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Team Selection Test 4
Physics Enhancement Programme 2015‐2016
Department of Physics, HKBU The Hong Kong Academy for Gifted Education
Rules and Regulations
1. Answer all the questions in the answer book provided.
2. Full mark of this written selection test is 100 Marks.
3. The selection test is a 3‐hour written test.
Useful Constants
Unless specified otherwise, the following symbols and constants will be used in this exam paper.
Astronomical Unit, 1 AU = 1.496×108 km Air density at the sea level = 1.2 kg m‐3
Gas Constant = 8.31 J/(molK)
Earth‐Moon Distance, d = 384,400 km
Velocity of Light in Vacuum, c = 3108 ms‐1
Mass of the Sun, MS = 1.991030 kg
Specific Heat of Water, CW = 4200 J/(kgK)
Mass of the Earth, Me = 5.971024 kg
Mass of the Moon, Mm = 7.351022 kg Planck Constant, h = 6.63×10‐34 Js
Radius of the Sun, RS = 696300 km Stefan–Boltzmann Constant, = 5.67×10‐8 W m−2 K−4
Radius of the Earth, RE = 6370 km Charge of Electron, e = 1.6×10‐19 C
Radius of the Moon, RM = 1738 km Mass of Electron, me = 9.1×10‐31 kg
Gravitational Constant G = 6.6710‐11 m3 kg‐1 s‐2 Mass of Neutron, mn = 1.68×10‐27 kg
Acceleration due to Gravity, g = 9.8 ms‐2 Coulomb Constant, ke = 8.988109 N m2/C2
Trigonometric Identities:
1
sin x y sin x cos y cos x sin y sin x cos y sin x y sin x y
2
1
cosx y cos x cos y sin x sin y cos x cos y cosx y cos x y
2
1
sin 2 x 2 sin x cos x sin x sin y cosx y cos x y
2
cos2 x cos2 x sin 2 x
Tayler Series: Series Summation:
x3 x5 m
mm 1
sin x x
6 120
k
k 1 2
x2 x4
m
m m 12m 1
cos x 1 k2
6
2 24 k 1
mm 1
2
x 3 2x 5 m
tan x x
3 15
k 1
k3
2
x 2 x3
exp x 1 x
2 6
1
APhO Team Selection Test 4
Physics Enhancement Programme 2015‐2016
Department of Physics, HKBU The Hong Kong Academy for Gifted Education
Hyperbolic functions:
d
sinh x cosh x sinh( x y ) sinh x cosh y cosh x sinh y
dx
d
cosh x sinh x cosh( x y ) cosh x cosh y sinh x sinh y
dx
d
tanh x 1 2
dx cosh x
Sketch of hyperbolic functions
sinh (x) cosh (x)
tanh (x)
2
APhO Team Selection Test 4
Physics Enhancement Programme 2015‐2016
Department of Physics, HKBU The Hong Kong Academy for Gifted Education
1. [ 8 Marks ] A spacecraft is launched on the Earth’s equator to achieve an elliptical orbit about the Sun with perihelion at
the Earth’s orbit and aphelion at the Mars orbit. The elliptical orbit is described by the polar coordinates (r, ) system:
1
r .
1 cos
The mean distance between the Sun and the Mars is 1.5 AU (Astronomical Unit), whereas the mean distance between the
Sun and the Earth is 1.0 AU.
(a) Find the values of the orbital parameters and .
(b) Calculate the time duration for the spacecraft to travel to Mars orbit.
2. [ 20 Marks ] A solid sphere (mass m, radius b) is initially rest at = 0 on another fixed sphere (radius a), where a > b (Fig.
Q2a). The small sphere is placed on the top most position of the fixed sphere and start the roll‐down motion from rest with
an angle of (Fig. Q2b). The coefficient of static friction is . Express your answers [Part (a) to (e)] in terms of a, b, g
(acceleration due to gravity), , , , , and/or .
(a) What is the moment of inertia of the upper sphere about its central axis?
(b) Write down the relationship between and for the upper sphere pure rolling on the lower sphere.
(c) Find the equation of motion where the sphere rolls without slipping.
(d) Find the relation (equation) between and .
(e) Assume 0 0 t , solve the equation in Part (d) for t .
Hints:
1. 1 cos 2 sin 2 2
Rolling Sphere
b
a
Fixed Sphere
[Left] Fig Q2a, [Right] Fig Q2b.
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APhO Team Selection Test 4
Physics Enhancement Programme 2015‐2016
Department of Physics, HKBU The Hong Kong Academy for Gifted Education
3. [ 6 Marks ] A 35 mm* camera consists of a lens (focal length 50 mm) and is used to take a photo of an object (height 180
cm) to form an image (height 30 mm) on the film.
(a) How far the object from the camera, and how far the film from the camera that the object and film should be located?
(b) If the camera aperture is 1 cm, estimate the best resolution obtainable on the film. You may use the = 500 nm as the
light wavelength.
* 35 mm camera refers to the width of the negative film.
4. [ 22 Marks ] A Helmholtz coil is a device to produce a region of nearly uniform magnetic field, which consists of 2 identical
electromagnet solenoids (radius R, n turns in each of the coil, same current I through the coil) on the same axis with a
separation of R (Fig. Q4).
y
Part c (i) electron
(0, 0, 0)
Coil S1 Coil S2
Fig Q4a [Left]. Helmholtz coil. Illustration is modified from Wikipedia; Fig Q4b [Right]. Electron under the magnetic field of Helmholtz coil.
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APhO Team Selection Test 4
Physics Enhancement Programme 2015‐2016
Department of Physics, HKBU The Hong Kong Academy for Gifted Education
5. [ 14 Marks ] Vacuum‐insulated window glass is fabricated to cut heat loss. The construction is to allow vacuum in between
two panes of glass (Fig. Q5a). To evaluate the reduction of radiation loss, the vacuum‐insulated window is approximated to 2
infinite sheets with emissivity equal to 1, and is separated by a vacuum space. The indoor and outdoor temperatures are Tin
and Tout (Tin > Tout), respectively.
(a) Find the energy flux (J) between the 2 sheets at equilibrium (Fig. Q5a). You may only consider radiation transfer. Express
your answer in terms of Tin, Tout, and (the Stefan‐Boltzmann constant). Hint: Energy flux is the rate of energy transfer
through a surface.
(b) A technique to reduce radiation loss is to introduce a heat shield (reflectivity R) in the vacuum space (Fig. Q5b). Find the
equilibrium temperature of the heat shield. Express your answer in terms of Tin and Tout.
(c) Calculate the energy flux (Js) from indoor to outdoor through the heat‐field vacuum‐insulated window (Fig. Q5b). Express
your answer in terms of J and R.
(d) If R = 0.95, compare the energy flux with and without the heat shield, that is, find Js / J.
Heat
Shield
Vacuum Vacuum
Fig Q5a. Vacuum‐insulated window Fig Q5b. Heat‐shield vacuum‐insulated window
6. [ 30 Marks ] A diffraction experiment was performed to determine the diameter (d) of a thin wire. The experimental
configuration is illustrated in Fig. Q6a. A collimated laser beam (wavelength, = 532 nm) was directed to strike on the wire,
which was mounted on a sample holder. The diffraction pattern (Fig. Q6b) was observed on a screen of a sheet of graph
paper. A small division on the graph paper represents a dimension of 1 mm 1 mm. The distance between the screen and
the sample holder is D, and the distance between the sample holder and laser is S.
(a) What is the orientation of the wire? Hint: Is it along the x‐, y‐, or z‐axis; or is it diagonal on the x‐y plane?
(b) Derive an expression of xm where the diffraction intensities are minimum. Express your answer in terms of , m (the order
of diffraction), d, D, and/or S.
(c) Extract the data points as many as possible from the diffraction pattern (Fig. Q6b), where the data points can be used to
determine the diameter of the wire. Hint: You may want to represent your data points by means of a table of 2 columns. Also
indicate the titles (with units if any) of the 2 columns.
(d) Draw your extracted data points on a graph.
(e) If D = 1.2 m, S = 1 cm, find regression equation and the slope of the graph in Part (d). Determine the diameter of the wire.
(f) If there is 5% error in measuring xm, find the error in the wire diameter.
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APhO Team Selection Test 4
Physics Enhancement Programme 2015‐2016
Department of Physics, HKBU The Hong Kong Academy for Gifted Education
y
x
z
Sample Holder Laser
Fig Q6a. Diffraction Experiment.
1 mm
1 mm
y
x
Fig Q6b. Diffraction Pattern.
‐‐‐ THE END ‐‐‐
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