة‬The nominal sentence
• It starts with a noun ‫اسم‬ ٌ
• ‫ور‬ٌ‫س‬ ُ ‫ال َقلَ ُم َم ْك‬ The pen is broken
• (2) ‫الف ْعلِيَّة‬ِ ‫ اْلملَة‬The verbal sentence
ُْ
• It starts with a verb ‫عل‬ ِ‫ف‬
ٌ
ُ ‫ يَل‬the boy plays
• ‫ْعب الول ُد‬
 ‫اْلُ ْملةُ االْسيَّة‬
• In English sentence normally starts with a subject
• But in Arabic the nominal sentence ‫ اْلملةُ االْسية‬starts
with a noun

ٌ ‫ُُم َّم ٌد‬

• ‫طبيب‬ Mohammed is a doctor
• “Mohammed” in English is a subject
• “is a doctor” In English we call it predicate
• In Arabic ,Most of the time nominal sentence starts with a
definite noun but Most of the time the second part of the
nominal Arabic sentence is indefinite noun
the house ‫ت‬ُ ‫البَ ْي‬ a house ‫ت‬
ٌ ‫• بَ ْي‬
The pen ‫ال َقلَ ُم‬ a pen ‫• قَ لَ ٌم‬
 The house is near ‫يب‬
ٌ ‫ت قَر‬ ُ ‫البي‬
ْ •
the pen is broken ‫ور‬
ٌ‫س‬ ‫ك‬ْ
ُ ُ ‫م‬ ‫م‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫ق‬َ ‫ال‬ •
‫ب‬ ِ‫• ُُم َّم ٌد طال‬
Mohammad is a student ٌ
In Arabic, nominal sentence consists of two parts.
First part ُ‫ املُْبتدأ‬we call it subject in English and
the second part is ‫ اخلَبَ ُر‬we call it predicate in
English, it also means “news”
Subject = ُ‫املُْبتدأ‬
Predicate = news =‫اخلرب‬
In the most of the time ‫املُبتدأ‬and ‫ اخلََرب‬Are ٌ‫مرفوع‬
nominative case
 ‫‪Examples‬‬
‫أَمثِل ٌة‬
‫‪The door is opened‬‬ ‫وح‬
‫ْباب َم ْفتُ ٌ‬
‫• ال ُ‬
‫اب ‪ُ :‬م ْب تَدأٌ‬
‫• البَ ُ‬
‫مرفُوعٌ‬ ‫الباب ‪ْ :‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫•‬
‫ع ‪• If the noun‬‬ ‫‪ above the last letter of the‬ض َّمةٌ ‪ْ normally we Put‬‬
‫مرفو ٌ‬
‫‪noun‬‬
‫الباب ‪ُ :‬م ْبتدأٌ َم ْرفوعٌ َّ‬
‫ابلضمة‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫•‬
‫توح ‪ :‬خربٌ‬‫م ْف ٌ‬ ‫•‬
‫مفتوح ‪ :‬مرفوعٌ‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫•‬
‫ابلضمة‬
‫َّ‬ ‫مرفوعٌ‬
‫مفتوح ‪َ :‬خبَ ٌر ْ‬
‫ٌ‬ ‫•‬
 ‫يل‬ ‫• الْ َقمر َِ‬
‫َج‬
‫‪The moon is beautiful‬‬ ‫ُ ٌ‬
‫• ال َق َم ُر‬
‫َم ْع ِرفَةٌ‬ ‫• ‪Definite‬‬
‫مرفوعٌ‬ ‫الْ َق َم ُر ‪ْ :‬‬ ‫•‬
‫مر ‪ُ :‬م ْبتدأٌ‬
‫ال َق ُ‬ ‫•‬
‫ابلض ِ‬
‫مة‬ ‫مرفوعٌ َّ‬ ‫ال َق َم ُر ‪ُ :‬م ْبتدأٌ ْ‬ ‫•‬
‫يل‬
‫ََج ٌ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪ Indefinite‬نَ ِكرةٌ‬ ‫•‬
‫يل ‪ :‬مرفوعٌ‬ ‫ََج ٌ‬ ‫•‬
‫يل ‪ :‬خربٌ‬‫ََج ٌ‬ ‫•‬
‫ِ‬
‫ابلضمة‬ ‫يل ‪ :‬خربٌ مرفوعٌ‬ ‫ََج ٌ‬ ‫•‬
‫‪opposite‬‬ ‫ضاد‬
‫املُ َ‬ ‫‪word‬‬ ‫• الكلمة‬
‫ف‬
‫َواق ٌ‬‫ِ‬ ‫س‬ ‫جالِ‬
‫َ ٌ‬
‫ُمغْلَ ٌق‬ ‫وح‬
‫َم ْفتُ ٌ‬
‫يف‬‫نَ ٌ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ظ‬ ‫َو ِس ٌخ‬
‫َحار‬ ‫َاب ِرٌد‬
‫بَ ِعي ٌد‬ ‫يب‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ر‬ ‫قِ‬
‫ٌ‬
‫يل‬ ‫ثَِ‬
‫ق‬ ‫يف‬‫َخ ِف ٌ‬
‫ٌ‬
‫قَ ِد ٌي‬ ‫َج ِدي ٌد‬
‫ري‬ ‫صِ‬
‫غ‬
‫َ ٌ‬ ‫َكبريٌ‬
‫ري‬ ‫ق‬‫فَِ‬ ‫غَ ِِن‬
‫ٌ‬
 ‫اْلَ ْم ُع‬ ‫املُْف َر ُد‬

‫قَ ِريبو َن‬ ‫‪near‬‬

‫قَ ِر ٌ‬
‫يب‬
‫ب‬ ‫ِ‬
‫أَقَا ُ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ريب ‪relative‬‬ ‫قَ ِ‬
‫بَ ِعيدو َن‬ ‫بَ ِعي ٌد‬
‫َجالِسو َن‬ ‫س‬
‫َ ٌ‬
‫جالِ‬
‫ُج ُد ٌد‬ ‫َج ِدي ٌد‬
‫ار‬ ‫ب‬‫كِ‬ ‫ري‬ ‫َكبِ‬
‫ٌَ‬ ‫ٌ‬
‫ار‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ص‬‫ِ‬ ‫ري‬ ‫صِ‬
‫غ‬
‫ٌَ‬ ‫َ ٌ‬
 The kinds of hamzah
‫ص ِل‬
ْ ‫الو‬
َ ‫ة‬
ُ‫ز‬َ ‫َه‬
ْ ‫و‬َ ‫ع‬ْ‫ط‬ ‫ق‬
َ ‫ال‬ ‫ة‬
ُ‫ز‬َ ‫َه‬
َْ
• There are two kinds of Hamzah
• 1- ‫ َهزةُ ال َقطْ ِع‬it usually comes in the beginning
of the word
• We must write it above or under Alif.
• And we must pronounce it in the beginning
of the sentence or in the middle or in the
end
‫سامةُ – أُم – أَب‬ ُ
‫أ‬ - ‫يم‬ ِ ‫ إبر‬- ‫• أَمحد‬
ِ‫ا‬
َ ُ ْ
‫يم‬ ِ ‫ وإبر‬- ‫وأَمحد‬we pronounce it
ِ‫ا‬
• If we say
ُ َْ َ
• May be it comes in the middle of the word like
• 2- ‫ص ِل‬
ْ ‫ َهزةُ ال َْو‬it comes only in the beginning of the word
• we don’t write it above or under Alif
• We pronounce it if it comes in the beginning of speech only
• But we don’t pronounce it if we put another word before ‫همزة‬
‫الوصل‬
• Any word starts with ‫ ال‬it is ‫َهزة وصل‬
ِ ُ‫لسر ُير – ا َلولَ ُد – امل‬
‫درس‬ َّ ‫تاب – ال َقلَ ُم – ا‬ ِ ‫• ا‬
‫لك‬
ُ
‫تاب – َوال َقلَ ُم‬ ِ ‫و‬we don’t pronounce it
‫الك‬
• If we say
ُ َ
• Notice : That is no difference in pronouncing between
ُ‫سامة‬ُ
‫أ‬ - ‫تاب‬ ِ ‫ا‬
‫لك‬
َ ُ •
• Notice : The difference in pronouncing between

ُ‫سامة‬ُ
‫أ‬‫و‬ - ‫تاب‬ ِ ‫• وا‬
‫لك‬
َ َ ُ َ
 ‫ين‬ِ
ٌ َْ‫َت‬
‫ر‬
• What is the Kind of hamzzah in these
sentences?
ِ ‫زة ِف‬
ِ ُ‫ِذه اْل‬
‫مل؟‬ ِ ‫• ما نوع اهلم‬
ْ ُْ
َ‫• أَمح ُد أَ ْكبَ ُر من أُسامة‬
• Ahmed is older than Osama
ِ ‫ت اْلدي ُد أوسع ِمن الب ْي‬
‫ت ال َق ِد ِي‬ ُ ‫ي‬ ِ
ْ ‫• الب‬
َ َ َُْ َ
• The new house is larger than the old house
 ‫الش ْم ِسيَّ ُة‬ ُ ُ‫وف الْ َق َم ِريَّةُ واحل‬
َّ ‫روف‬ ُ ‫احلُُر‬
lunar letters and solar letters
“moon letters and sun letters”
There are 28 constant Arabic letter, except
for Alif. It has no speech sound
We have 14 letters we call them “The moon
letters” or
ُ ‫ا ْحلُُر‬
‫وف ال َق َمريَّة‬
And we have 14 letters we “call them ِ
“The sun letters” or
‫الش ْم ِسيَّة‬
َّ ‫روف‬
ُ ُ‫احل‬
‫ءبتثجحخدذر زس‬
‫شصضطظعغفقكل‬
‫منِ وي‬
 The differences between
َّ ‫وف ال‬
‫ش ْمسيَّة‬ ُ ‫ْال ُح ُر‬
ُ ‫وف القَ َمريَّةُ َوال ُح ُر‬
• ‫روف القَ َمريَّة‬
ُ ‫ْال ُح‬
• 1- ‫ َه ْمزة‬here is ‫همزَ ة ُ وصل‬
• 2- ‫الالَّ ُم‬here there is no vowel sign on it, so we
put ‫كون‬ ٌ ‫س‬ ُ above ‫ الالَّم القَ َمريَّة‬that is mean when we
pronounce it we put skoon above lam
• ٌ‫أ َْمثلَة‬
‫اب‬
ُ َ‫ اَلْب‬: ‫ابب‬ ٌ •
‫ اَلْ َق َم ُر‬: ‫قَ َم ٌر‬ •
‫ اَلْ َف ُم‬: ‫فَ ٌم‬ •
ُ‫ اَ ْهلَواء‬: ٌ‫َِ َواء‬ •
‫الش ْم ِسيَّة •‬
‫روف َّ‬
‫ا ْحلُ ُ‬
‫َهزةُ وصل ‪َ here is‬ه ْمزة ‪• 1-‬‬
‫َ‬
‫احلروف الشمسية ‪with‬الالم ‪• 2-We don't pronounce‬‬
‫الم ‪• 3- we put Shaddah on the letter after‬‬
‫أمثلة‬
‫الت ِ‬
‫َّاج ُر‬
‫ب‬ ‫الث َّْو ُ‬
‫ب‬
‫َ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫َّ‬
‫الذ‬