[LAPAROSCOPIC EQUIPMENT AND

INSTRUMENTATION PART 2]
[DATE]

I. LAPAROSCOPIC TOWER  Aspect ratio

 Standard distance
 Made up of o 4 -5x the height of the screen
o Video monitors LCD Monitors
o Laparoscopes
o Camera  Lessens eye strain
o Video processor  Faster frame rate
o Light source  Little to no glare
o Light cable  More jacks for input & output connections
o Gas insufflator
III. LAPAROSCOPES
o Suction – irrigation system
 Commonly uses a rod, which houses a LENS SYSTEM
o Reflects light into the viewing field
 Parts:
o Objective lens system
o Rod lens assembly
o Ocular lens/Eyepiece
o Light post
o Light channel

II. VIDEO MONITOR

 Medium through which the surgeon interacts

 Projects images that are soothing to the eye without
sacrificing depth and clarity
 Images displayed differ in quality
o Consumer grade – least detail
o Commercial grade – slightly higher Types of Laparoscope
resolution
o Medical grade – best resolution  0 Degrees Scope
 Medical grade: o Provides a well-lit panoramic view of the
o Safe field
o Durable o For straightforward procedures that
o Accurate and precise require little maneuvering within the
o High contrast ratio cavity
o Glare resistant o Difficult to use in cases where viewing is
 Flat screens for space saving obstructed, or the field is construed with
 Size: 19 inches obstacles
 New features:  30 Degrees Scope
o Sterile touch function o Used in cases where viewing is obstructed,
o 3D Imaging or the field is construed with obstacles
Image quality o Has limited lighting
o Allows other instruments space to
o Observer dependent mobilize within an already tight workspace
 Distance from bearer o Requires more time to master its
o Observer independent application
 Size  Flexible Scope
 Type

Transcribed by: Surname, First MI. BLOCK 3// page 1 of 3

[LAPAROSCOPIC EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION PART 2] [DATE]

o Able to view structures that are hidden  RGB (Red-Blue-Green)

from the view of a rigid endoscope o Has the best image resolution among
o Relay system used is a fiber bundle analog signals
o Illuminating light is carried by the same  Y/C or S-video
tubular shaped casing but separated from o Carries two signals, one for light intensity
the image relaying bundles and synchronization and one for
chrominance
IV. CAMERA
 Composite video
o Has the poorest image resolution among
 Uses a different semiconductor system to relay
analog signals
images
 Components of camera head  Digital
o Photo CCD o Permits high definition image resolution
o Lens focusing ring (+/-) mechanical zoom
o Water resistant casing and integrated
cable
o Control button for white balance
o Control button for starting and stopping
digital recording
o Control button for capturing images
o Universal coupler for the scope Camera CCU
attachment
Charged Coupled Device (CCD)  Connects various aspects of the HD imaging chain
 Capturing and processing video signals from the
 Is an integrated camera system designed to camera head for display to the monitor
transform light images  Transfer of existing recording and printing devices
 Transmit them as electric energy to photosites
V. VIDEO RECORDER
where this same energy generates signals to a single
pixel
 Stores data images
 Usual best resolution for surgical camera: 450k
 Collected for future review of the surgical
pixels
proceedings
White Balance

 Removes unwanted colors from a white background

 Rendering a real image “whites” to appear similar or
closely approximated in digital form
Autofocus

 Automatically focuses the camera according to the

distance between the camera and the object
 Considered as a hindrance for than useful in most
cases VI. LIGHT SOURCE
Zoom
 Halogen/halide lamps – old
 A digital zoom  Xenon or LED lamps
 Achieved by magnification of the pixels combined o Produces cold light
with cropping of the image
 Results to deterioration of resolution and sharpness
of images rapidly
Image Capture

 Permits snapshots of the video which can be

captured from the camera head
 Allows the surgeon to take and save them into a
storage device or to a printing device
Camera Connection
[LAPAROSCOPIC EQUIPMENT AND INSTRUMENTATION PART 2] [DATE]

CO2 Gas Filter

 Used between the pump and the trocar

Video System/Light Source  Incorporated into the insufflation tubing
 Virus filtration efficiency (VFE) – 99.99%
 (+) Hydrophobic membranes
Warmed CO2 Insufflation

 Decreased time spent in cleaning the laparoscope

 Decreased time spent changing warm saline
 Decreased time spent using anti-fog
CO2 Tank

 Normal pressure: 1000 psi

Thermoflator

 To heat insufflate to a maximum of 35.4C

 Once it is reached, automatically increases the flow
to 30L/min
IX. IRRIGATION AND SUCTIONING DEVICES

VII. LIGHT CABLE

 Fiber optic bundles cabled together are constructed

from an assemblage of fibers of either glass or
plastic with a diameter of 20 to 150 microns each
 The higher diameter of the fiber optic bundle, the
higher the heat generated
X. 3D LAPAROSCOPY

 Stereoscopic vision (3D)

 Space and depth of field
XI. SUMMARY

 Length: 1.5-3 meters  Laparoscopic surgery has progressed due to

 Durable silicone outer sheath advances in technology and imaging
 Stainless steel adapters  Understanding of the basic technology behind each
VIII. GAS INSUFFLATOR equipment/tool is essential in performing a SAFE
laparoscopic surgery
 High flow insufflation pump with both low flow and
high flow settings
 Initial flow rate: 3-5L/min