Question 1:In a chemical process the heat transfer from a surface to a distilled water is increased by

providing a number of thin fins each 50 mm long and 2 mm thick.

The metal fins are coated with a 0.15 mm thick layer of plaster to prevent the ionisation of water and
the ends of the fin are attached to the insulated wall.The temperature of the base of the fin is
80`C,mean water temperature is 20`C and the heat transfer coefficient between the water and the
plastic coating is 250 W/m^2-K.Determine the temperature at the tip of fins ,and fin efficiency.Thermal
conductivities for the fin material and the plastic are 205 W/mk and 0.55 W/mk respectively.

Question 2:The cylindrical head of an engine is 1m long and has an outside diameter of 50 mm.Under
typical operating conditions,the outer surface of the head is at a temperature of 150`C and is exposed to
ambient air at 40`c with a convective coefficient of 80 kJ/m^2-hr-deg.The head has been provided with
12 longitudnal straight fin which are 0.75 mm thick and protrude 2.5 cm from the cylindrical
surface.Workout the increase in heat dissipation due to addition of fins.Also calculate the temperature
at the centre of the fin.

it may be presumed that the fins have insulated tips and that the thermal conductivity of the cylinder
head and the fin material is 260 kJ/m-hr-deg.

Question 3:A steel rod (k=30 W/m-deg) 1cm in diameter and 5 cm long protudes from a wall which is
maintained at 100`C.The rod is insulated at the tip and is exposed to an environment with h=50 W/m^2-
deg and t(a)=30`C.calculate the fin efficiency,temparture at the tip of fin and the rate of heat dissipation.

Question 4:A steam main 75mm inside diameter and 90mm outside diameter is lagged with two
successive layers of insulation .The layer in contact with the pipe is 38mm asbestos and the asbestos
layer is covered with 25mm thick magnesia insulation.The surface coefficients for the outside and inside
surfaces are 6.8 W/m^2-K and 227 W/m^2-K respectively.If the steam temperature is 375`C and the
ambient temperature is 35`C,calculate the steady loss of heat from steam for 60m length of pipe.Also
workout the overall coefficient of heat transfer based on the inside and outside surfaces of the lagged
steam main.Comment upon the important generalistion of your result.

Thermal conductivity values are :

pipe material:45 W/m-K

Asbestos:0.14 W/m-K

Magnesia Insulation:0.07 W/m-K

Question 5:A steam pipe,7.5 cm external diameter and 25m long,conveys 1000kg of steam per hour at a
pressure of 20 bar.The steam enters the pipe with dryness fraction 0.98 and it is required that the steam
at exit from the pipe must have a minimum dryness fraction of 0.96.The task is accomplished by suitably
lagging the pipe;the thermal conductivity of the lagging being 0.7 kJ/m-hr-deg.Neglecting thermal
resistance of the steam pipe (no temperature drop across the steam pipe,determine the minimum
thickness of lagging required to meet the necessary conditions.The temperature at the outside surface
of lagging is taken as 25`C.

Also detremine the temperature at the point half way between the inner and outer surfaces.

Question 6:A 25 cm thick slab is made of a material having thermal conductivity of 40 W/m-
K.Measurements indicate that temperature variation within the slab can be prescribed by the relation:

t(x)=100+200x-400x^2

where t is in `C and x is the distance measure from one face in meters.Make calculation for the
temperature,temperature gradients and heat flow at the planes x=0cm,x=10cm and x=20cm .What
would be the heat generation per unit volume if the difference in heat flow at these sections is due to
heat generation?

Question 7:Two slabs each 100mm thick and made of materials with thermal conductivities of 16 W/m-
deg and 1600 W/m-deg,are placed in contact which is not perfect.Due to roughness of surfaces,only
40% of area is in contact and air fills 0.02mm thick gap in the remaining area.If the extreme surfaces of
the arrangement are at temperature of 250`C and 30`C,determine the heat flow through the composite
system,the contact resistance and temperature drop in contact.

Take thermal conderctivity of air as 0.032 W/m-deg and assume that half of the contact (of the confact
area) is due to either metal.
Question 8:Determine the heat transfer rate across a composite slab which is made of different
materials with top and bottom as shown in fig.The entire left hand face is at T1 temperature while the
entire right hand face is at the temperature T2.The conductivities of the two different materials are
stated as k(a) and k(b),and their areas as viewed in the direction of slab thickness $ are A(a) and A(b)
respectively.Steady state exists,there is no heat generation and the slab is so thin that any edge effects
can be neglected,interpret the results in terms of an electric circuit.

Question 9:Find the heat flow rate through the composite wall as shown in Fig.Assume one dimensional
flow and take

k(a)=150 W/m-deg; k(b)=30 W/m-deg

k(c)=65 W/m-deg; k(d)=50 W/m-deg

Question 10:A 30 cm thick wall of reactor is made up of an inner layer of fire brick(k1=0.85
W/mK)covered with a layer of insulation(k2=0.15W/mK).The reactor operates at a temperature of 1600
K whilst the ambient temperature is 295 K.Calculate the thickness of fire brick and insulation which gives
minimum heat loss.Also work out the heat loss presuming that the insulating material has a maximum
temperature of 1475K.If the calculated heat loss is unacceptable,would the addition of another layer of
insulation be a satisfactory solution?

Question 11:A furnance wall comprises of three layers:13.5 cm thick inside layer of fire brick,7.5cm thick
middle layer of insulating brick and 11.5cm thick outside layer of red brick.The furnance operates at
870`C and it is anticipated that the outside of composite wall can be maintained at 40`C by the
circulation of air.Assuming close bonding of layers at their interfaces,find the rate of heat loss from the
furnance and the wall inerface temperature.The wall measures 5m x 2m and the data on thermal
conductivities is :

fire brick k1 =1.2 W/m-deg

insulating brick k2 =0.14 W/m-deg

red brick k3 =0.85 W/m-deg

question 8 fig :

question 6 fig:

question 9fig: