Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Index:
We know, a . a . a. a . ……………………. n times = a n
Note: a0 = 1, and a1 = a
Eg. 25 = 2 . 2 . 2 . 2 . 2, 34 = 3 . 3 . 3. 3, 44 = 4 . 4 . 4 . 4
Laws of Indices:
i) am . an = am+n
ii) am ÷ an = am – n
iv) (ab)m = am bm
v) (a / b)m = am / bm
vi) 1 / am = a-m ; a ≠ 0
X1/2 = 2 1
x
Xp/q = q p
x
m 2n 3m 8n
Simplify x .x
5m 6n
x
m 2 n 3 m 8 n
x . x
5 m 6 n
x
m 2 n 3 m 8 n
x
5 m 6 n
x
4 m 6 n
x
5 m 6 n
x
(4 m 6 n ) (5 m 6 n )
x
m
x
Show that
n 1
3 .2 2 n
2
2 n 2
2 n 1
3 .2 n.2 2 n
1
2
2 n .2 2 ( 2 n.2 )
2 n
(6 1)
2
2 n
(4 1 / 2 )
7
2
7
2
7 2
7 2
2 2
Show that
1 1
nm
mn
1
1 a 1 a
1 1
n m
m n
1 a 1 a
1 1
1 am 1 an
n
a a m
1 1
a m
a n a n
a m
m
a a n
m n
a a
a m
a n
a m
a n
a m
a n
a m
a n
1
If 2x=3y=(12)z, show that
1 1 2
z y x
Let 2 3 (12) k
x y z
2 k ; 3 k ; 12 k
1/ x 1/ y 1/ z
We know, 12 2 2 3
k k k
1/ z 1/ x 1/ x
k 1/ y
1 2 1
z x y
If ax=(a/k)y=km, show that
1 1 1
m x y
a x
k m
; k a x / m
y
a
Again , k m
k
y
a
y
k m
; a y
k m
.k y
k
a y
a x / m
. a
m x /m
y
a y
a x
a xy / m
y x xy
m
my mx xy
1 1 1 22
If 2x=4y=8z and 2 x 4 show
y 8 that
z 7
7 7 7
x , y z
16 32 48
If ax=by=cz=dw, and ab=cd, show that
1 1 1 1
x y z w
Let, ax=by=cz=dw = k
a k 1/ x
, b k 1/ y
, c k 1/ z
d k 1/ w
ab cd
1 2
If x 2 3
2 3
, show that
x3-6x=6
Surds
n
e.g.
a
Where it is not possible to extract exactly the nth root of a.
n
In other words, a real number a is called a surd if and
only if
(i) it is an irrational number, and
(ii) it is a root of a rational number.
In the surd n a , the index n is called the order of the surd and
‘a’ the radicand.
√3 is a surd, it is an irrational root of the
rational number 3 .
3 5
5, 8 are surds
4
But 3
8, 16 are not surds.
mn
m n
a a n m
a
(iii) = =
(iv)
m
a b
mn
a bn
(v) ( a) a
n m n m
Similar surds: Two surds are similar if they can
be reduced to same irrational factors.
E.g. 48 and 147 are similar surds , because
they can be put as 4 3 and 7 3 .
Rationalizing Factor
a x . x = ax
Rationalize
7 3 5 2
48 18
7 3 5 2 48 18
48 18 48 18
(7 3 5 2 ) ( 4 3 3 2 )
48 18
7 3 (4 3 3 2 ) 5 2 (4 3 3 2 )
30
Cont’d
7 3(4 3 3 2) 5 2(4 3 3 2)
30
84 21 6 20 6 30
30
114 41 6
30
Properties of Bi-quadratic Surds
I. If a b x y or a b x y
then, a = x and b = y.
III. If a b x y then, a b x y
Root of a Mixed Surd
14 + 6√5